Replacing and installing new electrical wiring in the house or in the country is a laborious task that requires a lot of time and effort. Depending on the location of the building, the conditions of its use and the preferences of the owners, the work on laying the power cable can be done in different ways. But with any of them, the wire must be properly protected and not pose a danger to residents.
Content
- Laying methods
- Cable in trenches
- Use of corrugation and pipes
Laying methods
Power cable routing depends on the type of wiring and the material of the room. The open method is used if there are no other options, for example, in a wooden house, when hidden wiring cannot be done. In this case, the wires are fixed to the walls using clips or clamps. It is also possible to make retro-style wiring with stranded wire with insulator mounts. Skillfully done work will look impressive and modern. Wiring on the plinth, in which special channels are equipped, also looks good.
Concealed wiring, in which the wires are hidden under plaster, is the most popular method and is usually performed in city apartments. In floor installations, the cables are laid in a pipe and cast in concrete. The air method involves laying along supports and masts.
Places are chosen for laying the track under waterthat are not subject to blur. When underwater obstacles are found, trenches or passages are made.
Wires that must cross streams and ditches are inserted into pipes and buried in the ground. Sometimes cables run underwater without pipes, in this case they must be rubber insulated and lead sheathed. If it is necessary to cross rivers with fast currents, then double armored cables are used. In the North, where the permafrost is permafrost, trenches are dug in sandy or rocky soils. If there are none, an aluminum-insulated wire is used.
In hilly areas, where landslides are often observed, trenches are not digged in the ground, but elevated canals and underground trays are made with a waterproof coating. With a large number of cables, the wiring is carried out on reinforced concrete racks.
Cable in trenches
Laying cables in trenches is the most economical method compared to others. The advantage of this method is that the wiring is well protected from damage during natural precipitation and falling trees during strong winds. Electric cables underground are not affected by electromagnetic waves from neighboring wires, railway signaling and other overhead communications.
Electrical engineers believe that trench wires should be made of durable material with armor protection and additional insulation. For example, their laying under the ground at their summer cottage will look like this:
- First, a project is prepared with an indication of all lamps, switches, sockets. It is better if the project is reviewed and approved by a specialist.
- Work begins with digging a trench into which a 10 cm thick sand cushion is poured, and wires are laid to a depth of 70 cm. Their ends lead to the place of installation of electrical equipment and connection to the network.
- Then the installation of lamps, sockets and switches is carried out. All equipment is located in places inaccessible to atmospheric precipitation.
- Now you can install the automatic protection and connect to the power supply. The trench is buried after all the connected communications are working.
- The wire is covered with sand and covered with bricks, tiles or other material.
The site of the house can be equipped with ground and suspended lighting devices with diffused and directional light. Soft diffusing light from the shades of ground lamps will decorate the garden paths.
To conduct light to certain places in the garden, you can purchase a ready-made kit designed to be plugged into an outlet, which must be protected by a canopy from snow and rain.
Use of corrugation and pipes
For installation of wiring on the floor, ceiling or wall, corrugation is used. The cable laying in it can be done both hidden and open. Corrugated pipes are called corrugated pipes. made of polyvinyl chloride or metal, inside which there is a metal wire. With its help, the cable is pulled inside the pipe. Today, corrugations are mainly used for indoor applications due to their light weight and self-extinguishing ability in the event of a short circuit fire.
Corrugated pipes are suitable for any type of cable. PVC corrugation is used only indoors, as this material does not tolerate solar radiation, humidity and temperature extremes. The laying of the cable in the pipes must be done together. To do this, first, a piece of wire is pulled out of the corrugation. Then you need to make a hole in the wire winding and thread the wire through it.
The pipe is aligned with one person holding the end while the other pulls the cable while pulling the wire. After that, the cable is attached to the corrugation with electrical tape and fixed to the wall using special clamps. This method is usually used when installing suspended ceilings.
If there is high humidity or a sharp change in temperature in the room, wire laying in pipes is used. This type of installation is intended for:
- baths;
- basements;
- unheated garages;
- production workshops.
This method is also used in industrial buildings, where the air is oversaturated with corrosive gases and vapors, and there is also a risk of fire in the wiring. To lay the cable outside buildings, plastic and steel pipes are taken to protect the wiring from precipitation and various damage. In private houses, the cable can be laid under plaster or at the top of the wall. The pipes are connected by welding and couplings. In places where pipes are turned, bends on the thread are used.
