Sizes of spotlights for home, typical LED luminaire

Very high quality white light is needed to illuminate living quarters. White LED bulbs have a longer lifespan and higher efficiency than most others traditional lamps, and the dimensions of the spotlights are so compact and versatile that they create a unique lighting design premises.

Light Emitting Diodes

An LED is a small semiconductor device. The diodes are enclosed in a plastic lamp that emits light in a specific direction. There is no filament in it, as in traditional and fluorescent lampsand it does not lose heat like conventional light bulbs do.

While an incandescent light bulb is a simple wire circuit in a glass body, an LED light bulb houses a small electrical circuit board called a driver. This is what maintains a constant electric current for the lamp. The diode emits light due to the "pn junction", which is formed by a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor. The connection between these two types of semiconductors is known as "pn junction". These compounds are the backbone of every semiconductor electronic device.

Electrons from n-type semiconductors are simply coupled to carriers in a p-type semiconductor. The flow of electricity is unidirectional, the transition is possible only from n to p, and not vice versa. Electrons change their orbit, moving from a higher orbit to a lower one - when they do, they automatically lose energy in the form of light. The more energy is lost, the more powerful the photons of light.

The color emitted by an LED depends on the lamp material as well as the current passing through it.. Semiconductor materials are designed in such a way that they allow you to regulate the amount of electricity that passes through them, and this automatically changes the color of the light. Then the LED starts producing light. This phenomenon is known as "electroluminescence" and differs from any other light emission in that it does not produce heat.

Although LEDs are much more efficient and are made from recyclable materials, the complexity of their manufacture makes them much more expensive than traditional incandescent bulbs. However, this drawback is more than offset by the savings from a long service life, which is multiples of the operating time of traditional lamps.

Types of spotlights:

• Chandelier;
• ceiling lamp;
• Wall Light;
• built-in lamps;
• floor lamp;
• table lamp.

Design of spotlights

LEDs are specially designed to replace compact fluorescent light bulbs or classic incandescent light bulbs.

General purpose LEDs emit light in a small band of wavelengths. In order to emit white light, LEDs use two design options: they either phosphor, converting part of the light into other colors, or mixing light from green, red and blue LEDs.

The first method is that LEDs are combined with a phosphor to obtain additional colors from a single LED. Some of the light from the LED is absorbed by the phosphor molecules, causing them to fluoresce by emitting light of a different color through an effect called Stokes shift.

The most common method is to combine a blue LED with a yellow phosphor to create a narrow a range of blue wavelengths and a wide band of "yellow" wavelengths virtually covering the entire spectrum from green to red.

The CRI can range from 70 to 90, although a wide range of commercial LEDs of this type have a CRI of about 82. They are commonly used in living rooms, kitchens and bathrooms, as well as to illuminate the space above furniture. Some are also for outdoor use, and most offer bichromatic or polychromatic light instead of traditional monochromatic light.

LEDs typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins, and high power industrial lamps are often equipped with cooling fans. Instead of increasing the current level, the brightness is usually increased by combining several LEDs into one lamp.

The aluminum shell makes the lamp very lightweight and easy to use and install. The optimum operating temperature varies depending on the type of LED. High power lamps work well in environments with temperatures between -40 and + 70 degrees Celsius.

LED driver

LED chips require adjustable DC power, appropriate circuitry and LED driver to convert AC to DC. LED drivers are essential components of LED lamps or luminaires. A quality LED driver can ensure a long lifespan of the LED system and provide additional functions such as dimming and control.

LED drivers are installed inside a lamp or luminaire, which is called internal or external - external. According to the purpose of different applications, different kinds of LED drivers are used, for example, an external driver for street lighting, internal spot driver for space illumination and built-in line driver for panel illumination management.

Installation of LED luminaires

Installing LED recessed lamps is a very simple process. Before starting work, you need to completely disconnect voltage in the lighting circuit and check its absence with a tester.

Luminaire installation procedure:

• Step 1. Security. For safety reasons, it is proposed to place the junction box in an easy access area, which implies not only convenient for access a room such as an insulated attic or garage, but also a place where drywall won't cover the box, for later repair.
• Step 2. Preparation. As soon as the main voltage in the house is turned off, carefully trace the future wiring through the drywall so as not to damage the existing wires.
• Step 3. Fix the junction box of the luminaire with an electric cable. Then, using wire connectors, connect the wires of the lamp to the wires of the in-house wiring. Pay attention to the color of the wires and the ground wire. Then connect the corresponding wires from the lamp to the home lighting network. Fasten the electrical cable to the junction box of the instrument with a cable clamp. Insert the wires into the box and secure the cover.
• Step 4. After pushing the wires into the box, secure the lid, carefully rotate the lamp fixture until the mounting tabs engage with the body. Next, you need to check the presence of voltage in the network, turn on and adjust the lamp.

