Electrical safety questions: admission to an electrician and how to get qualifications, exam and grade

In any production, special attention on the part of the labor protection service is paid to issues of electrical safety (ES) - the protection of a person from current voltages. In accordance with the preparedness of employees, groups of admission to work of varying degrees of risk have been established. The first step to mastery is permission of the second level, for which it is necessary to undergo training, to pass an exam on electrical safety of a special commission.

Electrical work approvals

The personnel of the enterprise are divided into two categories: electrical and non-electrical, the work of the latter is only indirectly related to current voltages. The first type is divided into subtypes:

• administrative;
• operational;
• repair;
• electrotechnological.

The personnel of the last class contacts the devices and tools, which are energized, and maintains them. The degree of preparedness of an employee when handling such equipment is determined by the electrical safety admission group, the issues of which extend to the protection of a person from current. The classification of Rostechnadzor (RTN) provides for 5 divisions to exclude the impact of live wires.

The first group includes non-electrical personnel who have nothing to do with current loads. Cables and wires are laid on the territory of any enterpriseenergized, and each worker must understand the danger posed by them. To assign an initial degree of training, it is enough to be instructed by a specialist with an admission of 3 and the subsequent verification of knowledge by means of control questions.

The second group on electrical safety is assigned to personnel when they move from the previous category according to the results of commission certification by specialists of the enterprise or the territorial body of the RTN. It is preliminarily necessary to undergo theoretical training in the amount of 72 hours - this applies to electrotechnological personnel who do not have special training.

Typical professions, the owners of which are required to obtain group 2: elevators, welders, crane operators, that is, all workshop specialists who are not part of the energy service. But in the technological process with their participation, there are operations and mechanisms with a current drive.

Employees with the second group of electrical safety approval can be involved in work on equipment up to 1000 V without making connections. This is the maximum resolution for persons under the age of 18.. Requirements for owners: technical knowledge of current-using devices, awareness of the danger of voltage, the ability to use protective equipment and skills of emergency assistance to the injured.

The third group allows you to inspect and connect devices up to 1000 V and more, assigned to electrical personnel. Further qualification levels, fourth and fifth, testify to the high skill of specialists, which allows them to be appointed to the post of responsible for the electrical equipment of the enterprise.

Organization of training for group 2

Without an electrical safety exam, the second group is assigned automatically if the employee has a specialized secondary specialized education. Pre-examination training for other EL personnel is carried out in several cases: professions where it is required to operate a power tool, a break in work for a year or more, delay certificates.

There are two ways to study and get admission: in an educational center and in an enterprise with more than 50 employees. specialists, if by order of the head a commission of three certified engineering and technical workers with group 4 and 5. The training program is approved by the same document, it includes sections:

1. Requirements for electrical personnel: medical examinations, briefings, training and types of knowledge tests. Responsibilities and admission groups.
2. Energy management of the enterprise: Ohm's law and circuit design, grounding devices and insulation, outdoor and indoor lighting, electrical distribution boards, substations, protection and automation. Cable and overhead transmission lines.
3. Operation of power equipment: maintenance and repair, investigation and accounting of failures in the operation of electrical installations. The procedure for starting a new instrument.
4. Means and methods of protection against the effects of current leaks: enclosing and disconnecting devices, warning alarms, posters and inscriptions. Norms and nomenclature of personal items - an apron, boots and gloves.
5. Safety in electrical installations: labor protection and injury investigation, accounting and issuance of keys, work alongside. Checking the voltage on current-carrying elements, grounding and portable grounding conductors.
6. Lightning protection and fire, explosive safety: causes of fires and methods of eliminating flames, types of fire extinguishers. The likelihood of exposure to thunderstorms and discharge devices.
7. Assistance to a victim from an electric shock and other events: features of exposure, the procedure for releasing from stress and assessing the state of the injured. Resuscitation techniques in the absence of heartbeat, injury, burns, poisoning. Moving the victim.

Simultaneously with the specialized disciplines, they study the production instructions for the profession of each cadet. This concerns the responsibilities of a specialist before starting work, in the process of using the tool and behavior in emergency situations.

Electrical Safety Exam

Tickets with DL questions are renewed annually and include at least 24 options covering all areas of the program. In order to prepare for the exam, they use testing on Internet sites - they contain answers to topics by admission group, including the second. The meeting of the commission is held by:

• territorial offices of RTN;
• training centers with the participation of the state inspector of energy supervision;
• the enterprises themselves by the certification commission, in which 3 out of 5 members are certified by the RTN for admission group 4.5.

Knowledge testing can be primary, regular and unscheduled. Based on the results of the exam, a protocol is drawn up - in it they make a record of the assigned group and the assessment received by the test subject, and also indicate the date of the next certification.

The paper is signed by all members of the commission. The specialist who has passed the check receives a certificate in which the information from the protocol is duplicated. The chairman of the commission assures the crusts.

The second EL group allows electricians and repairmen to work under the supervision of a senior technician. After 3 months of conscientious fulfillment of tasks within the second qualification, you can apply for the assignment of the next level of EL. The certificate is valid for 1 year.