Technological progress has presented a person with many devices and devices that have made life much easier. But there is also a downside - pollution and negative effects on the health of living things. One of these phenomena is the emission of electromagnetic waves. To protect yourself from their effects, you need to know the main sources and degree of exposure to humans.
Content
- Feature of electromagnetic waves
- Sources of radiation
- Influence on a person
- Protection methods
Feature of electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic radiation refers to waves that occur inside a field of an electric or magnetic nature. In physics, the phenomenon is studied within the framework of wave-particle duality. The smallest particle of electromagnetic radiation is a quantum. Waves have characteristics that depend on their frequency properties.
The beams are divided into classes according to the frequency spectrum:
- optical (waves that a person sees);
- radio frequency;
- ultraviolet;
- thermal or infrared;
- hard, which is also called ionized.
Ionizing radiation includes X-rays and ultraviolet rays. The first ones are used in medicine, the second type can be observed in the solarium. Non-ionizing rays are waves in a microwave oven, infrared and low frequency radiation.
Sources of radiation
By origin, sources of electromagnetic radiation are divided into two types - artificial and natural. Natural waves include waves that emanate from the planet's magnetic field, and are also formed from nuclear fusion on the Sun and electrical phenomena in the atmosphere.
Artificial radiation is caused by household appliances, appliances and mechanical devices. The waves emanating from them can be low- and high-level. The degree of voltage depends on the power of the sources. Examples of high level radiation:
- high voltage electric lamps;
- radio towers and stations of a mobile or mobile station;
- infrastructure of transport powered by electrical networks;
- elevators and hoisting structures with electromechanical power plants;
- transformers or distribution substations.
Hard rays are emitted by special medical equipment, which is used to examine the human body. Low-level waves make home appliances stand out. These include:
- all devices with liquid crystal screens - tablets, payment terminals, computers, televisions and mobile phones;
- household appliances - modern irons, microwave ovens and climate control systems;
- engineering structures - sockets, electricity meters and network cables.
Influence on a person
Biologists have studied the effect of electromagnetic waves on human health for a long time. The result was disappointing: under prolonged exposure to radiation, pathological processes begin in the body. Some waves can cause destruction at the genetic level.
The level of influence depends on the intensity of the rays, the duration and nature of their impact, as well as on the localization. In the modern world, almost everyone is exposed to radiation from mobile phones and some household appliances. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the influence of high-frequency waves. The energy of the magnetic field is converted into thermal energy due to the vibrations of the molecules, which ensures the operation of industrial devices.
The impact of such rays on a person may be detrimental. Therefore, when working in factories and industrial enterprises, you should not stay near hot electrical equipment for a long time. The biological effect accumulates in the body due to the fact that the rays accompany a person both in everyday life and during walks around the city.
With very long exposure, radiation causes diseases of the nervous system and the brain. The level of influence of waves decreases with decreasing distance. That is, in order to reduce their impact, it is necessary to move away from the electromagnetic emitter.
Protection methods
In factories, to protect against rays, special screens are installed that absorb electromagnetic waves. It is impossible to install such equipment at home, but there are other ways to protect the body from the effects of radiation. All electrical devices must be located at a certain distance from a person.
And also you need to take into account the power of the source. Examples of the correct location of equipment:
- mobile phones are not brought closer than 2.5 cm to the body;
- electronic clock should be at a distance of 5-7 cm from a person;
- for TVs and PC monitors - 30 cm;
- they do not approach TV and radio towers closer than 25 meters.
It is dangerous to stand near power lines. You can measure the radiation indicators from household appliances using a special detector. It is better to put the computer system unit away from the user, and move the refrigerator away from the dining table.
You also need to reduce the length of time you spend near electrical appliances. Avoid standing by the grill or microwave all the time while cooking. Equipment that is not used must be disconnected from the power supply in a timely manner. Keep your laptop, TV, printer off until you need them.
