In everyday life, it is often necessary to adjust the power of various electrical appliances: gas stoves, kettle, soldering iron, boiler, various heating elements, etc. The vehicle may need to adjust the engine speed. To do this, you can use a simple design - a thyristor voltage regulator. In addition, it is not difficult to make it with your own hands.
Content
- Some nuances of choice
- Design features
- Areas and purposes of use
- Operating principle
- Methods for closing the thyristor
- Simple voltage regulator
Some nuances of choice
Making a thyristor voltage regulator with your own hands is not difficult. This may be the first handicraft of a novice radio amateur that can provide temperature control of the soldering iron tip. In addition, factory-made soldering irons with the ability to adjust the temperature are more expensive than simple models without such an opportunity. Therefore, you can familiarize yourself with the basics of soldering and radio engineering, as well as save a considerable amount. With the help of a small number of components, a simple surface-mounted thyristor can be assembled.
The hinged type of installation is carried out without the need for a special printed circuit board. With good skills in this area, you can assemble simple circuits in this way quickly enough.
You can save time and install a ready-made thyristor on the soldering iron. But if there is a desire to understand the circuit completely, then the thyristor power regulator will have to be done by hand.
Important! A device such as a thyristor is a total power regulator. In addition, it is used to adjust the speed of various equipment.
But first of all, you need to understand the general principle of operation of the device, to understand its circuit. This will make it possible to correctly calculate the required power for optimal operation of the equipment on which it will perform its direct duties.
Design features
A thyristor is a semiconductor element that can be controlled. It can conduct current in one direction very quickly if necessary. Unlike classical diodes, a thyristor is used to adjust the voltage supply torque.
He has immediately three elements for current output:
- cathode;
- anode;
- controlled electrode.
Such an element will work only if certain conditions are met. First, it must be placed in a common voltage circuit. Secondly, the necessary short-term impulse must be applied to the control part of the electrode. This will allow you to adjust the power of the device in the desired direction. It will be possible to turn off the device, turn it on and change the operating modes. Unlike a transistor, a thyristor does not require holding the control signal.
It is impractical to use a thyristor in order to provide constant current, since the thyristor can be easily closed if the current flow through the circuit is cut off. And for alternating current in devices such as a thyristor regulator, the use of a thyristor is mandatory, since the circuit is made in such a way as to fully ensure the necessary closing of the semiconductor element. Any half-wave is capable of completely closing the thyristor section in case of such a need.
It is quite difficult for beginners to understand the scheme, but using the instructions from specialists, they will greatly simplify the creation process for themselves.
Areas and purposes of use
First you need to understand for what purposes such a device is used. as a thyristor power regulator. Power regulators are used in almost all construction and carpentry electrical tools. In addition, there is no way in kitchen appliances without them. They allow, for example, to adjust the speed modes of the food processor or blender, the speed blowing air with a hairdryer, and also function to ensure the performance of other equally important tasks. The semiconductor element allows you to more effectively regulate the power of heating devices, that is, their main part.
If you use thyristors in a circuit with a highly inductive load, then they may simply not close at the right time, which will lead to equipment failure. Many users have seen or even used devices such as grinders, grinders or drills on their own. You will notice that the power regulation is mainly done by pressing a button. This button is located in a common block with a thyristor power regulator, which changes the engine speed.
Important! The thyristor regulator cannot change the speed automatically in asynchronous motors. But in a collector engine equipped with a special alkaline unit, the adjustment will work correctly and fully.
Operating principle
The peculiarity of the work is that in any device the voltage will be regulated by power and power outages in accordance with sinusoidal laws.
Any thyristor of total power can only pass current in one direction. If the thyristor is not turned off, then it will continue to work and turn off only after performing certain actions.
When self-manufacturing, it is necessary design the structure in such a way that there is enough free space inside to install a control lever or button. In the case when the device is installed according to the classical scheme, it is advisable to connect through a special switch that will change color at different power levels.
In addition, such an addition makes it possible to partially prevent the occurrence of situations with electric shock to a person. You will not need to look for a suitable case, and the device will also have an attractive appearance.
Methods for closing the thyristor
There are many ways to close thyristors. But first of all, it must be remembered that the supply of any signals to the electrode will not be able to close it and extinguish the action. The electrode is only capable of starting the device. There are also analogues - lockable thyristors. But their intended purpose is slightly wider than that of conventional switches. The classic thyristor voltage regulator circuit can only be turned off by interrupting the current supply at the anode-cathode level.
You can close the power regulator on the ku202n thyristor in at least 3 ways. You can simply disconnect the entire circuit from the battery. This will turn off the diode. But if you turn on the device again, it will not turn on, since the thyristor remains closed. It will stay in this position until the corresponding button is pressed.
In the second way closing the thyristor is to interrupt the supply of current. This can be done simply by short-circuiting the anode cathode junction with ordinary wire. You can check on the diagram with a simple LED instead of a device. If a wire jumper is connected as described above, then all the voltage will go through the wire, and the current level that will go to the thyristor will be zero. After taking the wire back, the thyristor will close and the device will turn off. In this case, the device is an LED and it will go out. If you experiment with such schemes, then tweezers can be used as a jumper.
If, instead of a LED, a high-power heating coil is installed, then a complete thyristor regulator can be obtained.
The third method is to reduce the supply voltage to the minimum, and then reverse the polarity. This situation will turn off the device.
Simple voltage regulator
To produce the simplest 12 volt system, you need key elements such as a rectifier, generator and battery. The generator is one of the main components. For manufacturing, you will need the aforementioned radio components, as well as a diagram of the simplest power regulator. It should be noted that there are no stabilizers in it.
For manufacturing, you need to prepare such elements:
- 2 resistors;
- 1 transistor;
- 2 capacitors;
- 4 diodes.
It is better to install a cooling system especially for the transistor. This will avoid overloading the system. It is better to install the device with a good power reserve in order to charge later batteries with a small capacity.
