To control the operation of many electrical appliances, special controllers are required that are responsible for the accuracy and correctness of their operation. We offer to consider how to connect a simple street photo relay, what it is and its principle of operation.
Content
- Description of photo relay
- Operating principle
- Application and Connection
- Relay installation and grounding
Description of photo relay
Sensitive photorelay on the triac GOST 51324.2.1-99. is an optical device consisting of LEDs that are optically coupled to the contacts of electrical appliances. It is also often called a twilight LED sensor, a fixture day-night, etc.
Photo relay offer various benefits Compared to mechanical timers:
- Small size. Housed in small blocks such as the USOP, the fixture is designed with a reduced board;
- Long service life. In the absence of mechanical contact, the shelf life is significantly extended due to the fact that wear is completely absent;
- Low current drive. This device can operate with incoming current even in a few milliamps without an amplifier. Thus, neighboring devices can do without drivers;
- Silent work. In the absence of mechanical contact, the proximity switch does not emit any sounds at all;
- High speed. A photo relay is about 10 times faster than mechanical counterparts (which take a few milliseconds to switch).
- Excellent performance, many appliances come with a timer.
The components of the device are: three contact wires for connecting to a common network, a magnetic starter, an anchor.
Video: simple photo relay
Operating principle
The diagram shows the principle of operation of the device. Photoresistor PR1 reduces its resistance to a few Com with increasing illumination, due to which the VT2 phototransistor opens, which turns on the K1 photorelay, and already this device, in turn, will start transmit signals. Protects the circuit from self-induction diode VD1. Thanks to this principle, even very weak signals allow you to turn the light on or off.
The main working part - the photocell, is a gas tube in which gas is ionized. It has a cathode that is capable of generating electrons in proportion to the intensity of the light directed towards it, and the tube is also equipped with an anode for collecting electrons.
Whenever a negatively charged surface is placed in the atmosphere of an ionized gas, such as mercury vapor or some inert gas, electrons pass onto it. There, using the Fermi-Dirac velocity theory, electrons are accelerated depending on the strength of the applied electric field.
These electrons travel a relatively short distance before they collide with an atom of an ionizing gas. When an electron with constant kinetic energy passes through an ionizing substance, it breaks the atoms it collides with. Also, its trajectory of action may periodically change. If the material is gaseous, then the resulting fragments or ions can move in the opposite direction from each other. But if electrons are knocked out of atoms, then they move in one direction, and residual positive ions in the opposite direction. The output of the type of ionization or photocell depends on the number of electrons on the anode.
It is the movement of electrical particles in a certain sequence that becomes the reason for switching the device. I must say that this is especially convenient for devices with a motion sensor Finder, Legrand.
Application and Connection
Electronic devices with a built-in light sensor are used to organize and control automatic street lighting, exterior facade, driveway or household. Often, console lamps of the housing and communal services type are used with it, which are equipped with a protective glass and a special grille.
The device works on a very small microcircuit and transistors, also on the case most often given instructions on how to properly connect the device. We use a light control switch in order to demonstrate step by step how to install the device. Despite the outwardly small size, this device copes with the function of lighting courtyards, parks and gardens.
In the main photo relay for street lighting, it is recommended to install in the middle position. In order to install the switch with your own hands, you need to use a special bracket that fastens to the wall. The canopy is mounted directly in the photo relay with a screw. The installation location depends on the light, try to choose a site where nothing interferes with the sun fall onto the working surface of the device, otherwise, interference will begin on the photodiode, and the device will work wrong. Depending on the characteristics of the device, trees, furniture, curtains, etc., are not allowed in front of the photo relay.
The scheme of the photo relay and its principle of connecting to the network is most often shown on the box from the device, it is very convenient, you do not need to look for the one that suits your device specifically. Detailed instructionHow to connect the photo relay with your own hands:
- Three wires come out of the relay: brown, blue and red. Based on standard parameters and indicators, brown is a phase cable, red is a remote wire, it goes away like switching to a lamp, blue - zero (if you are developing a makeshift relay, then you need to consider these branching);
- In order for everything to connect correctly, it is necessary to connect the wires to the console lamp as a load, this is indicated by the designation of the circuit.
To check the correct connection, you need to turn on the starter in the network, and see if the spotlight or lamp works.
Relay installation and grounding
In the event that a TN-S or TN-C-S type grounding system is used in an apartment, house or on the street, the electrical circuit is powered by a three-wire cable from the network (phase wire, neutral, ground). But for connecting lamps with TN-C type wiring, the connection will differ only in that there is no PE conductor.
Adjustment is made according to the manufacturer's settings. Before connecting the lamp, be sure to check the passport, certificate and patent of the seller, so that later you do not have to make a major overhaul of the wiring in the apartment. It is advisable to install a separate machine on this controller in the switchboard (cabinet).
You can buy a photo relay in any electrical store, the price depends on the brand and area of operation (street - FR-601 IEK, FR-602, facades - FRSU-1-0 uhl 4.2, FRSU-2-0 and other types). The following models are most popular: FR-1 12 volt, UTFR-1M, CSM, LUNA 110 AL, TWS-1, TWS-1M, AWZ-30, ABB (ABB), LXP-01, DLS-1/50, AZH-S, AC-7, RFS-11, FB-2-16A (diap. 2-4 kW), LUX 2.
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