Violation of safety standards when working with electrical equipment creates a danger of electric shock. According to statistics, 20% of accidents are fatal. Most incidents occur in everyday life, because in industry before obtaining admission to the technological equipment and electrical installations that are energized, all personnel must pass the appropriate instruction.
Content
- Effects of current on the body
- Personnel requirements
- Safety engineering
Effects of current on the body
With a current value of 1 to 1.6 mA, the first unpleasant sensations appear. As a rule, it is this indicator that is considered the threshold. Further exceeding it leads to a strong and involuntary contraction of the muscular system, which is complemented by pain.
If the line is from 13 to 15 mA, then the muscles of the body cannot be controlled. In addition, when the victim holds an energized installation in his hand, he will not be able to free himself on his own, since the current with this indicator is considered non-letting. Further exceeding milliamperes can cause convulsive heart contraction and death.
The passage of current through the body has the following character:- Thermal. Burns and blood heating occur.
- Electric. The consequences of the defeat are manifested in the form of blood decomposition.
- Biological. The respiratory organs and the circulatory system cease to function.
To date, experts subdivide electric shock into two types. These include:
- Electrical injury. It manifests itself in the form of a burn, an electric sign (scratches, bruises), metallization (penetration of metal particles into the upper layer of the epidermis).
- Electric shocks of 1-4 degrees. They are accompanied by convulsive contraction of muscle mass, shock, circulatory disorders, disruption of the respiratory system, and death.
The degree of danger when exposed to current on a person depends on which organs the electricity passes through. Also, the psychological and physical health of the victim plays an important role.
Of particular influence is the path that electricity passes through a person. With the same value, the damaging effect can be different. It directly depends on which parts of the body the current passes through. The most common options are hand-to-hand, foot-to-foot, and hand-to-foot. A great threat is posed by the passage of electricity through the vital organs. So, the tension passing from hand to hand can hurt the heart, and from head to hand - the brain. The least dangerous path is from foot to foot.
Personnel requirements
According to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 302n of 12.04.2011, employees are required to undergo medical examinations before hiring and periodically (once a year). In addition, in special cases, an extraordinary passage of a medical commission may be prescribed (if an occupational disease is detected).
Employees must undergo mandatory on-the-job training. They also need to be competent in their profession. For this, during employment, and then every year, a knowledge test is carried out.
If the specialist has not passed a medical examination or safety instructions, then the employer does not have the right to allow him to work with electrical installations. The ban also applies to persons under the age of 18 and people who are under drug or alcohol intoxication.
Workers are prohibited from performing activities that are contrary to norms and requirementsprescribed in the rules of safety and technical operation. If such an order is received, the specialist should not undertake its implementation and report this to the higher management.
Safety engineering
Only persons who have at least a second group on electrical safety are allowed to work with electrical tools in the industry. The briefing of the service personnel is carried out every four months, and a record of its passage is necessarily made in the log, which is certified by the instructor and the employee.
During contact with electrical devices, dielectric and personal protective equipment must be used, the first of which must be regularly checked and certified with a special stamp. At the work site, it is necessary to carry out technical measures for the installation of grounding and fencing signs.
The class of electrical tools must strictly comply with the conditions in which the work is performed:
- the first is safe rooms;
- the second - it must be used outdoors or indoors with maximum danger;
- the third is used during work in adverse conditions or in especially dangerous premises.
Electrical safety precautions prohibit the use of power tools while in an explosive environment or in areas with a chemically active environment.
Before starting work, it is necessary to check the fastening of all sets of tools, the operability of the gearbox and the presence of grounding. When during production activities it is necessary to change the nozzle or use a different tool, you need to turn off the power.
Safety when working with electrical equipment states that during operation, you need to monitor the location of the supply cable. It must be at least 2.5 meters high. Power is supplied to the power tool only after it has been locked in the required position. The change of location involves the de-energization of the electrical machine.
