Electronic pressure switch: installation diagram, features of connection and system regulation

One of the important elements of the accumulator is an electronic pressure switch, which makes it possible automatically provide switching off and on of the pump, water supply according to the set defined parameters. Even with a minor failure, the entire operation of the system is disrupted. To know how to make an adjustment, you must first become familiar with the adjustment features.

General information

The design of the hydroaccumulator (GA) includes a bleed valve, a container, a five-outlet fitting (tee) with couplings for connection, a flange, as well as a pressure switch that sets the general rhythm of work.

The main functions of the water pressure sensor in the water supply system:

• is responsible for the operation of equipment without significant loads;
• is an important element of pump control;
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• increases the operating time of the membrane and equipment as a whole;
• controls the filling of the container with water.

A pressure gauge showing the pressure in the tank is included in the kit or purchased separately.

The pump collects water from the well, directing it through the pipeline. Then it enters the accumulator, and from it directly into the house. The main task of the membrane tank is to maintain a constant pressure and mode of operation of the pump, for which there is a certain frequency of activations - approximately 45 per hour. During the increase in frequency, the equipment is under excessive stress and after a short time breaks down. It is necessary to adjust the water pressure switch for the pump so that the equipment works without undue stress.

By regulating the storage tank, we mean creating the required amount of atmospheres directly in the tank and correctly determining the thresholds for turning on and off the pump.

Principle of operation

The pressure switch for the accumulator is in the form of a box with different control elements installed in the housing. The relay is connected to one of the tank outputs. The mechanism has small springs that need to be adjusted by turning the nuts.

Features of the equipment:

1. The springs are connected to a diaphragm that responds to pressure surges. Increasing the spring tension compresses the coil, decreasing it leads to stretching.
2. The contact group begins to respond to these actions by connecting or disconnecting contacts, thereby giving a command to the pump.
3. The storage tank fills up, increasing the pressure. The spiral transmits the pressure force and turns on according to the set value or turns off the pump.
4. Water is consumed simultaneously with a decrease in pressure, which is fixed by a relay.

The assembly contains the following parts: plastic or metal body, steel piston, diaphragm, brass plates, threaded rods, terminal blocks, couplings for electrical wires, contact assembly, springs, platform on hinges.

The operating principle of the control equipment is quite simple. The device reacts to changes in pressure inside the storage tank. The movable platform is raised or lowered by the springs taking into account the pressure on the piston connected to the contacts that give a signal to the pump to start or finish pumping.

Connecting to the accumulator

As a rule, the accumulator kit is sold disassembled, so the adjustment block must be installed yourself. You can connect the pressure switch to the pump as follows:

1. The equipment is disconnected from the mains. If there is already water in the storage tank, then it must be drained.
2. The device is fixed permanently. It is connected to a five-outlet fitting or to a branch pipe. In this case, the relay must be firmly fixed.
3. The cable connection diagram is usual: the device has a contact group for the mains and a pump, and there is also a ground connection. The cables are threaded through the holes on the housing and connected to the terminal blocks.

Equipment setup

Before adjusting the pressure switch, it must be borne in mind that this indicator is inextricably linked with the pressure inside the storage tank. First, you need to create the required amount of pressure inside the tank, and only then proceed to work with the element for controlling the operation of the system.

The adjustment is carried out in three stages:

• set the pressure inside the accumulator;
• set the pump activation level;
• determine the switch-off mark.

To optimize the work, it is necessary to adjust all indicators several times experimentally, taking into account the fluid flow rate, the height of the pipeline and the pressure in it.

Internal indicators of GA

There are certain rules for adjusting the accumulator. It is necessary that the pressure regulation meets the following requirements:

• for a one-story building, one bar is enough, and if the container is in the basement, then you need to add another 1 bar;
• the value must be higher than at the highest point of the water intake;
• how many atmospheres should be inside the tank can be determined by the following formula: 6 should be added to the height of the pipeline to the upper water collection point, this result should be divided by 10;
• if there are many consumption points, then another 20% should be added to this figure. How much exactly you need to add is determined only by experience. For this, there is a general rule: if the indicator is underestimated, then the liquid will not be able to be supplied to the devices, and if overestimated, then the accumulator will be empty all the time, the pressure is very high, and there is a risk of failure membranes.

To increase the pressure in the HA, air can be pumped with a conventional pump (there is a spool on the tank), and the pressure is released to reduce the pressure. The pneumatic valve for this is located under the cover. The process must be performed during the absence of water pressure, for this you just need to turn off the taps.

The size of the indicators can be determined using a pressure gauge that is connected to the spool. The adjustment is made when the pump is turned off. The differential pressure can be created by opening a tap at the nearest location.

Manufacturers standardly set the pressure in the vessel to no more than 2-3 bar. Its increase reduces the usable area inside the tank - this must be taken into account during calculations.

