In the design document, an installation diagram must be attached to various electrical supplies. This documented information is a drawing and enables employees who maintain or operate the equipment to conduct it adequate maintenance, control the work, be able to quickly fix it by understanding the connection system thanks to a clear guide to its location main nodes.
Content
- Purpose of drawing documentation
- The procedure for creating a prefabricated electrical circuit
- Arrangement of wires according to drawings
Purpose of drawing documentation
For maintenance, repair work, installation or adjustment of equipment, it is necessary to understand both the algorithm of its functioning and the method of operation. That is why the accompanying documentation of the finished product necessarily includes drawing diagrams, where, in exact accordance with the real state of affairs, the symbols of the components and components of the structural units are shown, as well as those available between them communication.
The creation of such schemes is carried out according to the norms of the ESKD, regulated by the corresponding GOST. Such drawings are especially relevant at the stage of project creation, release, as well as during the use of equipment. Based on their purpose, electrical circuits are classified by types:
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Structural. They are used to install the central functional units of the structure, display the existing connections between them and the main purpose. - Functional. They conclude a description of the processes taking place in the places of the chain. At the development stage, it is possible to draw up an analytical installation template that can provide information about the functional purpose of a section. In the course of use, thanks to this scheme, the operation of the equipment is explained, which greatly facilitates diagnostic work, adjustment and, if necessary, correction.
- Principal. They reflect the element base and the connection of all components with each other. It is these circuits that are the core for the process of creating electrical equipment.
- Mounting. They certify the geometric position of each element of the node, and also illustrate the connections between them, which are made by connecting components. On the basis of schemes of this type, electrical appliances or their components are assembled.
- General. This type of drawings makes it possible to visually give information about the nodes and relationships between all parts, which makes it easier to understand the installation of a complex object.
Without this kind of drawing documentation, it is not only impossible to assemble high-quality and safe equipment, but it is also difficult to carry out its adequate maintenance.
The procedure for creating a prefabricated electrical circuit
Several methods of developing a wiring diagram are used, the selection of one or another of them may depend both on the method of installing the components and on the operator's purpose of the equipment. For example, address marking is used to represent the switching of the secondary circuit.
First of all, the outline of the device is applied to the drawing, where the parts used in the equipment are inscribed, for example, terminal blocks or supports with clamps. The scale here can not be maintained. Above the drawing (above the outline), it is specified what exactly is indicated on the diagram, for example, "The front wall of the box".
Each component specified in the diagram is assigned a unique address. To visualize it, a circle with a diameter of 10-12 mm is applied, divided horizontally in two. In the upper side of the circle, the number of the element is entered, in the lower side - the symbol corresponding to the element of the circuit. For example, for a terminal block with 10 terminals, each can be assigned an individual address in the assembly diagram.
It should be noted that parts switching power circuits are only given a symbol, which does not have a unique component number.
The creation of a diagram should begin with the formation of a blank in accordance with the rules. Once it has been created, you can begin to designate nodes, using addresses, not lines. This approach to marking makes it possible to freely determine the directions of the wiring, which greatly facilitates the installation process.
Arrangement of wires according to drawings
The electrician usually works with the assembly of parts in the cabinet block between the wires. However, some are responsible for placing components inside the cabinet.
Installation should be carried out adhering to the following rules:
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before starting the installation, it is necessary to estimate how the wires will be laid inside the cabinet; - there is no need to lay too many wires if there are elements in the assembly diagram that dock with each other shielded wire - they must be laid separately, and the shielding harnesses must be connected to the general power supply or land;
- It is recommended to fasten the power harnesses after the main assembly.
The wires for installation are most often issued in spools, they must be unwrapped carefully and not cut off at several ends, but the desired length must be checked at once. For convenience, they are placed in special stands for quick unwinding.
It is not recommended to lose the label attached to the wire, as it indicates the data on the wire cross-section, as well as other important data. If you lose this information, then in the future it will be difficult to establish its characteristics.
There is no waste of cambric: they are necessary to indicate a route on them, as well as to plug unused ends of the wire. Indication of routes will come in handy if there are a lot of wires and it is easy to get confused, where and where. By specifying the route, you can avoid the need to constantly ring them. In addition, this simplifies the search for breakdowns and debugging the device.
