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Repair punch complicated duethe layout of nodes with a mechanical interface and energy block. All items have micron tolerances and verified sequence of actions. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure proper maintenance and technical operation of the tool in accordance with the requirements of the instructions, thereby extending the turnaround time.
Device punch
There are few tool users who have studied not only the order of pressing the levers and buttons, but understand what is happening in the mechanism as a result of the command received. Without knowing the interaction of nodes, it is impossible to perform even the smallest repair punch.
There are signs of problems that relate to the power section, and sometimes mechanical wear or breakdown of parts occurs.
. Power part of the percussion instrument.
. Electric circuits and equipment are concentrated in one part and are presented in the section on the photo.
The symptoms of a malfunction requiring the replacement of parts or the repair of a hammer drill in the power section can be the following:
- when the instrument is turned on, the main fuses are activated;
- device does not turn on;
- when working there is a smoke with a pungent smell;
- during operation the device sparks;
- turns are not regulated.
It is possible to find the reason why the device does not turn on using a tester. You need to look for a gap in the scheme, from simple to complex. Check connections, clean contacts. The most complex and expensive part that failed is the punch anchor. This is the heart of the engine, composed of copper coils connected to each other and fastened with lamellae. In case of breakdown of insulation between the wires in any place, a short circuit occurs, and the entire collector needs to be rewound or replaced. 
Determine that the anchor on the punch is faulty, you can visually by the burnt winding, traces of smoke lamellae, or testing for short circuit. Eliminate damage can be timely care, cleaning parts from dust, which is the root cause of all the trouble. If sparking comes from the engine, the anchor should be cleaned with an alcohol swab or an ordinary school rubber band to remove graphite plaque from the collector.
The second important part of the engine are carbon or graphite brushes. It is through the moving contacts that an electric charge enters the core, creating an induced emf torque. Punching brushes are the contact that connects the rotary collector with an energy source.
Two elements are always paired. A carbon or graphite plate is pressed against the collector. As a result of constant friction on the rotating collector, the plates wear off and the contact is broken. A symptom of malfunction will be arcing in the collector, perhaps the engine does not develop momentum. Regardless of the state of wear, both plates change simultaneously. Most tool models have brush wear alarms that alert the user in advance.
The punching speed can not be adjusted due to the malfunction of the CCD, then it needs to be replaced, the device cannot be repaired.
Mechanical malfunctions and their elimination
To find this or that malfunction, it is necessary to get to the necessary node. Any of the sequentially removed parts is carefully examined for the presence of:
- cracks;
- chips;
- burrs or scratches.
Most models are divided into two halves, but each of the perforators has features. How to repair the punch with your own hands, watch the video:
. The following may be a sign of failure:
- failure to perform the function;
- extraneous sounds inside the mechanism and excessive body heating;
- does not switch modes;
- lubricant flowing.
Each of the symptoms may be due to the failure of any of the parts that are extracted in the sequence shown in the diagram. Assemble the tool in the reverse order. Spare parts for punch should be purchased according to the specifications in the instructions for use. 
One of the causes of mechanical failures is often the lack of maintenance of the unit operating under difficult conditions. Preventive measures are not complicated, and the life of the tool will lengthen significantly. According to the rules of operation, it is assumed:
- update lubricant of the gearbox every six months;
- after 6 months to inspect and clean the brushes, and the adjacent part of the collector;
- at the end of the working day to clean the punch with a vacuum cleaner;
- do not forget to apply grease to the shanks of the slotting tool to seal dust and prevent the generation of a socket.
Do not exert any physical effort when working with a punch; the striker and seals wear out, fatigue and irritation of the operator sets in.
Aims and Objectives of Lubricating a Tool
Often the cause of a tool breakage is the lack, lack or improper lubrication. Abrasive wear is reduced if all gaps and cavities are covered with a layer of antifreeze, and cleaning is carried out in a timely manner.
The type of gear lubricant differs from the liner composition. Each manufacturer recommends the use of a specific lubricant for the perforator specified in the instructions, with the necessary frequency.
There are general guidelines for all rotary hammers. Gearboxes should receive oil of liquid consistency, poured into a special hole. For all units, without a doubt, you can use Bosh and Makita grease designed for gearboxes, which is what they do in service centers.
Improperly selected or over-lubricated lubricant can cause the gearbox to overheat.
