One of the key stages of arranging the roofing system at home is drainage. Without its organization it is impossible to protect the facade of the building from rain and water flows during the period of snow melting.
How is the installation of gutters and what to consider when installing a structure, we consider in the article.
The content of the article:
- Highlights in the design of gutters
- The components of the drainage system
- Choices of material types
- Calculation of the required number of elements
- Bracket attachment methods
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Technology of installation of drains
- Mounting of horizontal elements
- Arrangement of drain and drain pipes
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Highlights in the design of gutters
The question of how the drainage system will be equipped should be decided at the design stage of the building.
In the preparation of calculations need to be guided by the requirements of the current SNiPa 2.04.01-85. Such an approach will allow, taking into account all the nuances, to correctly select the optimal variant of the design execution.
The key purpose of the drainage system is to collect and discharge sediments, thereby protecting the walls and foundation of the building from premature destruction.
The main points that should be followed when designing the drainage system:
- Having made a copy of the roof drawing, draw a plan for the location of the elements of the drain.
- Calculate the total area of the roof and all its slopes separately, taking into account the adjacent vertical walls.
- Based on the indications of the intensity of rain in a given area, determine the capacity of the system.
- In accordance with the obtained values, determine the diameter of the installed drainpipes, the number and section of the drain funnels, as well as the frequency of their placement along the wall of the building.
The result should be a system capable of collecting and withdrawing the maximum amount of fluid.
At the design stage it is important to determine the location of the risers so that they do not violate the exterior composition. Most often, they are placed in the corners of the building, but it is perfectly acceptable to arrange the arrangement in the niche created by the bay window.
If the discharge coming from the drain pipe will be carried out on the blind area, it is better to remove the risers as much as possible. from the entrances to the basement, the basement vents and pedestrian near the house tracks.
The components of the drainage system
The system includes two groups of parts - horizontal and vertical drainage parts. Together they have about a dozen types of structural elements, each of which performs its task.
The main thing when choosing components of the drainage system is to select elements that, both in constructive terms and in appearance, harmoniously complement the overall picture.
Structural elements of the drainage system are:
- drain pipes - key functional elements of the system, designed to move the mass of water from the roof;
- gutter - narrow channels for collecting and redirecting water;
- funnels - conical sockets at the top of the pipe are designed to collect, delay and drain the water flowing down the gutters;
- knees - designs in the form of short bent pipe sections are installed to change the direction of water flow;
- brackets - fasteners for fixing the gutter to the roof;
- seals - doborny elements provide fastening durability in places of joints;
- hose clamps - fasteners for fixing the structure to the facade of the building.
At construction drainage system on long-sloped roofs, additional gutter guides are installed. Their main purpose is to reduce the flow rate of water along the surface of the roof.
The structure assembled from the guide chutes is located almost parallel to the ridge so that it collects all the rainwater flowing down from the roof.
The form of gutters and brackets can be any. There are products with a round and semicircular cross section, U-shaped and trapezoidal shape.
Differ in the gutter and the method of connection with the bracket. The easiest way to install systems that involve fixing is through a simple snap. The swivel latches included in the package make it possible to dismantle a part of the chute without any special troubles if it is necessary to replace or carry out repair work.
Drainage funnels are universal, they can be installed anywhere in the drainage system. The plugs closing the gutters come in two versions: left and right.
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The drainage system includes horizontal gutters that collect rainwater from the slopes, funnels, redirecting water to drainpipes, and risers, which are used to drain water into storm sewer
Drainage funnels are installed on gutters at the points of connection to the gutters of vertical drain pipes.
The main part of the gutter riser is located vertically, adjacent to the wall, it goes around the eaves using two corner bends
In the construction of the drainage system, it makes sense if rainwater is drained into the storm sewer.
The components of the drainage system
Place of installation of the water collection funnel
Vertical Drainpipes
Stormwater installation for organized drainage
The connection of drainpipes and the laying of water outlets from the basement of a building cannot be done without engaging the knees. Their number is determined on the basis that three elbows are required to be installed on each drainpipe: one below and two above.
