The modern electrical engineering industry is ready to offer the consumer a huge assortment of cable products. Each type of email cable or type of wire is used to solve a specific professional problem of electrification of the facility. Anyone who decides to carry out the installation of electrical wiring will soon realize that copper and aluminum conductors are most often used for such work.
Content
- Main varieties
- Product for power lines
- Medium electrification
- Material for lighting networks
- Self-supporting electrical wire
- Varieties of cords
- Flat view of PBPP
- Manufacturing of PPV and APV
Main varieties
Copper and aluminum are the cheapest non-ferrous metals, optimally suited for the production of wires in terms of their technical and design characteristics. Of course, it is quite possible to make a cable from gold, but the price of this product will be prohibitive. Cable products and types of electrical wires for the installation of electrical wiring in residential and other facilities are divided into several types:
- powerful power electrical cables;
- special self-supporting cables;
- electrical wires for hidden and exposed wiring;
- mounting wires and so on.
The spectrum of the main characteristics of such electrical products is diverse. All cable electrical products are divided into categories not only by their purpose, but also by the type of insulation layer, the structure of current-carrying conductors and the metal from which they are made, design features and other parameters.
The correct choice of an electric cable or wire is a very responsible matter, on which the safety of real estate and your own health depend. Therefore, for those who do not want to face such catastrophic events as short circuit, fire or defeat electric current, it is recommended to carefully select electrical products that comply with the PES (device rules electrical installations).
Product for power lines
Powerful power line cable is a single-core or multi-core electrical product designed for the supply of electrical energy to stationary consumers, such as a private house, apartment, summer house or mobile equipment. The power cable connects the main switchboard or power line to the end user. Regardless of the area of use and technical characteristics, its design consists of the following mandatory elements that are its basis:
- one or more metal conductors intended for the transmission of current;
- an insulating layer that protects conductive elements;
- outer sheath, which serves to protect the entire structure of the cable as a whole.
In addition to these main structural parts of power cable products, they can include additional elements. They will be very diverse. What are the additions:
- waist external insulation;
- shielding layer;
- armor with a pillow under it.
The design of a power cable depends on its purpose, scope of use and operating conditions. All these factors are reflected in the color coding and product names.
When choosing a material, many factors must be taken into account: operating conditions, type and type of installation, as well as compliance with PES standards. This is due to the fact that various brands of cable products have both advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account when purchasing.
Medium electrification
The main purpose of the VVG power cable is the electrification of objects with a network voltage of up to 1 thousand. volt. This brand is especially popular for internal wiring. VVG is a copper cable with PVC core insulation, and external insulation in the form of a cambric made of the same material, and the letter "G" indicates that it is flexible. the number of veins of a product can be from two to five. The service life of these products can reach over 30 years. The VVG power cable is available in different versions:
- AVVG - with live conductors made of pure aluminum;
- VVGng - in a protective casing made of refractory material;
- VVGp - flat product and others.
The color of external insulation for most products is black, and each core has its own color scheme, corresponding marking according to the standard: yellow with a green stripe for PE conductors, for N conductors blue or white with a blue stripe, and for phase conductors completely white. The VVG power cable almost completely corresponds to its imported analogue, produced according to the foreign DIN standard.
Material for lighting networks
NYM wire is used for installation work when laying lighting networks and power supply networks in both residential and industrial premises. The maximum voltage value at which the product can be used should not exceed 660 volts.
The cable can be used in open space, but it should be borne in mind that its insulation is subject to destruction under the influence of sunlight. Therefore, the NYM cable must be protected with a special corrugation or other protective sheath. The main feature of this product is that it is equipped with a special filler inside the outer shell, which ensures complete sealing of the cores.
Unlike the domestic VVG power cable, NYM wire is produced only in a round version with monolithic copper conductors. This fact gives it an advantage in conventional wiring, but it is very inconvenient to lay it in the grooves of hidden wiring. In all other respects, NYM cable is a complete analogue of VVG.
The outer and inner insulation of the product is made of heat-resistant PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Their color for the outer sheath is mainly black, and the insulation of current-carrying conductors has the following coloring: black, yellow with a green stripe, brown, as well as gray and blue. In Russian, the product does not have a letter designation.
