Initially, the automation of electricity consumption metering was carried out for energy-intensive enterprises in order to rationally use the resource, reduce user fees. Twenty years ago, systems with the abbreviation ASKUE appeared and their decoding contains the answer to the question about the purpose of the device. This complex device has several functions. In accordance with the tasks, composite electronic units have been made, the types of devices are divided according to the areas of application.
Content
- Purpose and decoding of the name
- Basis of work and function
- Other components
- Implementation and directions of use
Purpose and decoding of the name
Modern electricity meters, in contrast to the previous models of the induction type with a rotating rim, are based on converting a signal into a pulse frequency. The emergence of additional functions made it possible to operate the metering device as part of an integrated design for online monitoring and management of network indicators. This is the ASKUE system, named after the first letters of the words expressing its essence:
-
A - automated, that is, equipped with automatic equipment; - C - a system or several elements that are interconnected and form a single whole;
- K - commercial, which means carrying out activities aimed at making a profit;
- U - accounting or registration of consumed power with entry into the lists for further use for specific purposes;
- E - electricity (does not need comment).
The purpose of the complex is to automate payments with consumers, to generate reports of actual consumption values and recommendations for future periods for the serviced facility in the operational mode. The ability to perform the assigned tasks is achieved by remote collection of information from electronic meters, its processing and transmission to the upper stage.
The design of the ASKUE allows a certain circle of people to receive information of analytical purpose for the formation of decisions regarding energy saving. The efficiency of the complex is ensured in the following order:
| Action | Means and conditions |
| Installation of electronic control devices with a GSM modem signal transmission module | Resource consumers, Energomer counter with data sending interface |
| Organization of a communication system to ensure the supply of information from primary devices to the processing center | System design capabilities |
| Installation of software systems for receiving and processing data | ASKUE cabinet |
In certain cases, between the operational center and metering devices, special devices are mounted - adders. They accumulate information before sending it to the server. The collection and storage of data is carried out by devices that convert information into digital signals and have a large amount of memory.
Basis of work and function
The ASKUE complex allows you to take into account the consumption of energy resources from an apartment building to a settlement, a city. Residential and industrial facilities are accepted for service. The main functions of the system are as follows:
- constant monitoring of electricity consumption;
- separate accounting of consumption at different rates;
- providing the dispatcher with digital characteristics at his request;
- time space management and the possibility of its adjustment;
- storing numerical indicators in the main database.
Automatic control of information is carried out for each commercial point with a set interval of 30 minutes. A three-level system of actions is at the heart of the ASKUE operation principle.
Level 1 - electronic meters, special sensors with a signal conversion function periodically send a pulse to the next stage of the system. The controller's capabilities on this tier are limited: the standard interface provides reception from 32 meters.
Level 2 - connecting elements collect data from the first tier, change the signal, archive, summarize the information and send it to the third stage apparatus. A device called a hub ensures the operation of a large number of devices. If AMR is not loaded, intermediate communication may be absent.
Level 3 - it collects information from all counters. The data is processed and analyzed by means of computer software. Efficiency on this tier depends on the degree of innovation of the dispatching utility.
The reliability of the system is determined by the stable operation of the first level devices. The accuracy of the readings of electronic meters determines the reliability of the data of the entire ASKUE.
Other components
In addition to the system nodes listed above, no less important attributes are involved in the operation of an automated set of devices. Each of them performs a specific task for him:
-
accessories that provide communication between working levels - specially dedicated telephone lines, telecommunications equipment: modems and multiplexers; - interfaces for data transmission: RS-485 - connection cable for up to 32 points, PLC - information flow is carried out through the power supply wires of the electric meter;
- computers - carriers of specialized software designed to process data from one or many devices;
- the utility itself - with its help, information is exchanged with all interested enterprises and suppliers.
The accuracy of the readings and the efficiency of the primary instruments predetermine the reliability of the data collected by the system. On their basis, decisions are made on adjusting measures to improve energy distribution.
Implementation and directions of use
The complexes are installed at power substations of power supply and industrial enterprises. The scope of their application is constantly expanding, which allows for continuous monitoring and optimization of the costs associated with the supply of electricity. The areas of use of the automated accounting system are as follows:
- industrial consumers of the resource;
- residential sector, including private;
- gardening associations and summer cottages;
- collective accounting with service of 50-1000 subscribers.
Installation of ASKUE is carried out according to the usual construction scheme: working project and design documentation - selection of a data transmission system - purchase of new equipment in accordance with the estimate - installation and commissioning of the complex - selection and training of maintenance personnel - start-up operation. The main positive effect from the use of ASKUE in everyday life is the reduction of preventive costs, protection against theft of electricity, identification of shortcomings in the distribution of the resource.
A few more positive aspects can be mentioned: the consumer is promptly invoiced, which leads to an increase in collection of payments; control over all measuring devices in the system; the possibility of changing the tariff during the day. The economic benefit to the user from the use of the ASKUE complex is about 15%.