For fixing the gutter construction to the facade of the building used clamps. For metal water pipes choose fasteners with screw-down elements and a long pin. For PVC structures - plastic clamps with two points of support.
Choices of material types
The price of the drainage system depends on several factors, one of which is the material of manufacture. Variants of materials that you can choose when arranging the drainage system, the modern market offers a lot. The choice depends on the appearance of the building and the aesthetic views of its owner.
Galvanized steel drainage systems were installed in the houses of the old building, but today consumers are increasingly choosing structures made of polymers
The most widespread products made of polymers and metal.
Each species has its advantages and disadvantages:
- Plastic - lightweight, durable and at the same time quite easy to handle material. At a low price, it shows excellent operating parameters. Installation of PVC gutters does not cause any particular difficulties.
- Galvanized steel - durable and more durable material than the polymer. To make the product more presentable, manufacturers cover the steel with a polymer coating.
- Aluminum - lightweight and easy-to-use material, the service life of which reaches over half a century.
- Copper - beautiful, durable, but at the same time quite expensive metal. But he is vulnerable to the damaging effects of electrolytic vapor. To minimize risk, all elements of the system should be made of the same material.
Polyvinyl chloride, used for the production of components, is much lighter than metal. This makes it possible to install brackets with a smaller cross-section, while not losing the mechanical strength of the structure. But when installing PVC structures should be taken into account and linear variations in size.
In order to partially compensate for size fluctuations, manufacturers equip the gutters with special couplings that have notches on the inside
The compensating couplings enable the main elements of the system to be shortened and lengthened without the risk of deformation. They are also used in the installation of metal gutters, despite the fact that they have much less thermal expansion.
The material for the manufacture of seals serves EPDM rubber. It is a modern analogue of rubber.
EPDM rubber used in the production of seals is renowned for its high elasticity and ability to quickly return to its original shape even after a long service life.
To further protect the rubber and simplify the installation process, the seals are additionally treated with silicone grease.
Drainpipes produce lengths from one to four meters. They come in rectangular and circular sections. On their performance is not displayed. The choice is limited only by the constructive decision of the drainage system and the design decision of the front part of the house.
When purchasing drainpipes made of polymeric materials, keep in mind that they have the same diameter over their entire length. Therefore, to connect them to each other, special couplings will need to be used, which entails additional costs. We also offer you to read the article in which we reviewed all the pros and cons plastic and metal gutters.
Calculation of the required number of elements
This rather important event is better to be entrusted to specialists who sell drainage systems, or to the masters of the company who provide installation roofing services. In the absence of such a possibility, the calculation can be performed on its own.
Since in private construction, many try to get away from standard options and similar in construction of roofs, the required number of system elements should be calculated individually.
The main points of a competent calculation:
- Gutters. The total length of the canals should correspond to the length of all roof slopes used to collect water. Their joining is carried out using connectors.
- Water intake funnels. They are installed on the outer corners of the building and additionally placed every 8-12 meters so that the total slope of the channels is not too large.
- Drainpipes. The number of products corresponds to the number of craters, and the length - the distance from the roof to the surface of the earth.
- Brackets. The number of brackets is determined on the basis that one element is required for each meter of the channel. Additional holders will be required for the funnels in the center and the wall and in the corner of the house.
The number of clamps depends on the height of the building. But in any case, each separate installed section of the pipe is fixed with at least one clamp. When installing a drainpipe in a one-story building, it is often enough to have three fasteners located at the top, bottom and in the middle of the product.
Using the plan, it is convenient to divide the roof surface into equal areas of drain, served by nearby drains, and calculate the area
When calculating, they take as a basis the condition that per 1 sq. M of the roof in the horizontal projection should be 1.5 sq. Cm of the sectional area of the drain and funnel. For example: the cross-sectional area of a pipe D 100 mm is 78.5 sq. Cm. This is the average value.
Depending on whether it is necessary to install the system in regions with high rainfall, or, conversely, in arid areas, adjustments are made to the calculations.