Self-supporting electrical wire
SIP power cable is a wire with reliable core insulation, the very name of which speaks of its specific properties. Its main feature is that it can withstand heavy mechanical loads. In addition, the insulating layer of the product is made of stitched polyethylene, which can withstand exposure to sunlight and high humidity.
Based on these properties, the self-supporting insulated insulated wire is excellent for the installation of power lines in open space and branches from them during the electrification of various objects such as residential, as well as small industrial and shopping. This type of cable products is gradually replacing aluminum wires without insulation of grades "A" and "AS", which were widely used for laying overhead power lines in the nearby past.
SIP cable is produced only with pure aluminum conductors, which do not have an additional common insulating layer. The cross-sectional area of the conductors of the product can be from 16 to 150 sq. mm. The marking of this cable is not directly tied to the number of current-carrying conductors.
For example, SIP-1 is a three-core cable, the zero current-carrying conductor of which is at the same time carrying. All product information is encrypted in the designated product number. SIP is a rather specific cable product. When installing it, it is necessary to use special fittings: specialized anchor brackets, special clamps for connection, and so on.
Varieties of cords
For many consumers, the terms cable and wire are synonymous, but this is not entirely true. A cable is a complex electrical product, usually with several layers of insulation and a separate sheath for live conductors. Electrical wires and cords are much simpler in design. Most often they have one layer of insulation, rarely two, and sometimes they are produced without an insulating layer at all. The purpose of these two types of products is also different. the cable is designed to transmit high power current.
The wires are used in networks and devices with a voltage of no more than 380 V, although they can withstand higher values.
Among all the variety of such products, the following brands have won the greatest popularity with the consumer: PBPP, PBPPg, APUNP, PPV, APV, PVS and SHVVP. These electrical wires are used for a variety of purposes. Types of wires:
- for the installation of internal electrical networks;
- for connecting devices and equipment;
- for grounding, etc.
You should know the design features and areas of application of these most popular brands of electrical products today.
Flat view of PBPP
It is a flat electrical wire with two or three monolithic copper conductors. The outer protective layer and conductor insulation are made of PVC. Cross-sectional area of conductors from 1.5 to 6 sq. mm. The operating temperature of the product is from -15 to +50 ° C with a mains voltage of up to 250 V.
An electrical wire is used for internal wiring when installing lighting systems and powering outlets. There are modifications of this product: PBPPg and APUNP. The letter "g" in the marking means that this wire is flexible and its current-carrying conductors are stranded. The modification with the first letter "A" is a wire with aluminum conductors.
PBPP wire has become very widespread, since it is excellent for connecting lighting, installation of electrical outlets and switches, as well as for solving other electrical tasks. This product is a truly universal conductor of electric current, which is highly popular due to its excellent quality. PBPP wire is recommended for use when carrying out electrical work in a private house, apartment or in the country.
Basically, wires of the PBPP brand of all modifications are used in home and household networks. they are great for internal wiring, but should not be used as a substitute for power cables. Care should be taken when purchasing these products, as incorrect marking of wires of these brands is quite common.
Manufacturing of PPV and APV
PPV wire is a flat electrical wiring with monolithic copper conductors in PVC insulation with jumpers between the conductors. The number of current-carrying conductors is two or three with a cross-sectional area from 0.75 to 6.0 sq. mm. The operating temperature range of the product is from -50 to +70 ° C with mains voltage up to 450 V and air humidity up to 100%. The wire can be used in lighting networks, as well as in power lines. A modification of this electrical product is an electric wire APPV with aluminum conductors.
APV is the most demanded aluminum wire with one conductor in PVC insulation of a round shape with a cross-sectional area from 2.5 to 16 sq. mm for a solid core and from 25 to 95 sq. mm for stranded. Moisture resistant, has increased strength and is resistant to any mechanical stress.
Of course, this is only a small part of the entire range of cable and wire electrical products, the most popular on the market. It is difficult to consider in detail all types and types of wires and cable products. But knowledge of their labeling and technical characteristics will help when choosing such products.
