Diy device and repair of washing machines LG and other brands

Comfortable living conditions in a modern apartment are provided mainly by the presence of household appliances, which can greatly facilitate the performance of homework. One such striking example is the presence of an automatic washing machine in the bathroom or in the kitchen. Until recently, this unit was considered a luxury item, and now it is one of the prerequisites for a normal human life.

Automatic machine device

To understand the principle of repairing washing machines with your own hands (LG, Samsung, Bosh and many other models), you need carefully familiarize yourself with the design and functional action of both individual units and the entire machine generally. When the principle of operation and the purpose of individual parts is known, easy to define major malfunctions of the entire device.

Control block

This small machine unit plays a very important role in the flawless operation of the entire machine. The control unit consists of an electronic board and a panel with buttons and knobs placed on the front wall of the machine. It is this device that is responsible for setting and recognizing washing modes. And in the process of executing a given program, the block completely controls all the actions of the unit - supplying water, heating it to a certain temperature, drum work, the process of pumping water with a pump, etc.

Information collected by various sensors is processed microprocessorwhich is installed on the control board.

The following sensors are installed in various parts of the machine body:

1. The temperature sensor is located at the bottom of the tank. It is designed to control water heating.
2. The tacho sensor controls the drum rotation speed of the washing machine.
3. The water level sensor detects the amount of water for the respective wash cycle. According to its readings, the water supply is turned on and off.
4. The time relay regulates the intervals of the unit operation depending on the required washing program.

Malfunctioning programs are the main symptom of a malfunctioning control unit. Repair of the board is carried out rarely, most often it is done complete replacement. The trouble is that the cost of this washing machine unit is very high.

The main reason for the failure of the manager element there are fluctuations in the supply voltage of the network, therefore it is recommended to install a stabilizing device at the electrical input of the machine or in the entire living room.

Executing devices

Commands from the control unit are sent to the main parts of the unit, which perform all the actions necessary for the correct operation of the machine. Uninterrupted functioning of these parts controlled by sensors.

Executing devices are:

1. Water supply device (valve). This device is installed at the inlet of the unit and is connected to the water supply system using a flexible hose. Repair of malfunctions of washing machines associated with the presence of water in the tank consists in replacing the water supply valve or cleaning it.
2. The locking device (lock) of the loading door is designed to block the door during the program. The actuation of the contacts of the device predetermines the start of the washing process.
3. The electric motor drives the drum of the washing unit. Most often, the rotation from the motor is transmitted to the drum pulley through a belt drive, but there are also models of direct drive units. Often, malfunctions in machines with a pulley can occur due to a loose or broken belt. But in models of a direct type, the lack of rotation is possible due to a malfunction of the engine itself.
4. A tubular electric heating element (TEN) is responsible for heating water to a temperature corresponding to the set program. Correct water heating depends on the health of the heating element and on the correct operation of the temperature sensor.
5. The pump removes water from the washing machine tank.

It is on the correct operation of all these elements that trouble-free functioning the entire automatic washing machine.

Tank size and material

In terms of volume, the tank occupies the largest place in the body of the washing device. This dimension determines the nominal load capacity of the laundry. There is a rotating drum inside this device. To eliminate vibration and keep the tank in one position during operation, there is a system stabilization, which consists of shock absorbers and springs.

This part of the unit is made of plastic. By design, models with collapsible and non-collapsible systems are distinguished. Collapsible tanks are easier to repair, but have a higher cost than non-separable structures.

Housing and accessories

Usually the body is made of thin sheet metal, covered with a layer of enamel. The top cover in almost all models is plastic, but the back surface is made of galvanized steel. Fastening of all body parts is carried out by means of a screw connection, depending on the manufacturer and model of the washing unit.

A detergent supply unit (dispenser) is located in the upper part of the front panel of the housing. The dispenser, made in the form of a drawer, is divided into several compartments, each of which is filled with a certain special tooldescribed in the operating instructions.

To avoid an increased level of vibration of the tank, special concrete slabs of a special shape - counterweights - are mounted above and below the body.

Automatic machine working principle

All washing household units have not only the same structural device, but also an identical operating principle. Therefore, before deciding how to fix a washing machine, you need to familiarize yourself with the fundamental features of the entire washing process.