Bracket attachment methods
Installing the brackets according to the rules is still at the stage preceding the laying of the roof. If the fixing is done after laying the cover, then the usual short hooks are used as fasteners.
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Short brackets are attached to the frontal board so that they create a slope in the direction of the catchment funnel. We calculate how much lower the hook at the funnel should be than the highest holder. Mark the position of the extreme brackets on the board
We fasten two extreme holders: the highest and the lowest, located next to the funnel. We connect them with fishing line or cord
We check the building level, whether the slope is created by the hooks and whether its value meets the conditions specified by the manufacturer of the drainage system
Mark up on the frontal board attachment points of ordinary hooks. Between them there should be an equal distance, the height is determined by the tensioned cord. Fasten short brackets with self-tapping screws
Step 1: Trying a short hook to the installation site
Step 2: Mount the highest holder
Step 3: Checking the Grade Mounts
Step 4: Fixing ordinary drain holders
Depending on the shape of the bracket, the elements can be fixed in one of three ways:
- Fixing to the frontal board of the roof - it is used if necessary to install the system on the finished roof.
- Mount on the rafter leg - used at the stage of installation prior to the laying of the roofing material.
- Fixing on the bottom edgeflooring or the first lath of the batten is used for the roof, the step between the rafters of which exceeds the mark of 600 mm.
The arms intended for fixing to a frontal roofing board, most often are included in the package of the systems executed from polyvinylchloride.
Suspended structures for fixing to the frontal board have reinforced vertical edges, due to which they can withstand heavy loads
Metal brackets for attachment to the frontal roofing board make shorter. If the design of the roof does not provide a frontal board, use the combined brackets.
They are equipped with extensions made of steel. Due to this, it is convenient to attach them directly to the rafter foot.
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On the legs of long brackets numbers are put down and a bend line is marked, which should ensure the slope of the chute.
Brackets are bending according to the markings made. The work is done with the help of special devices.
In accordance with the numbering lay the brackets on the crate
First, install two extreme brackets, between which pull the cord. This line is needed for a guideline that determines the slope.
Step 1: Layout of long brackets, taking into account the slope
Step 2: Bending Long Metal Brackets
Step 3: Layout the bent brackets on the slope
Step 4: Marking the holder attachment line
In case it is impossible to provide access to the rafters, metal crutches are attached to the wall. ” They act as a support for further mounting metal gutter.
The method of fixation, involving fastening on the rafter foot, is effective in arranging the roofs of houses in regions with heavy rainfall. Apply it and, if necessary, drainage of water from the roofs that have a large area, for the shelter of which heavy-weight coatings are used.
When performing mounting on a rafter foot, to increase reliability between fastenings, they maintain an equidistant distance equal to 50 centimeters.
In this method, the hooks are slid over the base and set at an equidistant distance in order to provide the desired slope of the chute.
The third method of fixation, which involves mounting on the crate, is most often used for arranging a roof with a coating of ondulin or metal tile. It is chosen only in the event that the recesses cannot reduce the carrying capacity of the batten in the area of the cornice.
For fixing the crate to the counter-rails, combined models of brackets or metal long hooks are used, digging them into the long grooves of the mounting bars
When choosing the third method, fixing it is important to remember that only strict adherence to the rules of installation and the order of installation can ensure the reliability and durability of the structure.
Technology of installation of drains
Installation of equipment for gutters is carried out after the completion of facing works. There is nothing difficult in how to prepare and install a drain. Installation of PVC systems can even be performed by a beginner.
Assembling and installing the drainage system includes a number of standard steps:
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Ideally, the drainage system is installed before laying the roof. But in the case of piece coating, you can remove the bottom row of tiles and carry out the work
Before mounting the brackets, select the optimal position of the extreme holders. They should provide a slope in the direction of the funnel, the width of the gutter should be 1/3 protruding beyond the edge of the cornice
According to the mark we bend the legs of the two extreme brackets located at the highest and lowest points of the gutter
After installing the two extreme brackets we connect them by pulling a fishing line or twine. This line is needed for accurate marking of ordinary holders.
