220 V halogen incandescent lamps: description of the device, types, characteristics of bulbs for the home

Modern owners of private cottages and apartment buildings began to pay more attention to the durability and efficiency of lighting fixtures. This is an example of 220 V halogen incandescent lamps. They are distinguished by a long service life, high luminous efficiency and a variety of shapes. All these qualities make them very popular for residential applications.

Principle of operation

Halogen bulbs replaced simple incandescent bulbs. According to the principle of operation, they are no different. The usual model consists of a large flask made of frosted or clear glass. It is filled with a gas mixture inside. For this, argon or nitrogen is used, sometimes they are combined.

A tungsten filament placed in a bulb allows an electric current to pass through and heats up to 2500^OWITH. Because of this, the element burns out over time and even explodes. Thanks to the incandescence, a glow is created. Tungsten, like any white metal, glows white when heated. However, the bulb tends to make the glow warmer or colder.

A standard incandescent lamp consumes a lot of heat on electricity, and it takes about twice as much as light. Halogen bulbs are also equipped with a tungsten filament, but their bulb is made of quartz and is smaller. In this case, a simple glass placed close to the filament begins to melt. Quartz reacts differently, it increases the resistance of the bulb to high temperatures.

There are also differences in the filling of the flask. The halogen does not use nitrogen or argon. For this, a special substance with tungsten evaporation was developed.

Thanks to it, a halogen vapor of a gaseous state is formed. Such filling does not allow to settle on the surface, so everything disappears without a trace. All these properties increase the service life of such a light source.

The universal gas mixture lowers the incandescence temperature of the main element. When using halogen, the thread reduces heat transfer to the space by 1.5 times. This principle of operation significantly reduces the cost of electricity consumption.

Varieties of halogen

There are many types of halogen bulbs. They are conventionally divided into two groups: low-voltage up to 20 V and high-voltage with a mains voltage of 220 V. Such lighting fixtures also differ in their purpose and design.

Linear halogens are distinguished among the main types. This is the oldest type of light bulb, created in the 60s of the XX century. It looks like a quartz tube for output from both sides. Special wire brackets support the filament. The products are small in size, but they are a rather powerful light source - 1-20 kW. High brightness and high power consumption limit its use. It is mainly used in floodlights. Modern options are used to create indoor lighting. They have increased impact resistance.

Bulbs with an external bulb (mains voltage) are intended for direct replacement of conventional incandescent bulbs. The base in such devices is the most standard, which does not require special lamps for their use. Inside the bulb is a linear or miniature halogen bulb with a voltage of 220 V. In size and shape, it is very similar to the bulb of a traditional incandescent light bulb. They are:

• transparent;
• matte;
• dairy.

They also produce mains voltage light bulbs with glass that absorbs ultraviolet radiation.

This kind of light source has better color rendering and compact size. Bulbs with an outer bulb are produced in a decorative, hexagonal and candle-shaped form. The service life of such devices depends on the parameters of the voltage source.

Halogen reflector lamps are manufactured in standard sizes. They are distinguished by different angles of radiation. The device includes a special reflector and a miniature flask. The reflector performs the function of redistributing the light flux of the bulb in space. The lamp itself is located in its central part. There are many types of reflectors, but aluminum ones are considered relevant, directing heat forward. They are also produced with the heat directed backward, with the application of a special translucent coating. Produced products of the latter type with infrared radiation are considered the most economical and durable.

Capsule or finger halogens are miniature in size. They look like a small capsule with leads. They are produced with longitudinal and transverse heating bodies. They are used in open-type luminaires without protective glasses. They are mainly used for ceilings and built-in furniture, as decorative lighting.

Advantages and disadvantages

With the advent of such lighting devices, it became possible to create various options for lighting rooms. Besides, they have many positive qualities, including:

• the service life and brightness of lighting in them is much higher than that of simple incandescent lamps, and in terms of the amount of power consumption and the direction of the luminous flux, they are out of competition;
• it is ideal for outdoor floodlights and, when fully sealed, they are not afraid of drops temperature, precipitation, models are more economical by 20%, capable of illuminating large areas of open space;
• great for shop windows, as the spot focus setting is enough to attract attention of buyers, the colors become more saturated, when reading the eye crystal is less tenses.

In addition to positive qualities, halogen-based lighting fixtures for home use have negative aspects. These include:

• high price;
• voltage drops are often disabled;
• bright white lighting hits the eyes hard, which is not like everyone, for example, children;
• unsuitable option for wet rooms - saunas, baths, bathrooms, because they often explode in high humidity conditions;
• the capsules contain dangerous gas, which, when released, leads to headaches and dizziness;
• the base with fragments of light bulbs cannot be thrown away, since disposal is required, which is carried out by special companies, and can only be thrown into containers for chemical waste;
• when installing, wear cotton gloves to protect the surface of the product from contact with the skin of your hands.

Any device has its pros and cons, so it is advisable to familiarize yourself with them before buying. This will help you make the right choice and use a halogen bulb for longer at home.

Features of operation

The main and undeniable rule for normal and long-term use: halogen lamps for the home are incompatible with fat. Products react negatively not only to thick fat drops.

Even after washing your hands thoroughly, micro-particles, for example, from butter, remain on the skin. They continue to remain on the skin surface and, after contact with the halogen, are baked on the flask under the influence of increased temperature. After that, a change in physical properties occurs in its local part. The coefficient of expansion changes, the bulb cracks, and the product becomes unusable.

It is necessary to use lighting devices only with the base indicated in the instructions for the luminaire. If capsule bulbs are used, then they must be taken by the reflector, and it is best to perform such actions with gloves. If direct contact has occurred, then it is necessary to treat the surface of the flask with alcohol to degrease it. It will dry completely after about 30 minutes and only then can it be installed.

Halogen lamps are very effective, but also capricious, so it is advisable to work with them with gloves. It is enough to take them out of the cartridge once every six months and wipe the legs from carbon deposits with alcohol, and clean the glass from dust. It is advisable to treat the holes in the cartridges from the accumulated carbon deposits. All these measures will help to extend the life of halogen lamps and spend less money on their purchase.