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In the garden and garden business, nitrogen fertilizers are the main substance that provides the plant with good compaction of roots, the appearance of new leaves, growthflowers and fruit development.
Nitrogen replenishment is especially important for fruit crops. It provides an increase in the growth of fruits and improves their taste. Nitrogen is easily absorbed in such types of soil as podzolic, peatlands, black soil.
A lot of nitrogen is contained in organic compounds, however, this form of it acts as a kind of bait for many pests. Under the influence of a large number of insects, the plant may not survive. Therefore, gardeners use a more useful form of nitrogen fertilizer based on minerals for garden and garden crops.
With an insufficient amount of nitrogenous fertilizers, the plant grows very weakly, the vegetative organs develop slowly, the leaves grow small, their appearance is colored with a yellowish tinge, and soon they fall off prematurely. These processes are detrimental to the plant, and can lead to an interruption of the flowering period and a reduction in fruiting.
Properly applied nitrogen fertilizers will promote the healthy development of the plant and the desired result for the summer resident.
Liquid nitrogen fertilizers
The production of liquid fertilizers is much cheaper than solid counterparts. Therefore, liquid fertilizers can be purchased at lower prices. The effectiveness of such fertilizers does not depend on their natural state.
Most gardeners who are just starting a gardening business are interested in, which liquid nitrogen fertilizers are?
There are three main types of nitrogen compounds for soil fertilization:
- Anhydrous ammonia;
- Ammonia water;
- Ammoniati.
Anhydrous ammonia. A fairly concentrated solution that has the appearance of a colorless liquid. Anhydrous ammonia is produced in the factory, as a result of the liquefaction of ammonia from the gaseous state under the influence of high pressure. The resulting liquid contains 82.3% nitrogen.
Nitrogen fertilizer in the liquid state is stored in tightly closed containers. Do not store it in a pot of copper, zinc and similar alloys. It is recommended to use iron containers, or steel and cast iron. Anhydrous ammonia must be stored in closed containers, as it tends to evaporate quickly.
Ammonia water. The nitrogen concentration in this fertilizer is about 16.4% minimum and up to 20.5% maximum. It does not have a destructive effect on ferrous metals. Ammonia water has a slight pressure that allows you to store it in vessels made of carbon steel. This type of liquid nitrogen fertilizer to apply over long distances is not profitable and not practical, since nitrogen tends to quickly evaporate. Nitrogen-based fertilizer loses some of its original properties during transportation.
The application of nitrogen fertilizer to the soil is fairly simple, but nitrogen losses may also occur as a result of the evaporation of free, anhydrous ammonia. Soil colloids instantly absorb nitrogen. A small part of nitrogen fertilizers, as a result of entering into a reaction with soil moisture, is converted into ammonium hydroxide.
In soil saturated with humus, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increases several times. In this case, ammonia losses are minimal.
In sandy and sandy, unstable soils with minimal saturation of humus, ammonia losses increase several times, respectively, the effectiveness of application decreases.
In the presence of large amounts of land that need fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers, there is a special technique. With her assistance, fertilizer is applied to a depth of 12 cm on light soils. This is done to minimize the loss of nitrogen and increase its effectiveness. Surface application to the soil will not give any result.
Fertilizers containing nitrogen are also applied to frozen soil in the autumn, or when the soil is cultivated before the sowing campaign.
Ammonia. The production of ammonia takes place as a result of the mixing of aqueous ammonia and nitrogen fertilizers. The resulting composition has about 30-50% nitrogen. In ammonia compounds it is found in different compounds and proportions( nitrate and amide form).
For garden and garden crops, ammonia in a liquid state is not inferior in properties to solid types of nitrogenous fertilizers.
The soil should be fed with liquid fertilizers in a special uniform to prevent it from getting on the skin and respiratory tract, as well as on the mucous membranes. For the protection of the eyes it is necessary to use glasses, and for the protection of respiration - masks or respirators.
Types of nitrogen fertilizers and methods for their use.
Nitrogen is one of the main components of a complex of mineral fertilizers for feeding plants. Its main function in this complex is to increase the fruitfulness of garden crops.
As for the doses for entering into the soil, for berry and fruit crops the norm is 9-12 g / 1m2 of soil. For crops that have a bone inside, these values are 4-6 grams / 1m2 of soil. With a simple feeding, to support the general condition of the fruit, a dosage of up to 4 gr. / 1m2 of area is applied.
The main types of nitrogen fertilizers:
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Ammonium nitrate. This is a universal fertilizer with a fast-acting effect. The nitrogen content is 35%.It is realized in the form of white-pink granules. Ammonium nitrate is introduced into the soil in spring, in an amount of from 25 to 30 grams / 1m2.Saltpeter is diluted with water in a proportion of 20 gr. / 10l. It has a strong nourishing effect on black soil; -
Ammonium Sulphate. Has the appearance of crystallized salt. The amount of nitrogen in it reaches 21%.It is possible to bring in the soil both in the spring, and in the fall. Ammonium sulfate is not washed out of the soil. Among the properties of fertilizer can be noted the function of a slight acidification of the soil. In the soil make 40-50 g. / 1m2 before planting, and fed 25gr./1m2; -
Urea. One of the main nitrogenous fertilizers is 46% nitrogen. It has the appearance of a crystalline salt. Summer residents this nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used to feed the spring. In the fall, urea is used for heavy soils, in proportion from 20 to 25 grams / 1m2.For feeding plants apply up to 10g. / 1m2 area, diluted in 10 liters of water. For carrying out spraying a more concentrated solution is used - from 30 to 40 gr. / 10l.water.
Nitrogen fertilizers play a big role for the good development of garden crops. The main task for the cottager is timely feeding the plant with this type of fertilizer. How to apply nitrogen fertilizers, and in what proportions is described in detail in the instructions on the packages and in information sources.