Construction levels check the slope created by the holders
The edges of the gutter, located near the angle of the slopes, close the plugs to prevent water from flowing past the funnel
If the length of the equipped slope is more than 3 meters, then we increase the gutters with a connector that compensates for linear expansion
Fixed on the gutter brackets fix, tilting the holder tab
Step 1: Install additional lath
Step 2: Fitting the bracket to define the fold line
Step 3: Install the extreme gutter holder
Step 4: Layout of installation of ordinary brackets
Step 56 Checking the slope
Step 6: Install the plug on the edge of the gutter
Step 7: Connect the gutter parts
Step 8: Fixing the gutter with a bracket tongue
After installing and fixing the gutters in the lowest points of the drainage system install drainage funnels, which connect the drain pipes:
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Remove the part of the gutter, to which the catchment funnel and the riser will be connected. We attach the funnel to mark a hole through it that will be cut in the gutter
In the spot marked on the gutter we drill a hole with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the drain pipe
At the bottom of the gutter we apply the catchment funnel and fix it by snapping the edges on the gutter edge.
We return the chute with a funnel in place. We connect two elbows to the drainage funnel to bring the main part of the pipe closer to the wall.
Step 9: Marking the installation location of the funnel
Step 10: Drilling a hole in the gutter
Step 11: Mount the funnel on the gutter
Step 12: Connect the drain pipe to the funnel
Mounting of horizontal elements
A set of tools that will be needed during the work:
- marking cord;
- roulette length of at least 3 meters;
- hacksaw;
- universal screwdriver;
- hammer;
- flat bending;
- pipe tongs.
Some craftsmen cutting metal gutters and pipes are performed with the help of a grinder. But this is far from the best solution, since the rotating disk heats up the polymer coating during operation. And this may cause damage to the elements of the drain during operation.
The first step is to mount the brackets, which are designed to support the drainage funnels, placing them at a distance of 5-10 cm from the elements
The installation of the brackets begins with the installation of the extreme elements. Then the distance between the drain pipes is divided into equal intervals of length 60-80 cm for the installation of the remaining hooks.
In order to simplify the task for yourself, by ensuring a uniform slope of the grooves in the direction of the water receiving funnels, it is better to pull the cord when marking. The boundary values of the slope - from 2 to 5 mm per running meter. To improve the accuracy of the installation, it is better to designate several key lines, pulling the cord in two or three rows for this.
If you have to work with metal hooks-brackets, before you attach, they must be bent in accordance with the angle of the roof
In the process of mounting the brackets, the slope is achieved by shifting the short fasteners vertically or by bending the metal holders in the calculated position.
In order not to disturb the galvanization and not to damage the polymer coating, a special tool, a flat bending, is used to bend the fasteners.
Fix the brackets on the mounting plate at three points, using self-tapping galvanized screws, not forgetting to correct along the direction of deviation from the direction specified by the cord
Gathering drainage system can be done in one of two ways:
- All elements should be laid out on the ground in a horizontal position, and then inserted into the brackets fixed along the building perimeter. This method is applicable for small houses and small areas of decoration.
- The traditional option involves the phased assembly of all elements of the system directly on the building.
Installation of the drain should be made in the order “from top to bottom”: first install water intakes, then connect the drain risers. This is dictated by the technological features of the drainage system.
In the traditional phased assembly of all elements of the drainage system, the installation of the structure is carried out strictly from the top down.
Before attaching the gutters to parts of the roof, they first mount the funnels, not forgetting to take into account possible temperature expansions. Then install the gutters, placing them 2 cm below the line, which conditionally protrudes as a continuation of the overhang. They are produced in lengths of 3-4 meters. Chutes, which occupy extreme positions in the line, will most likely have to be cut.
When installing the gutters it is worth remembering that they should be at least a third overlapped by the overhang of the eaves. Ideally, the overlap should be half of its own diameter.
