During construction and renovation work, a drill is often used. When working intensively with this tool, it is not uncommon for the bit or drill to loosen or fall out. In most cases, the situation can be corrected by pulling the chuck. If this does not solve the problem and the drill continues to fall out, the drill chuck needs to be replaced or repaired.
Content
- Varieties of the cartridge
- Reasons for replacement
- Self dismantling
- Mechanism repair
Varieties of the cartridge
One of the main parts in the construction of a drill, hammer drill or screwdriver is the chuck. A drill, bit and other working devices are attached in it between several parts called cams. Based on the design of the cam mechanism, the drill chuck can be keyless or key. In the first type, the drill is fixed by hand after applying a little force.
The key mechanism requires the use of a special key. The body of such a cartridge contains:
- Collet. Hardened cylindrical bushing with a cavity inside.
- Adjusting collar. It is mounted on the outside of the collet and can be rotated.
On one edge of the sleeve there are steel petals that allow you to install a drill, reamer, tap. The rotating clip makes them move along the guides. Depending on the direction of movement, the petals either approach or move away from each other, clamping or releasing the device installed in them. To ensure the most rigid fixation of the drill, a special key or coupling is used.
Reasons for replacement
The main function of the clamping mechanism is to ensure maximum precision in the process of drilling holes. As the drill is used, the seats and steel cams wear out. This is evidenced by the following signs:
- The cartridge flies off the shaft.
- The axis of rotation is shifted during drilling.
- The drill is not fixed or can not be removed.
Each of these situations is unsafe, so if it occurs, stop working with the drill and repair or change the chuck.
The drill has a special threaded short-step mount that holds the clamping mechanism. It is complemented by a left-hand threaded screw located in the outer end of the shaft and acting as a control lock. For reliable fastening of parts when assembling drills in production, all joints are processed a sealing compound that serves as an adhesive layer and protects the metal from corrosion and oxidation after exposure to moisture. This must be taken into account before disassembling the chuck from the drill.
Self dismantling
To repair or replace a part, you must correctly remove it from the structure. To do this, you will need to move the cam locks apart (as far as possible) and unscrew the screw of the main mount. Due to the action of centrifugal force or due to the lack of sealant on the threads, it can be very securely fixed in the mounting hole, therefore, during the dismantling process, you will need to attach large efforts.
This screw is cross-slotted, so disassembly is best done with a similar type of screwdriver. The use of an impact power screwdriver can break the splines. In this case, additional replacement of the gearbox shaft is required. To remove the chuck from the thread, the shaft must be prevented from rotating. To do this, during twisting, the shaft should be held in a stationary position. with an adjustable wrench.
Another method of locking is by hand holding the gears from turning. To do this, you first need to remove the gearbox cover. If the chuck is of a key type, then to stabilize the shaft, it will be enough to insert the key into the hole and set it motionless.
In some models of drills, the connection does not use a thread, but a Morse taper. In this case, after unscrewing the fastening screw, you will need to position the drill vertically with a vise so that the chuck is at the bottom. Then knock it out of the bore holeusing a rubber or wooden mallet. In this case, it is imperative to use an open-end wrench as a gasket. Hit carefully to avoid damaging the body and main parts of the drill.
Mechanism repair
After the clamping part is removed from the drill, it is necessary to determine if it needs to be repaired. If molded plastic and expanded metal were used for its manufacture, its disassembly will lead to a violation of the basic properties of materials and dynamic characteristics. The use of such a mechanism will be impossible in the future. If the cartridge turns out to be collapsible, you can try to repair it yourself. The recovery process will depend on the nature of the problem.
Vibrations during drilling or sliding off the axle indicate that the fastening screw has broken. It can occur as a result of sudden impacts or lateral loads. To solve the problem, you will have to drill out the broken hardware and replace it with a new one.
Another common problem - jamming of the clamping jaws - can happen due to the use of drills of too large a diameter that does not match the size of the hole in the chuck. Excessive use of lubricant can also lead to this. Large amounts of dust and debris from drilling will adhere to the lubricant and heavily clog the mechanism.
Thorough cleaning of the parts will correct the situation. However, the use of a cleaned chuck will be possible if the threads inside it are intact. Otherwise, a replacement part will be required. To avoid clogging of the cam structure in the future, the use of special protection, which is put on the drill and prevents dust from getting inside, will help.
The assembly of the structure after completion of the repair should be carried out in the reverse order. In this case, special attention must be paid to how reliably the driving element is fixed in the conical recess of the cartridge. The final fixation can be carried out if their longitudinal axes completely coincide.
The joints of the parts must be sealed with a sealant. It is allowed to use the drill after it is completely dry. This will take about 10-12 hours.
If the problem persists while using the device, it means that the repair or installation was carried out with errors. To eliminate them, you will have to re-dismantle the device.