The order of the automatic washing machine:

1. To get started, we turn on the machine into the power supply network, load the laundry and select the washing mode.
2. Close the loading door tightly until it clicks, and the machine starts to work.
3. Water begins to flow into the drum of the device through the inlet valve, the level of which is set by a special sensor.
4. After a certain amount of fluid has been collected, the inlet valve closes.
5. Further, if the soaking mode is not set, the heating element is turned on, which heats the water to the set temperature. This process is controlled by a sensor, and in its absence - by a special timer.
6. To evenly wet the laundry, the engine is turned on simultaneously with the heating element, and the drum slowly rotates in different directions at different intervals.
7. After heating the water to the set temperature, the heater turns off and the washing process starts. In this case, the drum rotates in different directions with the same interval. This principle of operation completely eliminates the knocking down of linen into a lump.
8. After the end of the washing time, according to the set program, the pump for pumping out dirty water is switched on, and then clean water is drawn for rinsing.
9. Rinsing occurs when the drum rotates at low speed. This mode can be restarted several times, depending on the selected program.
10. In the spin mode, the pump removes the remaining water from the tank, and the drum rotates at high speed.

Of course, there can be significant changes in the algorithm for such a functioning of the washing unit, depending on the number of control programs in a particular model of the device. Knowledge of this algorithm will allow you to find out at what stage the failure of your assistant occurred. Hence, it is painless to resolve the issue of how to troubleshoot

The most common breakdowns

The similarity of the design and principle of operation of household automatic machines allows you to group the main malfunctions that are characteristic of units of all models.

The washing process does not start

If the machine simply cannot be started, you need to carefully examine the appearance of the connecting wires. Possible reasons for this problem:

• lack of voltage in the supply network or its low value;
• the integrity of the socket, plug and connecting cord is broken;
• the hatch door is not tightly closed, the start of the unit is impossible without triggering the relay;
• on the connecting block, it is possible that the contacts are oxidized, which is eliminated by their mechanical cleaning;
• time relay failure.

If, after eliminating these problems, the machine still does not start, then a malfunction may have occurred in the control board. Such damage can be diagnosed by installing a known working board.

Lack of water

If such a defect is found, first of all, it is necessary to check for its presence in the water supply system, as well as evaluate the pressure of the liquid in the pipes. If all parameters are normal, you need:

• check the serviceability of the water supply hose (no cracks, the presence of pinched places);
• if the filter for cleaning the supplied liquid is clogged, then it must be removed, rinsed under running water and reinstalled;
• assess the condition of the intake valve.

In the latter case, you will have to do several preparatory operations to get to the valve. For this you need:

• disconnect the water supply and dismantle the hose;
• remove the upper housing cover and gain access to the valve located immediately behind the inlet pipe;
• flush the valve and connect it to the hose;
• apply a voltage of 220 V to the relay windings;
• if the relay is triggered, water will appear;
• lack of water will indicate a malfunction of the windings of the device, which should be replaced.

Water does not heat up

If the water in the machine does not heat up, then the first thing that comes to mind is that the heating element is faulty. Therefore, you need to diagnose this node, for which:

1. The rear cover of the machine must be removed to allow access to the heater connection terminals.
2. Having disconnected the heating element from the power supply, we check the presence of resistance between the contacts and the unit body with a tester. If the resistance in such a circuit is small, then this indicates the presence of a breakdown to the case.
3. Further, we completely remove the heating element by unscrewing the nuts on its connecting block. By measuring the resistance between the contacts of the heater, we determine the presence of an open circuit (high resistance) or a short circuit (low resistance).
4. A defective heating element must be replaced.

But a malfunction of the heating element may not be the only reason for the lack of water heating, the level sensor, as well as the thermal relay, can also be damaged. In this case, with a small amount of water, the command to turn on the heater is not given.

Possibly oxidation of the heating element contacts. Such a malfunction is eliminated by mechanical cleaning of the contacts to pure metal.

The drum does not rotate

The simplest damage in this case is considered to be the ingress of a foreign object between the tank and the drum. To eliminate such a jamming of the drum, you will have to disassemble it and clear it of debris.

For models with transmission through a pulley, the belt may loosen or break, which leads to the drum slipping or a complete lack of rotation. Replacing the belt will repair this damage.

And of course, the biggest nuisance is considered to be the failure of the electric motor, which is fully responsible for the rotation of the drum. It is very difficult to repair the engine yourself. Therefore, it is better to contact the specialists of the repair center to eliminate such a problem.

There is no drain of dirty water

There are a lot of options for such a malfunction, so you should immediately pay attention to the appearance of the drain hose so that it is not pinched.

Then it is worth removing and cleaning the filter, which is located at the bottom right on the front of the case.

If these actions did not lead to the desired result, you will have to remove and check the drain pump. A pump malfunction may be a clogged impeller, which is eliminated by simple cleaning, or a failure of the pump itself, only replacing it will help here.

Remember that the use of any household appliances must be carried out in strict observance of the operating rules. Only a careful attitude towards the home assistant can prolong her trouble-free service.