For lubrication of the working tool shafts, before lubricating the cartridge, a thicker consistency of the same manufacturers is used. In this case, the shank attachment unit in the chuck and the striker is prevented from working. Filling all gaps with grease protects the unit from dust.
Lubricate the places specified in the instructions. And certainly, it is harmful to add lubricant to the clutch. In the case of a sudden detection of the absence of lubrication in the gearbox, you can use the domestic composition, Litol-24 Lux, but for accumulator drills the lubricant is not suitable, even temporarily.
Device of the working unit and equipment of the punch
The puncher has a cartridge in which the working tools are fixed. For professional heavy punchers, SDS max cartridges accept only 18 mm diameter shanks with five longitudinal grooves, which are installed in the cartridge socket of the corresponding profile.
Light and medium tools are equipped with an SDS plus chuck, which allows the use of slotting tools with four longitudinal grooves and a cross section of 10 mm. The perforator cartridge is designed so that it can only accept tools intended for it. If you insert the wrong equipment, it will not enter the socket, or be installed sideways. If you try to work, the attachment point will collapse. But the drills do not have a shank with grooves. Used attachment cartridge, which is installed in the SDS profile. But at the same time the tool is lengthened. The cartridge for the punch under the drill may be fast-locking or key. The adapter is used only with an SDS + chuck, as the more powerful punch does not have the drilling function without impact.
Perforator - multifunctional tool. It can use modes:
- shock;
- shock with drilling;
- drilling, if there is a special cartridge.
To work in shock mode, there are many devices used to facilitate manual labor. 
Blow with drilling is carried out only with use of nozzles for punch:
- drill;
- hollow crown;
- blade for chroming.
A drill is a tool that has a special profile shank, a working part, which is a screw and a tip made of special steel with a centering point. The destruction of the material occurs not by scraping, but by chipping, rocks. At the same time there is a blow with a turn, as a result of which the chipped pieces are removed along the screw surface of the working part.
Drills for punch set when working in hammerless mode. With this tool, a light punch can work like a regular drill on wood. If necessary, the device can be used for tightening fasteners, if the reverse function is provided.
A hollow crown is needed right through the passages for cable wiring or to create grooves in the body structure to install instruments. The crown creates an annular passage, leaving a column in the middle. Since the nozzle has a special gear profile, the metal fittings in the concrete will make the cutters unusable.
You can make notches in the wall with a special shovel for chroming, but the holes will not look as neat as the crown.
Buchard has long been considered a sculptor's tool. Masters used forged and cross bouchards. It is a percussion instrument, reminiscent of a hammer, the hammer of which is notched. With the scoop of the sculptor, the sculptor cut off from the boulder all that was superfluous, and the cross made the shape of a stone.
When using one impact mode, use with nozzles:
- blade or flat chisel;
- peak;
- channel chisel;
- Bookboard.
Punching blade used for leveling the surface of solid material. With this tool you can remove the tile from the walls, remove the irregularities from the surface of frozen concrete. Correction of some flaws when installing openings in high-rise construction is carried out with the help of this tool. A chisel for a hammer drill used on concrete may have a different width, depending on the task being performed. Suitable tooling for all drills. Apply and specially created, narrowly focused nozzles - a chisel, a plate for tamping or mortar tool.
When dismantling building structures, you need to create a breaking force. To destroy a wall or partition, concentrated at one point, the impact of peaks is provided by the power of a punch. Buchard's 
is a casting nozzle, a very durable sledgehammer. Teeth on beads hard-alloy, withstand large shock loads. Remove from the wall, beat off a layer of concrete, knock off a layer of rust from metal - this is the field of application. If before plastering the wall with this tool, no reinforcement is required. It is impossible to apply for the punch in the scrolling mode. The inevitable consequence will be jamming.
Rules that must be followed
During operation, the punch quickly heats up. In order to keep the instrument working for a long time, it is necessary to take a break for at least 10 minutes after 20-30 minutes of work.
In the process of work, when scrolling idler tool, you need to remove crumbs and dust, clean punched hole, to facilitate the work of the tool. When drilling holes of large cross section, they first drill with a thin drill, then with an average drill hole, making a hole in three steps. Through long passages need to be drilled first with short nozzles, gradually replacing them with longer ones.
After work, the punch and used nozzles must be put in order. Tools should be dust free and dry-packed in a container.
