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The lifting of water from the well is possible only by a pump. The submersible pump for the well must comply with the conditions - raise the liquid to the desired height with the required flow rate, be safe and reliable. A conscious choice of the pump can be done knowing the features of different types of equipment, operating conditions.
Technical parameters of water extraction from the well
Selection of a submersible pump for a well begins with a study of the well, feeding water into a container of a certain height or a distance. The initial data is available in the well data sheet:
- depth of the well;
- static mirror level;
- dynamic level - decrease during operation of the pump can be 3-8 meters;
- flow - the flow of water in a unit of time from the horizon.
Using this data, you need to calculate the maximum head and pump capacity. The productivity should not exceed the flow rate of the well.
High performance will cause frequent protection from "dry running can lead to the loss of the water horizon due to changes in the movement of the source.
The head of the submersible pump for the well must provide a vertical lift of water from the well and feed into the vessel. If the battery is at a distance, every 10 meters of the horizontal pipe is equal to 1 meter of head. It is necessary to take into account losses on resistance and bends of 20%, and add 10-30 m to create pressure in the pipe. All the measurements are total, this is the required minimum pump head.
The operating capacity of the submersible downhole pump is selected based on a flow rate of 300 l / h per person. When using a water reservoir, the flow can be reduced. Peak loads will be compensated for by lowering the level in the battery.
Types of submersible downhole pumps
There are several types of submersible pumps that differ in the principle of operation. Often used apparatus:
- centrifugal;
- screw;
- vibratory.
The most widespread was the centrifugal submersible pump. In the sealed housing on the shaft are impellers, driven by an integrated electric motor. The number of impellers on the shaft determines the capacity and head of the machine. The wheels are made of special materials, polycarbonate, steel or noryl. The longer the body, the more wheels in the design, the higher the engine power. In this case, a casing with a cross section of 120 mm is sufficient to house a pump in it.
Equipment in the well must have increased reliability. The automation for the submersible pump provides protection against electrical breakdown, overheating and "dry start". The leader and developer of deep submersible pumps is the Danish company Grundfoz. Series SP, SQ are designed for installation in wells. The price of the submersible pump for Grundfos well is no less than 30 thousand rubles. But the pump is reliable, durable, can pump even muddy water from a depth of 50 m.
Three times cheaper pump "Aquarius". He does not fear a suspension of sand up to 180 g / m3, voltage drops. But he can raise water from a height of 10 meters.
In circulation pumps, pressure and capacity are related by an inverse proportion. The higher the pressure, the lower the water flow.
Screw Pumps for Water Submersible
The presence of internal threads on the stator and the rotor spiral of the pump allow you to lift very dirty water in a spiral. The pump is used to create a clean bed in the well chamber, when pumping the first portions of water. But further use is unprofitable, since the efficiency of the device is below 65%, and it is irrational to apply it in wells with clean water.
Screw pumps with an increase in the number of revolutions increase productivity, the head remains unchanged.
Screw pumps for submersible water can be purchased from the company "Aquarius" of the BTPE series. Apparatuses are compact, it is possible to install 110 mm into the well. You can buy Belarussian model Belamos. The Unipump pump is much more expensive than the named units, but it outperforms them significantly in terms of performance.
Vibratory Submersible Pumps
A vibrating pump is called so because of the vibrations of the membrane under the influence of the electromagnetic forces of an alternating current of 50 Hz. Since the poles change 50 times per second, the number of oscillations is 2 times greater. At the same time, the shaking of the case is captured, and the whole apparatus is called vibrational. The pump includes the following components and parts:
- The pump drive is represented by an electromagnet representing a U-shaped core with a winding in a jacket of epoxy resin - a compound.
- The vibrator represents an anchor with a fixed rod with a rubber shock absorber. The shock absorber is connected by a rubber clutch, which performs insulation functions and fixes the rod.
- The rod is a rod entering the water chamber and fixing on the wet side.
- A chamber for suction of water with a receiving and delivery branch pipe.
- Adjusting washers. The higher, the higher the pump capacity. With their help change the amplitude of the piston.
- Rubber gaskets serve as a shock absorber and a non-return valve.
Structurally, there are models with upper and lower water intake. The upper suction nozzle allows the use of cleaner, not silted water.
The design was developed in the last century in the Soviet Union, it is used in the CIS countries, it is represented by pumps Rucheyk, Malysh, Aquarius. The ability of these devices to work with dirty water is used to clean the bottom of the well from silt. In this case, a pump with a lower fence should be used. Upon completion of the cleaning of the well, the rubber parts will have to be replaced, but this costs much less than hiring a team of workers.
What is the difference between a submersible drainage pump and a downhole pump
Submersible pumps differ in function. Apparatuses designed to raise clean cold water, for hot agents and for pumping liquids with mechanical and other impurities. Wells or drainage pumps can be used to remove dirty water.
The submersible drainage pump has large dimensions, holes for fence, and is sometimes equipped with a chopper. They are used to remove garbage, pumping water from flooded cellars, canals, wells or waste storage.
Submersible pumps for a well can pump liquid from a depth of up to 20 meters, surface installations can not cope with such a task.
The design of drainage submersible pumps is simple, but special internal and external protection is required to pump special formulations. Therefore, on a cold agent, all drainage pumps can work, and the swelling of hot drains is trusted by foreign famous brands - Grundfoz, Park, Kercher. Their pumps have a thermo-insulating layer, so that the engine heats up more slowly, a channel construction is made. For the build-up of cold drains, the Malysh and Caliber apparatus are used. In any case, the weak point of drainage pumps is engine overheating.
Installation of the drainage submersible pump is simple. The pump is mounted on a plane and the hose is put on the discharge line. Connect, check the presence and operation of the float switch. Install the device, lowering it to the bottom or hanging it at a certain height.
