Wall insulation technology: step-by-step instructions, features of using foam, mineral wool, cork panels and plaster

To create a comfortable microclimate in a house or apartment, thermal insulation is mounted on the walls. Wall insulation technology provides for the installation of a protective material on internal or external surfaces, depending on the type of thermal insulation coating.

Condensation in the apartment

The technology of wall insulation from the inside of the room provides for installation vapor barrier layer. Failure to do so will result in condensation.

At low ambient temperatures, the wall cools down, while inside the room it is warm. When cold and hot air interact, moisture condenses and accumulates under the insulation.

When interacting with a humid environment, the properties of thermal insulation change. Some materials lose their characteristics. Fungus and mold develop in the fibers. The canvas is subject to rotting and quickly deteriorates, loses its properties.

During installation canvases from the outside condensation does not form inside the apartment. The area of ​​interaction between hot and cold air is shifted to the outside of the wall.

How to properly insulate brick walls

Brick wall insulation technology provides for the installation of a heat-insulating layer on the surface or with the help of additional lathing. Materials intended for insulation of brickwork are divided into several categories:

1. Plated. Produced by manufacturers as separate panels. They have sufficient strength to be attached to bricks with dowels and adhesive. Plates have different dimensions. The thickness of the panel is selected separately for each case, taking into account its characteristics.
2. Rolled. They have a less dense structure. The flexibility of the canvases allows them to be mounted on surfaces of complex geometric shapes without violating their integrity.
3. Loose. The technology of wall insulation in this way provides for the preparation of additional lathing. It is necessary to hold the bulk mass. A heat insulator is poured into the cavity of the lathing and the finish is mounted.
4. Liquid. They are a composition that adheres to the surface. After application, it dries up, forming a monolithic layer without cold bridges. For application, specialized equipment is used.

The installation method is selected separately for each case. The technology of insulation of brick walls involves the application of protective compounds to the surface. They prevent the formation of mold and mildew.

Features of using foam for wall insulation in an apartment

For wall insulation from the inside use foam. Manufacturers release it in the form of panels. The thickness of the slabs is different and is selected separately for each case. Internal wall insulation technology involves the use of 50mm thick foam. An increase in this indicator will lead to a loss of usable area.

Polyfoam has a number of advantages:

1. Low cost. Compared to other materials, the price of foam is lower.
2. Ease of installation. Polyfoam can be mounted on a surface or additional crate.
3. Good thermal insulation characteristics.

The disadvantages of foam include high fire hazard. The foam emits corrosive smoke when it burns.

No specialized education is required to install the foam. A person with minimal technical knowledge will cope with the task. According to the technology of brick wall insulation, the panels are fastened in the following sequence:

1. They clean the surface from dirt and treat it with an antifungal compound.
2. Apply glue to the wall. A specialized mortar or mixture for ceramic tiles is used.
3. Panels are mounted. The sheets are installed with an offset of the seams.
4. The panels are fixed with dowels. To prevent the slab from being pushed through at the attachment point, dowels with a wide head are used. 5 dowels are installed on 1 m² - 4 in the corners and 1 in the center.
5. Seal the seams with polyurethane foam. This eliminates the formation of cold bridges.
6. Cut off the remains of polyurethane foam. Trimming is carried out with a knife with replaceable blades.
7. A layer of waterproofing is fixed.
8. Fitting the finish.

The decoration method is selected by the owner of the room separately for each case. When applying decorative plaster, a reinforcing mesh is used. It makes the surface resistant to mechanical damage.

Errors and nuances of house insulation with polystyrene foam can also be learned from the video.

Wall insulation with mineral wool

Manufacturers supply the material in panels or rolls. The low degree of thermal conductivity of the material is due to the interlacing of the fibers. This structure provides high noise insulation properties and the ability to transmit steam. Cotton wool is resistant to humid environments. Advantages of mineral wool:

1. Soundproofing. The canvas prevents the passage of noise.
2. Fire safety. The material does not ignite when exposed to an open flame or high temperature.
3. Resistant to decay. No fungus or mold appears in mineral wool.
4. Environmental friendliness. During operation, no harmful substances are released.
5. Ease of installation.

The material is irritating when it gets on exposed skin and into the respiratory tract. When working with mineral wool, use personal protective equipment (gloves, respirator, etc.).

Mineral wool insulation technology provides for the installation of the material in the following order:

1. Treat the surface with soil. Antifungal fluids are selected.
2. Equip an additional crate. The technology of wall insulation with mineral wool involves the manufacture of lathing from a metal profile or a wooden bar.
3. Fasten mineral wool to the battens.
4. Install finishing materials. For internal work, drywall is attached to the crate. On the outside of the walls, the finishing material is siding, plastic, etc.

If mineral wool is used in the panels, the installation technology is different. Plates are fixed to the surface without additional lathing with dowels with a wide head.

Features of using the plaster layer in wall insulation

Wall insulation technology involves the use of plaster. It is used as a finishing layer. Plaster improves the thermal insulation of the walls. Plastering is possible on various thermal insulation materials.

To improve the strength of the surface, the plaster is reinforced with a mesh. The work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Throw in the first layer of the solution (manually or with a specialized machine). Its thickness is about 1 cm.
2. Reinforcing mesh is glued. The mesh is fastened until the solution solidifies.
3. Throw in a second layer of solution 3 cm thick.
4. Wait for the solution to solidify.
5. Putty the plaster with a finishing compound. The solution is made from the constituents of the fine fraction. The fine filler is sieved through a sieve. It is possible to use ready-made mixtures.

According to the technology, paint and varnish or other finishing materials are applied to the plastered surfaces.

Insulation of concrete walls

Unlike brick structures, there are no seams on the concrete surface. To improve the adhesive properties, a specialized primer is applied. The thermal conductivity of a concrete structure is reduced using the following materials:

1. Styrofoam. Supplied in slabs of various thicknesses.
2. Extruded expanded polystyrene. In its structure, it has a large number of air bubbles that impede the passage of heat and sound.
3. Foamed polyethylene. It is produced in the form of a two-layer fabric. Foamed polyethylene is fitted with aluminum foil.
4. Mineral, basalt or stone wool. Insulation technology involves the use of woven fabrics. Cotton wool is resistant to high temperatures.
5. Ecowool. Loose insulation. Manufacturers make ecowool from cellulose fibers. Application in the production of waste paper makes ecowool affordable.
6. Liquid polyurethane foam. Forms a monolithic layer without cold bridges. Installation technology provides for the use of specialized equipment.

Fasteners are selected separately for each case, depending on the thermal insulation material used.

Insulation of walls with cork panels

Cork panels have high thermal insulation properties and strength characteristics. Their size is 0.5-1m. The tube has a honeycomb structure. This provides reliable thermal insulation.

According to the technology, specialized glue is used for fixing. It is applied to a panel or base. The method for preparing the glue differs depending on the brand. Before use, read the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.

The panels are glued in the joint. To avoid the formation of cold bridges, the seams are filled with a sealing compound.

Wall insulation technology involves the use of various materials. The installation method depends on the characteristics of the canvas and is selected individually for each case. Compliance with the installation instructions will make the microclimate in the room comfortable at different ambient temperatures.

Did you insulate the walls with your own hands? What kind of insulating layer was used in this case? Leave comments and share the article on social networks, save it to bookmarks.

The video below will discuss the insulation of the walls of a frame house according to SNiP.