The advantages of diode lamps

The technology used to make LEDs is improving rapidly, with more efficient LEDs being released on the market every day. and economical LED bulbs.

A typical LED luminaire uses at least 60 separate LEDs for mains power and has the following advantages:

1. Increased strength.
2. Reliability.
3. Compact dimensions.
4. Low energy consumption.
5. A wide range of colors, from cool white to warm.
6. Environmental friendliness. Does not contain mercury.
7. Energy saving.
8. The presence of a thermal management system.
9. Duration of work. It ranges from 30,000 to 50,000 hours, as a rule, incandescent lamps have a lifespan of no more than 1000 hours, while fluorescent lamps have a lifespan of about 8000 hours.

Popular lamps

Spotlight sizes suitable for GU10 fittings with 5 year warranty:

1. LED Lightwell LUX TM - 4W GU10 non-dimmable luminaire available in both cool and warm white colors. Dimensions 50 × 57 mm.
2. 60 SMD Glass Covered - 4.5W GU10 LED Bulb. Designed to be used as a 50W direct lamp GU10 LED is one of the best selling LEDs. With a wide beam angle of 120 degrees, this LED provides maximum illumination with minimum power. Dimensions 50 × 56 mm.
3. Superior COBTM LED Light - 6W GU10 COB. Now available in natural white, the LightRabbit's Superior COBTM - 6W GU10 COB LED Spotlight has been designed to replace the traditional 60W bulb. This LED is designed to match standard turns and GU10 wiring. Dimensions 50 × 58 mm.
4. Budget COB XTRA TM - 7W High Powered GU10 COB LED Spotlight Replacement for traditional 75W lamp, 50,000 hours lifespan and 60 degree wide angle is a high quality LED. Dimensions 50 × 58 mm.
5. OSRAM lamps with GU10 base. LED consists of three high quality and durable LED floodlights with GU10 base. The luminaires have an adjustable head and are particularly easy to install, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. Matching OSRAM LED lamps are supplied with a power consumption of 3 W, a luminous flux of 230 lumens (equivalent to a 35 W halogen lamp) and a beam angle of 120. Especially easy installation. Ideal for ceilings in kitchens, living rooms or corridors.
6. The new TheLeda S motion detector is ideal for outdoor applications such as awnings and building entrances. The built-in lens has sophisticated mirror optics for PIR detectors. The 180 rotating LED module allows the use of lighting on walls, facades, and for creating wall mosaic effects. The area of ​​use can be limited to 180 degrees. It has an adjustable dimming level function. High luminous efficacy - module with 10W and 840 lumens. Longer service life - 50,000 operating hours thanks to optimized thermal conductivity through integrated aluminum cooling elements.

Types of lamps for different rooms

If a user decides to implement an LED lighting system in their home, then it is important to choose the type of lamp that best suits their needs. Here are the most common types of lamps and their mounting locations:

1. Diffused LEDs are suitable for porches, rooms and corridors.
2. Track Lighting emits very little heat, is 90% more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs, and is ideal for sub-caliber lighting.
3. The LED Dimmable Globe are ideal for washrooms and they are 100 to 10% dimmable and typically consume no more than 10 watts of power.
4. Flame Type LEDs - Just as their name suggests, these LEDs are ideal for chandeliers because the light is not scattered downwards.
5. LEDs that are available in 8 and 16 watts. They are commonly used in commercial buildings because they generate a lot of light, however, they can be used for large rooms in residential buildings as well.

The choice of LED lamps for the home

Before choosing them for home use, several factors must be considered:

1. Calculated brightness. Lumen is a unit of measure when comparing brightness between bulbs - the higher the lumens, the brighter the light.
2. The type of light is another important parameter: whether you need cool white light (suitable for general lighting) or perhaps you need warm light that is used to complement different areas of the house. On the other hand, they can be either standard or dimmable. The latter are ideal for setting up a pleasant spatial light, as they allow you to adjust the amount of light in the room to the desired amount.
3. Certification. Another important point is that he always gets acquainted with the certificates when buying (especially if you buy a large quantity), and be sure to buy them from reliable sellers, otherwise they may exit prematurely with building. If it is too cheap, chances are that it is of poor quality and short-lived.

LED lightening using LEDs has a significant advantage over traditional lighting in helping to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, conserve energy and improve the quality of life in cities. New developments and research by scientists confirm the prospects for further progress in this extremely important technology on the path to sustainable development of mankind.