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Considering a bag of tomato seeds, in the description you can see the type of plant growth, which can be determinant or indeterminate. For beginners gardening, these terms are not always clear and do not take into account when choosing a new variety. Sown previously unknown tomato in the garden without taking into account the type of growth can give either a strong thickening of plants, or an almost empty area, which negatively affects the overall yield. Therefore, the question arises: an indeterminate and determinant tomato, what is it? Let us consider these two in detail.
The meaning of the term determinant grade
The term "determinant" itself comes from the word "determination which in Latin restriction, therefore "determinant" means "limited and "indeterminate" means " "unlimited".
With regard to the type of growth of tomatoes: determinant - having limited growth, indeterminate - unlimited growth.
What is the limitation of determinant tomatoes? The growth of the central apex is limited by a flower brush. This happens as follows: at the end of the shoot, an ovary with fruit is formed, and then it ceases to grow. Further growth of tomato comes from the strongest stepson in the lower leaf of the leaf.
Indeterminate tomatoes do not have this restriction. The growth of their central apex occurs without restriction with a flower brush.
What is the difference between determinant and indeterminate tomatoes?
Indeterminate can easily be distinguished from determinant tomatoes even before the appearance of flowers and fruits.
Seedlings
When emergence occurs after 3-4 days, the cotyledonous elbow is straightened and its length can indirectly determine the type of the future bush. In indeterminate varieties, it is longer (3-5 cm) than in determinant (1-3 cm). However, with a lack of light, the seedling can stretch out a lot and then determine what kind of bush will be difficult. In the photo, a seedling of an inderminant tomato, the subfamily knee is quite long.
Seedling
When the seedling reaches the age of appearance of the first flower brush, it is easy to determine the type of the future bush. Indeterminate tomatoes form the first brush after 8-9 of the present leaf and above, determinant - after 6-7 of the present leaf and below. An example of an indeterminate variety is seen in the photo, there are already 9 real leaves, but not a single flower brush.
Adult plants
When the plant has been planted for a long time, it has grown well and has several tied brushes with fruits, it is difficult to determine the number of leaves to the first ovary, since the seedlings could be closed and part of the stem remained under land.
Indeterminant varieties lay floral through 3 leaves. The determinant tomatoes between the brushes are always less than 3 true leaves.
On a plant of determinant varieties, one can always find an escape, the growth of which ends with the ovary, and there will be no such case for the indeterminants. The only erroneous acceptance of an indeterminate tomato for the determinant may be the case when during the formation of the plant is prischipka escape immediately behind the flower brush and it seems that the escape on it finished growth. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful and as a check to consider the leaves between the ovaries.
In the photo you can see how indeterminate varieties grow.
It is believed that indeterminate tomatoes have tall shrubs, while determinants form low-growing plants. This statement is true in part, but there are exceptions.
There are tomatoes for greenhouses that form tall plants, but belong to the determinant varieties of tomatoes, forming brushes, less than 3 leaves. This is the majority of modern greenhouse hybrids. Also there are stubborn indeterminate tomatoes, which have a short shrub, for example, the well-known late-ripening variety Volgogradskii 5/95.
A diagram of the various types of bush is shown in the diagram.
Stamp type of the bush is not connected with branching, brush formation and has corrugated leaves and thickened A central stem that holds the plant upright, even with a large number of fruits, and does not require garters. An example of a stamping determinant variety of tomatoes, the photo of which is located below, shows how compact this shrub is.
Varieties of determinant tomatoes
The group of determinant varieties of tomatoes are 4 varieties of plants, which differ in the degree of limited growth and have their own characteristics.
- Half-determinant. These tomatoes can often be confused with indeterminate and is an intermediate type of plant branching. They limit their growth after the formation of 10-12 floral brushes, but they occur every 2 real leaves, but there are also blanks with 3 leaves. Therefore, it is believed that semi-determinant varieties lay the ovaries through a 2 leaf. The first flower brush is laid through 7-8 leaves.
- Determinant. In these tomatoes, the formation of brushes occurs strictly less than 3 leaves, and after they grow 5-6 pieces - the shoot ends its growth with a flower brush. Laying the first peduncle occurs after 6-7 of the present leaf. In the photo of the determinant varieties of tomatoes, it is evident that there are no more apices on the bush after the ovary, and growth has continued from the axillary bud at the lower leaf.
- Super determinant. These varieties are premature. Flower brushes are laid through 1-2 sheets, and after the formation of them in an amount of 4-5 pieces there is an escape that restricts the growth of the flower stem.
- SupersuperDeterminant. These include super-dwarf and ultra-ripening varieties. They can form at once 2-3 flower brushes in a row without gaps from the leaves. Escape limits its growth after the formation of 3-4 peduncles. The first brush appears after 5 actual sheets and one sheet can form the next one.
Pros and cons of determinant varieties of tomatoes
The positive features include the following:
- early ripeness, since the flower brush is laid through a smaller number of leaves than in the indeterminate ones, then the ripening of the first fetus occurs earlier.
- a high early yield, because of the laying of the ovaries through a smaller number of leaves than the indeterminate varieties, then on the stem meter a greater number and efficiency of the yield of the crop is laid higher.
- more amicable yield of the crop than in the indeterminate varieties, since almost simultaneously several hands are tied together.
The disadvantages of these tomatoes are the following:
- less overall yield, because growth is limited to brushes, the bush can be completely finished and the plant stops growing in height and form new ovaries.
- requires increased mineral nutrition, because of the frequent formation of brushes, more fertilizers are required to form the crop.
- require less work on the formation of plants, due to the restriction of growth of the peduncle, you have to remove more stepsons and do not overload the plant with ovaries.
- predisposition to diseases, in a plant more loaded with ovaries, and this is the usual state of determinant varieties, the resistance to infections decreases, so an increased use of chemicals is required protection.
Hopefully, the article revealed the characteristics of different types of bush, as well as the pros and cons of the determinant tomato varieties.
The scheme of formation of determinant tomatoes
The scheme of formation of indeterminate tomatoes
