The device of the sewing machine: How does the sewing machine?

The first patent for the sewing machine was designed in the early nineteenth century. First, the machine is completely copied hand sewing technique, then there was a needle with an eye near the acute end stitch, foot, and, finally, the mechanisms have come to the principle that work to this day. Modern cars can be driven by a simple scrolling knob or cap, or connect to the mains, can do simple stitches or several types of more complex, including curly and embroidery, but all are based on the same algorithm combining two threads from both sides tissue.

How does the sewing machine: sewing machine parts

Despite the variety of models on the market, the basic details of the majority of machines are common:

1. Flywheel - usually located on the right side of the housing. It adjusts the height of the needle.
instagram viewer
2. The rod, which is put on the coil with the main thread.
3. Stitch shape switch on the front panel.
4. Stitch length switch is located next to the selection knob forms.
5. Thread guide pulls the thread, so that it is not confused.
6. Up lever moving up and down, feeding the thread from the reel into the machine.
7. Thread tension regulator - special screw or option on the control panel.
8. The presser foot holds the fabric in place.
9. Foot pressure regulator is needed for tissue from different materials.
10. Lift lever, lower the presser foot at the beginning and end of the work.
11. Needle that sews.
12. The screw that secures the needle.
13. Threader - really makes life easier for the user.
14. Thread cutter to quickly break the thread at the end of work.
15. The plate under the presser foot is equipped with a conveyor - a gear that moves the fabric under the needle.
16. Under the needle and the presser foot is located the shuttle closed by a lid. If you open it, you will see the bobbin under the cap.
17. Often in modern machines still have a compartment for storage of spare parts, threads and other small things.

What is needed in the first place: the bobbin and shuttle

Shuttle - it is the main unit of the sewing machine works, it touches the upper thread and connects it to the thread bottom line. It was from his work depends on setting the machine, would it not be gaps, breaks or tangled loops. Detail is driven by the actuator and moves back and forth in a predetermined direction.

The shuttle can be vertical, horizontal, reciprocating or rotating.

• Swinging pendulum or canoe found in the cheapest models and is suitable for beginners or those who rarely use a sewing machine. It is simple, but reliable, and requires no special skills to operate. Disadvantages of such a solution: slow speed, noise and vibration during operation, a limited selection of stitches.
• Vertical double shuttle obeganiya / spinning / rotating used in more expensive and professional equipment. It works quickly and reliably prevents tangling thread and can withstand heavy loads when working with different materials.
• Horizontal hook differs from the previous location and design. It lies under the needle plate and covered with a transparent cover. Conveniently, in such a system, the bobbin is not hidden under a cap, and immediately see the thread color, and how much of it left. These machines are easy to use, they work quickly and quietly, and are suitable for most people who regularly engaged in sewing.

Bobbin - a small coil for the lower thread stitching. Usually, a few pieces are included with the purchase.

REFERENCE! Bobbins should fit the shape and material of the cap. Keep this in mind if you buy them separately from the machine. Selecting the bobbin mechanism - an important point.

Screw on the bobbin, adjusts the tension of the bobbin thread. If the thread is too loose, the stitches will be ignored, and too much tension will lead to breakage.

Improper winding thread on the bobbin also affects the quality of the sewing. For example, manual winding may give the wrong tension lines. Therefore it is better to wind the thread using the built-in mechanism for the machine in accordance with the instruction.

1. Open the shuttle cover. If necessary, remove the hook and open the lid to remove the bobbin.
2. Put the desired spool of thread on the pin at the top of the sewing machine.
3. Unwind a little thread and pass it through the end of the thread guide.
4. Circle it around the disc tensioner.
5. Secure the end of the bobbin, having passed one time in the hole.
6. Place the bobbin on a special rod for winding.
7. Start the machine by means of a pedal or button.
8. Wrap as you need, but make sure that the thread does not extend beyond the outer edge of the bobbin.
9. Cut the thread and insert the bobbin in its place in the shuttle bay.

Mechanism

The basic principle of the sewing machine needle is in interaction with the upper thread and shuttle thread with the lower line.

