Supply ventilation: air saturation with oxygen, methods of application, types of systems

The construction of a residential building is carried out according to a project that includes, among other things, the ventilation of all premises. The ventilation system is arranged naturally - by drawing air from each apartment through ventilation ducts built along the height of the building. In this version, thrust is created due to the difference in the elevation of the horizons of the roof and the surface of the earth. In this case, it is assumed that the replenishment of the premises with fresh air occurs through the vents and open windows, and in winter - through the cracks of doors and window openings.

This principle, with the widespread transition to plastic windows and sealed doors, stopped working, and air exchange in apartments naturally became ineffective. Now, to create comfortable conditions, a supply ventilation device is required. What it is and what is the composition of the necessary equipment, you need to know in order to make the air in living quarters fresh.

The need for a device in the apartment

Typical developments, formed in previous years, involve the organization in multi-storey buildings only exhaust ventilation, and the air flow into the apartment should be natural - through transoms, windows and doors. But the supply ventilation performed in this way opens the way to the room not only for external oxygen, but also for dust, noise, cold (heat). If you keep the windows closed, ventilation will be poor, which means:

• stale air in all rooms;
• smells from the kitchen around the apartment;
• high humidity in the bathroom and toilet;
• sweating of windows and mold.

But the main trouble is oxygen starvation in winter, and when keeping animals, also wool, pile, capable of causing allergic reactions in residents. Especially necessary is forced ventilation in an apartment with double or triple glass units - they reliably block the flow of outside air.

Types and designs of supply ventilation systems

For use in apartments, the most common are compact supply systems. They have small dimensions, an affordable price and an area coverage of up to 45 sq. m, which is quite enough for an apartment with an average family of three. Such systems are equipped with filters, and some models are equipped with air heating. For country cottages and large apartments, full-fledged supply and exhaust ventilation systems are better suited, but they cost much more and take up more space. Their advantages:

• Forced air supply and exhaust are provided.
• The streams are evenly distributed over all rooms.
• A favorable microclimate is created - filtration, heating and, if necessary, increasing humidity.
• Automatic regulation of the preset parameters of the atmosphere of the apartment.

Depending on the size of the system, it is mounted on the floor or hung on the wall. Installed power of electrical equipment 1.6 - 5.0 kWso it won't be cheap to operate.

Compact air supply and purification systems

This is the most widely used method of supplying external oxygen to the interior of the apartment. Devices according to the complexity of execution and functionality are divided into 3 groups:

1. Valves - play the role of cracks in the natural ventilation system and are divided into wall and window. Air flow regulation is carried out manually, filtration is simple - from insects, there is no heating, the temperature of the fresh jet corresponds to the weather outside the apartment. The colder it is outside, the more efficiently the valve works. The valves built into the upper transom of the window are still operated by means of wind energy in many social institutions - schools and hospitals. Improved designs are equipped with a fan, inserting it into the same window.
2. Mechanical ventilators - fans of various capacities built into the outer wall, with their help regulate the forced supply of fresh air into the room. In modern versions, the devices are equipped with a filter system and equipped with a remote control. Some models are equipped with heat recovery heaters.
3. Breathers - small-sized ventilation units that provide an inflow of clean and, if necessary, heated air. The devices are intended for long-term operation in apartments, cottages, office premises. The structure includes: an air intake connected to the outdoor atmosphere through a pipe laid through the load-bearing wall, and a treatment plant. When the product is turned off, the aerial lock electric drive is triggered - it closes the air intake channel.

When installing each of the listed devices, excluding the valves in the window, you will need to punch a hole in the outer wall, which is quite difficult to do and you will need a special tool. Therefore, before starting work, you need to think over the ventilation scheme, select equipment, and only then drill the partition.

Outdoor air injection device brands

To create comfortable conditions in the apartment, it is required to supply 3 m³ of oxygen-enriched air, free from dust and gases, per 1 m² of area. The standard for providing one person is 30 m3 / hour. Regulations are established for each of the premises:

• bathroom - 25;
• combined bathroom - 50;
• kitchen with electric stove - 60;
• the same, with gas burners - 90 m3 / h.

Based on these indicators supply ventilation in the apartment is being designed. The characteristics of some ventilation devices are indicated in the table.

Device	Productivity, m3 / hour	Heating, kW	Fan, W	Room area, m2	Other
New-Air valve	20―25	―	―	15	―
Air-box Comfort valve	30―40	―	―	30	350 x 42 x 8 mm
Ventilator Vents Twin Fresh RA-50	25 ― 5 0	―	1,4―3,0	40	―
Brizart 350	350	1,2―4,8	105	50―75	Weight 25 kg
Brizart 500	500	1,2―4,8	160	70―100	Weight 25 kg

Installation of supply ventilation in an apartment does not always completely remove the problem of ventilation: a public mine for removing exhaust air often does not cope with its task. Therefore, it is customary to install an extractor hood in the kitchen, and a fan in the bathroom connected to the ventilation system of the house.