The peculiarities of the arrangement of cables, harnesses and wires in the component parts of the product are determined by the electrical connection diagram. It also shows the points of entry and connection of clamps, connectors and boards. It gives an idea of the elements and devices that make up the device. All designations are defined by GOST standards, so every electrician will be able to read the diagram.
Content
- General classification
- Connection diagrams
- Functional drawing
- Structural type
- Features of external connection
General classification
The classification of circuits depends on the types of equipment, instruments and automatic means that are used - hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic units. According to GOST standards, all schemes are divided into two groups - types and types.
The first includes:
-
pneumatic; - electrical;
- kinematic;
- hydraulic;
- combined.
The concept of a circuit means a simplified representation of the connections between circuit elements. The drawing is performed using standard graphic conventions that allow the master to easily understand the principles of the electrical installation.
Among the types of electrical circuits, the following are distinguished:
- functional;
- structural;
- connections;
- connections;
- principled;
- location;
- general.
Connection diagrams
The wiring diagram shows all the details of the device, as well as clamps, boards and connectors. The drawing shows all the inputs and outputs, wires and cables connecting the elements. The devices themselves are in the form of rectangles or simplified shapes. Details and connections are depicted in accordance with GOSTs. Nearby you can see the basic, structural and functional drawings of the product itself.
Instead of a descriptive image it is allowed to place tables with descriptions of circuits and addresses of their connections in the drawings. The graphic arrangement of the elements must necessarily correspond to their real arrangement in the device. If this information is unknown or the drawing is stretched over several sheets, then it is possible not to depict the constituent parts. It is not necessary to mark the locations of the leads of elements that are already applied to the device. Cables and harnesses are numbered in order, with numbers on both ends. The cable number must be enclosed in a circle that breaks the wire at the point where the cores branch.
If several elements have the same external connection, then the designations are affixed only for one of them. Devices with separate connection diagrams do not need to show the joints of wires and input elements. In complex drawings, it is possible to bring the cable lines only to the contour line of the element and not to depict their connection.
Functional drawing
The functional electrical diagram shows the groups of elements and devices, their connections. If the product is complex, then several drawings are made for it, which depict the processes in different modes of operation. The designer sets the number of circuits, detail and volume of parts, based on the features of the device. The worksheet should illustrate the sequence of functional processes.
Individual parts have the shape of a rectangle, the circuit itself is made according to the principle type, that is, a drawing is made with element-by-element detail. The document indicates the following information:
- technical characteristics of parts;
- explanatory inscriptions, diagrams and tables;
- data about documents, which are the main for the use of functional parts;
- positional designations of groups of elements, their names.
All information is placed in rectangles, abbreviations are fully deciphered in the margins of the sheet.
Structural type
On the electrical block diagram depict the purposes and connections of functional groups. The drawing gives the master a visual representation of the interconnections of all parts of the device. The groups are in the form of rectangles or designations provided by the standards. The type of element and the document that is the basis for its use are also indicated. Processes in the operating mode are depicted with lines and arrows.
In the case of many functional parts, instead of images of their types and names, they can be numbered to the right of them. The sheet should contain a table with the decoding of numbers. But ordinal numbers degrade the quality of the image, since it is necessary to remember all the designations. Technical data can be found in the corresponding diagrams, tables and labels.
Features of external connection
The external connections of the device are shown on the wiring diagram. The sheet depicts the device itself, output and input parts, the ends of cables and harnesses of external installation. Additionally, data on external circuits and wire addresses are placed on the sheet. For complex products, illustration in the form of simplified outlines is allowed.
All input parts must be depicted where they are actually located. Above are the designations that are assigned to them in the basic drawing. It is also necessary to illustrate all the inscriptions of the elements that are applied to the product itself.
If there are no designations on the device, then they are assigned in the drawing and decoded in the fields. The names of the documents are indicated near the connectors, the cables are depicted as lines. Inscriptions of colors, brands, quantities and features of the cross-section of wires are allowed.