1. The actuator triggers a movement of the needle up and down.
2. The needle pierces the fabric and forms a loop under it.
3. Shuttle captures the loop and connects it with the thread from the spool.
4. Thread take-up begins to raise the upper thread.
5. The thread is tightened, and a device for pulling the material promotes tissue on the stitch length.

Hidden under the body engine, which is started manually or mechanically by electricity. On the Internet there are many videos that demonstrate the engine. He scrolls through three shafts: central and two lateral. The central shaft attached to the connecting rod via a flywheel axis and launches the needle bar, and the side hook and responsible for promoting tissue. It is a synchronous interaction of all components allows for straight stitches, and a failure in the system leads to various problems.

IMPORTANT! Mechanisms of sewing machines, as a rule, do not wear a long time, and can be used for decades without requiring maintenance. The main thing to respect the rules of operation and time to lubricate the parts.

How to move the fabric

After each movement of the needle the fabric should move forward for a new stitch. The distance between punctures called step stitch - it is usually regulated by a control lever on the sewing machine.

Material moves the rack protruding in the grooves of the needle plate. The operation of this mechanism greatly affects the quality of the stitches.

1. At the first stitch forming stage - in the lower position of the needle and slats - distance should be between 1.5-2mm. Fine-tune this provision will help to master, but after a proper setup for a long time you will forget about the problems of skipping stitches and sticking of tissue.
2. During up stitch formed during the needle motion rack teeth must be completely hidden, and the fabric is stationary. Otherwise the machine will begin to skip stitches and break the needle.
3. After the formation of the stitch rake up and teeth captures the fabric to move it to the desired length.

Remember:

• The tab should be pressed against the plane uniformly from all sides, preventing skewing or more pressure on one side;
• Do not pull the fabric forward and do not clamp it tightly so as not to interfere with the operation of the driving mechanism.

How to replace the thread:

1. For a start, disconnect the machine from the network, to avoid injury.
2. Raise the foot and via the flywheel lock the needle in the upper position.
3. Place the spool on a special pin for her.
4. Pull string through the upper guide, and then down - right channel.
5. Wrap around its yarn tensioning device between the channels.
6. Pull thread up the left channel through nitevyvoditelya hook and again downwardly toward the needle on the other side of the lever.
7. Thread the needle in the guide of the above.
8. Insert it into the needle eye, pull itself against and position the free edge (about 5 cm) behind the machine.

What else you need to know about typewriters

Many sewing machines equipped with additional features:

• Most current models of the needle can move not only up and down but also from side to side. This allows you to stitch in a zigzag shape or simple patterns on the basis of embroidery embroidery.
• Available in different foot shapes for different purposes: decorative stitching, sewing buttonholes, Attaching zippers and button sewing.
• Darn rail moving fabric to wear special patch that fixes the material in place.
• It would seem a trifle! But without a bulb, built-in machine to illuminate the work surface, you'll be more likely to miss the flaws and more strain your eyes.
• It is advisable to choose the machine to which the included are tools for its home repair - screwdriver and keys.

Other types of machines for home use:

• Computer-controlled board computer and can perform more intricate stitches. The amount of memory depends on the number and complexity of programs.
• Shuttle different seam strength, but badly stretched, so it is rarely used for sewing knitwear. You need a machine that uses a flat stitches.
• For overcasting fabrics can be purchased serger. It is equipped with a mechanism for cutting and hemming fabrics used in various ways, including possible hemming finest lace and chiffon.

A few tips:

• Excessive load can damage the motor. Often, this happens when a long continuous operation - for example, suturing tablecloths, curtains and bed linen. Take breaks between switching on the drive.
• The needle must necessarily be straight and sharp. Do not attempt to use a damaged or repaired and sharpened it yourself - it is not designed for this purpose. A use of spoiled needle may result in breakage of the entire machine.
• Also, the needle should match the fabric, which is sewn to her - for lace and needle skin need different thicknesses and knitwear used needle with a rounded tip. The standard set can be purchased at almost any store goods for needlework.

Understanding the principles of operation of the sewing machine makes it easier to work with it and allows you to fix minor problems without getting up from the table. With good machines you can not only perform simple jobs like shortening trousers or repair the damaged clothes, but also to be creative and turn chores into a hobby.