Types and types of schemes: what they are, differences between types and types, how to read them

All sorts of devices and devices are used more and more. Sometimes they are complex, and in order to assemble everything correctly, and then also repair it, you need a document explaining how everything works and interacts with each other. For this purpose, schemes are drawn up. There are different types and types of schemes, and each of them carries its own information.

The information contained in the diagrams

A diagram is a document, in it information is presented graphically about the product in the form of symbols. Such information helps to manufacture and operate the device, perform preventive maintenance, find faults and repair them. Although there are many branches of production, processing and consumption, they mostly use the same type of schemes. This is possible thanks to uniform standards.

Schemes can be drawn up both on paper and in electronic form. What are the characteristics of the classification of species -

depends on the activity: for example, electrical and optical. The schemes are divided according to the principle of composition and connection: hydraulic, gas, division, and each type is assigned its own letter code:

Main types

There are not so many such types of schemes. They mainly cover specific areabut can be used by various industries:

• B - vacuum. In this type, devices and devices are used that work or produce a vacuum;
• G - hydraulic. A liquid is used, not necessarily water.
• E - divisions. The main part is divided into components. For example, radiation is broken down into visible and invisible spectral regions. Also used to determine the composition of a product;
• K is kinematic. Connection of mechanical parts and their connections;
• L - optical. To display optical communication when working with a light beam;
• P - pneumatic. Shows the constituent parts of a product operating in air;
• P - energy. The interconnection of energy devices or their components;
• C - combined. Different types are used to compose a complete picture;
• X - gas. Gas related devices (propane, butane, etc.) ), but not with air;
• E - electric. Electric devices.

Classification by type

Every kind divided into types depending on the purpose for which it is drawn up. Unlike species, types encoded in numbers:

• 1 - structural. Shows the relationship between functional parts. For example, a computer consists of: a power supply, a motherboard, a hard drive, and a drive. Each device has its own rectangle, and what is connected to what is shown with the help of lines;
• 2 - functional. Shows the communication within the functional unit. In the same power supply, you can schematically show the connection between a transformer, a rectifier, a control element;
• 3 - principal (complete). Shows all the elements included in the device and how they interact;
• 4 - connections. Explains how functional devices communicate. In a computer, this is the connection of individual devices using wires and cables;
• 5 - connections. Explains graphically how the device connects;
• 6 - general. Explains how the individual parts of the complex interact;
• 7 - location. Helps to get an idea of ​​the location of the parts relative to each other. This can be, for example, a photograph of the motherboard;
• 0 - merged. Includes several types of one type.

What exactly can be learned from the diagram will help to understand a more detailed consideration of several types of electrical circuits.

Examples of electrical circuits

There are two similar types - energy and electrical. The former are associated with the production and transmission of electricity to consumers, the latter are related to energy consumers.

This type fully explains the operation of an electrical appliance or device and has an E3 code. Symbols are drawn on a sheet of paper or electronically. It can be both radio components, for example: resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc., and devices: fans, transformers, speakers.

Each of them is assigned its own serial number, and only for its own group. Let's say the resistors are numbered, in the diagram they are denoted by the letter R. The designation starts at the top-left corner downward and goes to the right. The numbers 1,2 are substituted for this letter, etc. In the same diagram, the capacitors, which are designated with the letter C, are also assigned their numbers starting with 1 and in the same order.

Some complex devices may have multiple numbers. If there are several relays, then each is assigned its own number, and their contacts are first coded by the relay number, and then by their own. Let's say the second pair of contacts of relay No. 1 is shown, then 1.2 will stand next to them. For the first pair of contacts of relay No. 2, the code will be 2.1.

For readability, devices that are not on the board are still displayed in the general figure, but are enclosed by a dashed line. If a device or part of it is near the edge of the drawing, then it can be brought out of the bounds using a dashed line.

Each element of the scheme has its own letter code and basic data. So, the conventional sign of the resistor, in addition to the letter R and the serial number, has a schematic power code and a digital resistance code. From the image, you can determine which group it belongs to: constant, adjusting or trimming.

In the process of work, such schemes help to accurately find the places where the wires are laid, especially if they are under plaster; detect damage, check the integrity of the wires.