The name of this material is based on the Latin term bitumen – resin. It began to be used many thousands of years ago in the form of asphalt and other natural oil derivatives. Methods of application and production of artificial analogs of bitumen from oil distillation products, shale and coal tar were gradually improved.
Content:
- Types, application ↓
- Scope of individual brands ↓
- Advantages and disadvantages ↓
- Views ↓
- Solvent-based ↓
- Aquatic ↓
- Correct use and roofing ↓
- Surfacing roof ↓
- Mastic (bulk) ↓
- Mastic roofing by spraying ↓
- Consumption of materials ↓
The use of bitumen for waterproofing dates back to the 30s BC. Open reservoirs were covered with bitumen, the walls of granaries were insulated, the walls and floors of buildings were fastened.
Types, application
This material was widely developed after the 1960s. On the basis of resins, they began to produce already in the factory roofing materials. The sheet materials were covered with a layer of bitumen and rolled into rolls. This decision made it possible to significantly improve the quality of roofs and increase labor productivity in construction.
Types of mastics:
| Properties | On oxidized bitumen | On artificial rubber |
| Composition |
|
|
| Heat resistance | +80oC | Up to +100OWITH |
| Flexibility | 0OWITH | Up to 50OWITH |
| Elongation at break | 40% | 2000% |
The base of the mastic is bitumen. To increase the waterproofing properties, various polymer additives are introduced into it.
To obtain the desired viscosity of the composition, various fillers are introduced into mastics in the form of:
- crushed asbestos;
- chalk;
- peat crumbs;
- fine slag;
- wood flour;
Thus, a higher heat resistance, the ability to high adhesion to other materials and ease of application to the most difficult surfaces are achieved.
Mastics are divided into two classes - one-component and two-component. The latter differ in that before use, an additional component is introduced into them - a hardener - the composition takes on the main properties for some time after it is added.
What determines the use of cold bitumen mastics:
- Resistance to aggressive environment factors.
- Strength.
- Flexibility.
- Increased wear capacity.
- Ability to withstand temperature extremes.
- Ease of use.
Scope of individual brands
| Views | Applicability | |||||
| mastic | foundation | roof | gluing | underground commune. | anticorrosive | foundation preparation |
| MBU universal | Yes | |||||
| MBI insulating | Yes | Yes | ||||
| MBG waterproofing agent | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| Ready-made primer | Yes | Yes | Yes |
High adhesion of this type of materials, shock-absorbing properties and high strength of the applied layer, allow the use of bituminous mastics for anticorrosion treatment of bottoms cars.
In the climatic conditions of Russia, where roads are seasonally treated with aggressive substances and fine gravel fractions for a long time, bottom protection seems to be quite relevant. Bituminous mastics, especially with the addition of rubber, make it possible to solve this problem quite successfully.
Advantages and disadvantages
Of course, there are no perfect materials. With all the advantages of mastic, there are certain disadvantages.
Of the advantages of this material, it should be noted:
- The waterproofing coating is a continuous layer without seams and joints.
- Suitable for a wide variety of surfaces - steep, domed, spire. They are widely used in mines, drainage trays, on parapets.
- Ease of use when carrying out repair work on waterproofing coatings. It is allowed to carry out work without preliminary surface preparation.
- Mastic roofing material is many times lighter in comparison with any other types of roofing.
- Rubber-bitumen and bitumen-rubber coatings are resistant to cracking in the event of tensile forces associated with the shrinkage of buildings and structures, the opening of cracks during seasonal linear deformations.
Bituminous mastics are characterized by disadvantages:
- Weather dependence when carrying out work in the open air.
- Difficulty in controlling the thickness of the coating, especially in the process of covering inclined and domed surfaces.
The human factor is also of great importance. Understanding the properties of the material, the ability to properly prepare and apply it are not always inherent in the performers of work with the use of mastic.
Views
Solvent-based
These types of roofing materials are increasingly used due to their high manufacturability. They are delivered ready to use, just open the bucket and you can start working.
As the solvent evaporates, the layer of the applied material thickens, this takes time from 12 hours to a day. The material acquires its final properties within about 7 days.
The main purpose is to create a waterproofing layer on the roofs:
- Installation of mastic bituminous roofing and repair of all types of roofs.
- Bonding sheet roofing materials.
- Bonding of seams and fastening of shingles (shinglas).
- Application in places where the roofing carpet is attached to the base of the roof.
They differ from hot applications in terms of fire safety, less energy consumption of the process and higher productivity.
Unlike emulsion (water) mastics, they can be used at negative temperatures.
Aquatic
Such mastics do not possess toxicity, they are explosion-proof, inert in relation to fire. This allows them to be used in residential premises. They are characterized by a shorter drying time and a higher permeability to cracks and seams of structures. The emulsified surface is ready for further work in an hour.
A significant limitation of their use is the seasonality factor, such mastics cannot be used and stored at temperatures below +5OWITH.
Correct use and roofing
Using this material for roofing work can be done in several ways.
Surfacing roof
It is a woven fabric in rolls (fiberglass), used for the device of roofing carpet of various structures with the use of mastics. It is also used for insulation on hydraulic structures.
At the same time, modified mastics are used, called "artificial" rubber "or" artificial "plastic (atactic polypropylene).
The main properties of such a roof are:
- Elasticity and strength.
- Ability to withstand thermal and mechanical deformation.
- Tightness.
- Durability - the service life of such roofs is from 10 to 30 years.
The advantages of such a roof are obvious, but there are also disadvantages:
- Flammability.
- A significant number of joints.
- The quality depends on the complexity of the configuration.
Mastic (bulk)
This type of roofing is only used on flat roofs. On pitched structures, it is impossible to provide a uniform coverage. The surface of the roof must be carefully prepared before application, otherwise, the coating may turn out to be of poor quality or the costs may be much higher than expected.
The advantage of self-leveling roofs is their solidity, the absence of seams and joints.
Mastic roofing by spraying
Such a coating is one of the varieties of mastic roofing., became possible as a result of the emergence of new methods of applying mastic and the emergence of new materials of this type, primarily containing artificial rubber.
Consumption of materials
If you are going to make a roof using bituminous mastics, you need to inquire about the availability of the necessary materials in local markets. Having found a suitable composition, carefully study the instructions on the package. As a rule, there are given recommendations on the rate of its consumption per square meter of the roof. Based on this, the amount of coverage required should be calculated.
I would like to warn against buying obviously cheap materials. Perhaps their actual quality will be too far from what is declared in the instructions. In this case, its application will lead to significant cost overruns instead of savings.
Note that the quality of very important elements of a residential building depends on the correct choice.
Will you have to do the repairs every year or live by the "make and forget" principle?
Advice:
- Review online reviews to help cut down on searches by filtering out obvious outsiders.
- Be careful when choosing a manufacturer that is little known on the market for these products. Once again, the relative cheapness should rather alert than serve as a reason to buy. It is better to refer to well-known brands in this market.
Good luck in your endeavors.
