Private house power supply system project: design recommendations, registration rules

Designing electrical wiring in a cottage is not easy. However, even in the absence of special skills, you can make a high-quality project for the power supply of a private house. The electricity supplier is a special structure - power grid enterprises (PES). It is to these organizations that an application must be submitted to obtain technical specifications (TU), on the basis of which the design is carried out.

Electrical circuit diagram

The design of the power supply system of the house must begin with determining the indicator of the total power of the energy consumer (structure), as well as drawing up a power diagram. The easiest way is to entrust this work to specialists, but the owner of the house can independently develop a diagram of the internal electrical network. In this case, it is important to comply with some requirements:

• Installation of the machine at the entrance and the meter is carried out only by representatives of the power supply organization.
• The owner of the house can independently make the connection to the switchboard and make the wiring inside the room.
• All electrical appliances must receive supply voltage from the busbars of the shield, each group of energy consumers must have its own automatic machine.
• Switching equipment is not installed on the protective and neutral conductor.
• From each group circuit breaker, wires must be led to junction boxes. Several distribution boxes can be installed for each consumer group.
• Conductors are supplied to switches and sockets from junction boxes.

Electrical Installation Rules (PES) do not regulate the place of installation of the RCD. Thus, this device can be one for all energy consumers or installed on each group. Based on practical experience, it is worth giving preference to the second option.

Design guidelines

To develop a plan for the electrical network at home, it is necessary to determine the number of consumer groups and distribute the load over them. To solve the problem, you need to go through several stages.

Installation types and total load

There are two ways to lay conductors - open and hidden. Not only the required amount of materials depends on the choice made, but also the interior of the interior. Open wiring is most often used in houses built with combustible materials. Concealed installation is more expensive and more labor-intensive, but it does not affect the design of the premises.

The next step will be to determine the total load for the entire structure and individual electrical receivers. To do this, you have to perform a number of actions:

• First, the number of points and their maximum power are determined.
• Each switch or socket is mounted for a specific electrical appliance or group.

The power indicator of devices is taken from the operating instructions, most often it is indicated in watts. For calculations, you will need to convert this value to amperes using the Ohm's law formula. On average, one 1 kW electrical receiver operating in a 220 V network consumes about 4.5 A.

Forming groups

When the calculations of the total load for the entire structure and each electrical point are completed, you can begin to form groups of energy consumers. In accordance with regulatory documents, circuit breakers for a group of outlets and luminaires must have a rated current of no more than 16 A. It should also be remembered that in order to provide electricity to powerful electrical appliances, it is possible to install 25 A circuit breakers.

It is on the basis of these requirements that the load is distributed among the groups. During this design phase, the type and location of the load is often guided by. Simply put, the outlet lines are separated from the luminaires. However, this condition is not mandatory, and in some situations it is not at all advisable to do so.

Since the process of performing the installation of electrical wiring is quite laborious, it is not necessary to place energy consumers of the same group in different parts of the building. Another important point when distributing the load is the need to separate outlets in living rooms and kitchens into different groups. Often, the appliance located in the bathroom is also included in the kitchen outlet group.

It should be remembered that the sockets in the bathroom must belong to a group that has its own RCD device. Moreover, in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, this communication device must have a leakage current of 30 mA.

Selection of conductor cross-section

This stage is important, since the cross-section of the wires affects the fire safety and the service life of the wiring. Since 2001, according to the requirements of the PUE, only copper conductors must be used for the installation of internal wiring. Also when choosing a section There are several factors to consider:

• Load indicator of consumer groups - to simplify the selection, you can focus on the nominal parameters of the group circuit breaker.
• Type of wiring - the indicator of heat transfer of conductors when using hidden and surface mounting is somewhat different.

The selection of the section must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, focusing on table 1.3.4. However, this indicator for a group line should not be less than 1.5 mm².

Registration procedure

Since the project must be drawn up on the basis of the technical requirements issued by the electricity supplier, then one cannot do without a visit to this organization. To get a technical specification, you need to write an application. It should contain the following information:

• The name of the connected object and its address.
• Voltage indicator.
• Estimated load.
• Supply voltage type.
• If you plan to use electricity for the heating system, this point should also be noted.

In addition, the application must be accompanied by a master plan of the land plot, acts of local administrative organizations permitting construction work. If the site is privatized, documents confirming ownership are also required.

To design a home supply system with electricity, it is necessary to draw up a list of all electrical equipment, installed in residential and utility rooms, as well as an indicator of power and supply voltage for each of them. The project includes working drawings and an explanatory note. In addition, a description of the features of materials and electrical equipment may be required.

The development of a project for a home power supply system is a rather complicated process. Therefore, to perform all the necessary work, it is advisable to contact a specialized organization.