Adjustment features

There are two bolts with nuts in the device: the large one adjusts the value for turning off the pump, the small one for turning it on. The nuts are screwed in or released, thereby adjusting.

The relay setting will be correct, if certain requirements are met:

• the approximate difference between the indicators for turning the pump on and off is 1.2-1.7 atm.;
• the pressure in the accumulator must be less than the set indicator to turn on the pump by 15%. For example, if the mark for switching on is set at 2.7 bar and for switching off at 3.7 bar, then there should be no more than 2.5 bar inside the tank;
• The GA and the control unit have certain load values. At the time of purchase, it is necessary to check whether these indicators coincide with the calculations of the system (pipeline height, number of water intake sections).

The control unit monitors the highest and lowest pressure in the tank. It stores the difference in values ​​when the pump is turned on and off. The setting range will depend on the pump power and water flow time.

Factory parameters are described in the product data sheet. Typically, they are as follows:

• pump operation range - 2.7 atm.;
• the maximum level of work - 0.7−6 atm.;
• the highest mark for shutdown is 6 atm.;
• the initial level of work is 1 atm.

Example for setting values

First, you need to fully prepare the system. For this you need to follow several steps:

• connect storage tank;
• adjust the control unit under pressure without disconnecting the system from the power supply;
• set the pressure inside the equipment less than in the pumping station, by about 15% (i.e. e. 1 atm.);
• turn off all taps;
• check the set level with a pressure gauge for an hour to make sure there is no leakage anywhere;
• open the housing cover to gain access to the bolts and watch the springs;
• adjust the relay.

An example of setting with the establishment of marks of 3.4 atm. for shutdown and 2 atm. for inclusion in a two-story house looks a little different. The steps are as follows:

1. First, the pump is started to determine the head in the system. The pump should fill the tank and increase the pressure.
2. Then, using a manometer, the pump shutdown indicator is determined (as a rule, this is no more than 3 atm.) When this indicator is exceeded, a small spring is switched on, this can be clearly see.
3. The electric motor stops when it reaches 3.4 atm., This level can be reduced by rotating the bolt on a smaller spring half a turn until the engine shuts off.
4. Afterwards, a check is performed using a manometer: 3.1-3.3 atm. quite enough.
5. Then the tap is opened to reduce the onslaught and free the HA from water, and the pump activation indicator is fixed with a pressure gauge, as a rule, it is 2.4-2.6 atm.
6. To lower the lower limit, rotate the large spring nut. After the pump starts, the pressure increases to the required level, the indicator is checked with a pressure gauge. The permissible value is 2-2.2 atm.

The adjusting nuts are quite sensitive - a rotation of just half a turn adds up to 1 ATM. The pressure of the switched on pumping system should be 0.2-0.4 atm. higher than in an empty storage tank, this will prevent deformation of the inner "pear".

Brief instruction

An increase in the factory parameters of inclusion (more than 1.6 atm.) Creates a risk of critical pressure on the membrane. The operating range of the pump is set taking into account the maximum probable load for the shut-off valves. The sealing rings of household taps can withstand no more than 7 atm.

For a clear understanding of how to adjust the relay, you can use step by step instructions:

• set the pump activation level: counterclockwise rotation of the large spring nut decreases the starting indicator, clockwise - increases;
• to turn off, rotate the small screw (during screwing in the mark rises, when unscrewing it decreases);
• the result can be checked by opening the tap and draining the water, fixing the moment the pump starts working;
• internal pressure is regulated by releasing or pumping air, controlling everything with a pressure gauge.

Prevention and repair

There are certain rules for operating the equipment. Preventive measures are as follows:

• it is necessary to clean all contacts;
• mechanical sensing elements need to be checked and corrected;
• do not screw in the adjusting bolts completely - the system will not be able to work;
• all hinges must be lubricated once a year;
• during non-operation, you should not immediately disassemble the structure - at first it is better to try to lightly knock on the case with a small object.

If the device does not maintain pressure, does not turn on on time or does not work at all, there is no need to make quick conclusions and throw out the equipment. The instrument is often not allowed to react in a timely manner to dirt and dust in the membrane system. The main work to fix is ​​as follows:

1. It is necessary to unscrew the four bolts at the bottom of the case and get the cover plate with the pipe.
2. Carefully clean the membrane and the area around it.
3. Replace all parts in reverse order.
4. Re-set the thresholds and carry out a test run.

Professionals advise, before setting up a relay, not to set the upper limit more than 70% of the maximum capability for a particular model specified in the instructions (usually 6-6.5 atm.).

For quality work, there should be no air in the water pipes. Regularly (once every six months), it is necessary to check the set response indicators and the pressure in the storage tank, bleeding or adding air if necessary. Before you start tuning, you need to know if the relay and directly all the equipment can withstand specific loads.