The chute is placed in the holders in a slightly bent state, driving hooks into the grooves, first its distant side and then its nearest side, and locking it by means of a snap
A swivel element, connector or plug closes the line of grooves. When joining the elements on the inner surface put a layer of glue with a thickness of 5 mm.
An important point: the gutters made of polyvinyl chloride, can not be joined at close range. This can cause cracking and damage the structure.
Arrangement of drain and drain pipes
To move from the funnel to the drain, involve two knees and one straight stretch. For roofs with narrow cornices, the transition is collected by connecting only the upper and lower elbows. The distance of the lower knee to the wall of the building is usually determined by the manufacturer.
Assembling the drainpipe begins with the installation of a funnel, in the direction of which the slope of the gutters should be formed for the spontaneous flow of rainwater:
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In the place chosen for the device of the drainpipe, we mark on the gutter a hole under the drainage funnel. Put it to the back of the gutter and draw a hole with a marker.
In the marked place we cut a hole: in the metal gutter we cut it with scissors for metal, in the plastic one we drill it, having equipped the drill with a corresponding crown
We install the gutter on the place put to it and fix it with brackets. To the hole from the bottom side we attach the drainage funnel - the starting part for the drain riser
In order to bring the drainpipe closer to the wall so that it is not exposed to wind, we connect an angle tap to the outlet of the funnel.
Step 1: Layout Hole Installation
Step 2: Cutting the hole under the drain funnel
Step 3: Fixing the funnel on the gutter
Step 4: Connect the elbow to the funnel
The funnel is the starting element of the drainpipe to which it is connected. To connect at the top, they use two angled elbows, which can be interconnected, if the roof has a narrow eaves, or they can be connected using a pipe section, if the eaves are wide. Further:
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After the formation of the knee of the two corner bends on the wall mark the position of the drain pipe to install the mounting clamps
We mark the location of the lower clamp, which must be installed on the drain connection line, regardless of the height of the riser and the number of overhead clamps
According to the markup, we fix the clamps on the wall with which the drainpipe will be fixed.
We collect the parts of the drainpipe, acting from the top down, i.e. increasing the riser to the corner bend and further below. Fix the vertical pipe fixed to the wall with clamps
Step 5: Marking the gutter path
Step 6: Determine the position of the lower clamp
Step 7: Fixing the hose clips to the wall
Step 8: Assembling and Fixing the Drainpipe
Installation of drains should not cause any special difficulties. Four-meter segments are easily joined to each other with clutches. Connect the details, moving from top to bottom. The drain is attached to the lower end of the pipe with glue.
If you wish to collect rainwater in the accumulative tank for its economic use, connect to the drain pipe water collector:
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Using the template that is available in the water tank picking, we mark the place for its installation on the drainpipe
According to the markup made according to the template, we cut the pipe, acting with a fine-toothed saw
We put the upper part of the sump on the length of the riser sawn off from above, lower the lower part of the pipe on the lower part of the pipe
To the bottom of the catchment basin, in which the filter is located, we connect the inch hose and output it to the barrel, in which we will collect rainwater
Step 1: Marking the place to install the water tank
Step 2: Cutting the pipe to install the device
Step 3: Installing and Mounting the Sink
Step 4: Connect the water tank to the water tank
If the plot is equipped storm system, the task is simplified - the drainpipe is simply brought into the collecting well, or it is placed 5-10 cm from the surface of the tray.
For the possibility of fixing the drain riser mark the point of placement of clamps. The lowest point should be located directly above the drain. The riser clamps tighten not too tightly so that the pipe at the time of linear expansion could slightly move up or down.
In order for the water to flow freely from the roof during the cold season, the drains are equipped with a heating system. And how to do this, read in this material.
When planning to discharge water to the blind area, the lower end of the pipe should be equipped with a bend that has a offset located at an angle of 45 °
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Professional installer tips will always come in handy if you want to. install drainage system on the roof.
Drainage Tips:
Example of assembly and mounting elements:
Design and install a drain using a modern modular system under the power of any owner. The main thing is to have minimal building skills and not be afraid of heights.
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