There are basic units undergoing repair points often: tank, an engine electronic control unit, the programmer (timer), filter, various valves. Self-repair washing machines is not possible without knowledge of the internal structure of this type of household appliance. For regular readers of repair is possible, as a rule. It is based on a simple commutator motor, whose speed is controlled thyristor (triac and t. D.) The cutoff key. To control the timer-programmer, mechanical or electronic, supplying the necessary signals. Acceptable call detail clock washing machine, sometimes it performs and brain function by sending control pulses in the desired direction. Let's talk about the internal structure more, we believe that the repair of the washing machine does not seem to have a serious matter, both before reading the article.
The principle of operation of the washing machine
The device is a typical washing machine
Considering the principle of operation of the washing machine, let's start with the electrical part. At the entrance of the washing machine costs low pass filter. His scheme generally indicated next to the housing together with face elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors), it is acceptable to make the item in the image, withstanding voltage limits. Filter and engine unleashes home network. Torsional collector there is a strong noise and sparks vent, in the truest sense of the word. As a result, there is a strong interference that may break the sensitive appliances such as home theater systems.
Know that the touch pad of the washing machine is not always protected from the outside - from household appliances. In addition, too much afraid of power surges. Output? Turn on the washing machine through the surge from a computer store, in the absence of certainty, that the house and the neighbors are all safe from the point of view of interference. This is relevant mainly for touch. By the way, if said washing machine behaves inappropriately, performs or does not perform the operation through time, there is a possibility that the reason lies in the touch panel:
- The film may be removed.
- Contacts cleaned.
- If necessary, insulate.
washing machine control panel
Similar concerns and buttons. The hardware switches are often used, in case of breakage in tempered condition can not withstand the required insulation resistance. As a result of the behavior of the apparatus becomes mysteriously unpredictable. These switches useless call connection method varies. Vypayat are difficult, it is easy to burn. If there is a hair dryer, accessible reverse side of the board, try to, but mostly washing machine repair is to take a bite all the parts and replace with new ones. When dismantling the soldering switches frequently break down. To determine in advance a defective hard even professional.
The filter engine power does not directly take, it is powered by the adjustment board. Similar (easier) are in most food processors. This can be a diagram with the rotational speed stabilization by evaluating the magnitude of spark matter. Check engine operation easier than ever - to ring coil. Sometimes the motor runs, but the insulation struck. Sparking goes to the body and a terrible noise much louder than normal operation. If you have trouble changing the engine.
To protect against electrical surges coils Varistors. They come in pairs, the first end of the brush to sit, the second - on the housing. If a fault arcing and noise are greatly enhanced. Varistor resistance changes depending on the applied voltage, which abruptly. Difficult to trace the dependence, the lack of connection, for example, will give a few megohms.
Varistors washing machine
In household appliances insulation resistance of 20 megohms, the approximate value measured by the tester and in the case of the varistor. In the transition voltage above the acceptable level (typically 220V rms) conductivity element increases, which causes a jump circuit through the body. As a result, the varistor is able to overheat and burn, inspect visually for black and melted places.
In today's washing machine there is a switching power supply IC. It is easily recognized by the presence of a small transformer. It is better to immediately proceed to the exit, where a pair of tunnel diodes chips off the voltage supply. If the Voltage procedure is not recommended to climb deep into the jungle. Exit look for the transformer. The frequency increases in the key element (easy to find by the presence of the radiator), controlled high frequency pulse generator. Present here and a couple of varistors or other elements of defense. The pulse generator works directly from 220 by forming elements. Voltage is not very stable. One end of the varistor regard to the supply circuit, the second is connected to ground. When it comes to jump resistance vanishes, it goes past the pulse generator.
do almost nothing can be memory chips, it is necessary to try to reprogram (available not in any washing machines). There remains a small chance that lost storage devices.
Input (inlet valve), washing machine
Double or single inlet valve is responsible for the collection of water. Supply voltage 220 through a control circuit receiving the data from the level sensor, representing the relay opens when a certain condition.
We see scheme similar to the refrigerator: the membrane, which pressure is transmitted through the tube. Or principle of action is different, the essence is the same - if any element of the program says washing machines electronics, if you need to draw water. Or vice versa - lower. If the washing machine does not reach the water, remove the upper lid and tester measure the voltage at the input. Sometimes relies clean plastic spider in front of the intake valve, which serves as a rough filter.
Heating coil washing machine
If the washing machine does not want to heat the water, is a good chance that the case in the heating element. Usually this helix power of about 2 kW, consists of a single or a pair of heaters on a single site. There is a thermostat in the tube. Possible fuses, disposable and reusable. Inspect the heater carefully for safety elements. The heater is required periodically to clean from scale. For this purpose the solution citric acid, but the tank can not perfuse acid.
Remove the element, fixed on the nut, make a clean in a plastic bottle or other container. Before disassembling the unit photograph the terminals to properly carry out the installation of coils after cleaning. Heater is controlled by its own thermostat and the electronic board. Office serves as a special relay. Possible to find in the vicinity of the power supply for reasons of economy the PCB.
The level sensor in the washing machine
The sensor of the washing machine level
On Web sites, there are amazingly simple drawings and graphics of the washing machine level sensor. We did not copy the images, describe the meaning: in a sealed package worth membrane where water pressure is transmitted. Upon reaching the desired border force pulls the recoil spring, the contact closes. In case the tank emptying process is reversed. If the intake valve is serviceable, but the signal is not present sense to evaluate the level of sensor efficiency washing machine.
Drain pump washing machine
Self-repair washing machines can be avoided, if the output filter is clean. In the lower right corner, sometimes under the panel, hiding cover, for which the cross is located, collecting hair and other similar things. Every six months is required to clean the element. The drainage pump represents a small electric motor in charge pumping water from the tank. In the absence of drainage check the resistance of the windings, if the engine rotates.
washing machine drum bearings
The drum washing machine rests on two bearings:
- Front.
- Background.
They are of different sizes, access to them is done from the inside. And the need to disassemble the entire tank to replace the parts. If the drum rotates with a thud to repair a washing machine on their own, will have to disassemble the whole. Carefully lead the diagnosis, in many models of the tank for the first time understands irreversible. Breaks off fixture becomes noticeable interference. Service refuses to fix the washing machine for free.
