Contents
- №1.Heat and sound insulating plates
- №2.Basalt slabs
- №3.Ecowool
- №4.Foam glass
- №5.Foamed polyethylene
Everyone wants his home to be comfortable in all respects, and among them silence and warmth are almost the most important. In order to create an optimal microclimate and maximum comfort in an apartment, it is necessary to warm it and protect it from external sounds that come from the street, motorways or from neighboring apartments. Kill two birds with one stone will help special materials belonging to the class of heat and sound insulators. Due to their structure, they regulate the indoor climate and absorb sound waves. In the building stores you can find several types of such materials.
№1.
heat and sound insulating plates heat and sound insulating plates are one of the most popular materials that are used if necessary to simultaneously protect your house from noise and increase its insulation so that it is comfortable there in summer and winter with minimal heating or air conditioning costs. This is a natural material,
Heat and sound insulating plates - excellent insulation , whose effectiveness can be compared with mineral wool. This material helps to maintain one temperature in the room, not allowing the house to warm up quickly in summer and cool in winter. Features of the structure allow you to reliably delay extraneous sounds, isolate those in the apartment from the shock and airborne noise, which makes it possible to protect from loud neighboring conversations and almost neutralize the sound from working instruments. In addition, the plates can improve the acoustics inside the room, and save it from the echo effect.
But only on sound absorption and thermal insulation the advantages of the material are not limited. Thus, the plates are able to regulate the microclimate in the room, absorb excess moisture and give it up when the air in the room becomes too dry. It is worth noting some of the features that occur when in contact with water. The wood fibers of the material are somewhat reminiscent of felt, which means that the plate, even if it absorbs about 20% of moisture relative to its volume, will still retain its original geometric dimensions. In addition, it is a fairly durable material that will last at least 50 years. As a rule, one of the sides of the plates is smooth and designed for further finishing, which will be as simple as possible, because the surface does not need to be leveled. The installation of heat-insulating plates is not complicated: they can be fixed both on glue and on the sheathing, and on top of the material you can use any finishing finish: wallpaper, paint, plaster, etc.
№2.Basalt
basalt basalt - another unique material that combines the properties of insulation and sound insulator , and all thanks to the structural features. The manufacturing process begins with a melt of raw materials, which is used as rocks such as basalt, clay, limestone, dolomite. Next, the melt turns into a multitude of fine fibers, which are interconnected by the addition of special substances. The final stage is drying at high temperatures, which gives the material additional useful performance, includingstrength and elasticity.
The fibrous structure of the plates determines and low thermal conductivity( about 0.04 W / m * K), but this characteristic largely depends on the moisture of the material: in the dry state, the insulation properties are best, and as they get wet, they deteriorate. The structure of basalt slabs allows you to protect your home from the most annoying low-frequency noise , and this is the steps of neighbors, the blows of various instruments, etc. The material also effectively protects the from the high-frequency noise of the and significantly reduces the time of revibration, because the sound wave is absorbed and converted into thermal energy.
Basalt slabs are distinguished by fire resistance properties, good vapor permeability, which allows the walls to "breathe" and expel excessive moisture into the atmosphere. This is a safe material with high strength, unchanged during operation, and this property allows the use of basalt slabs in the arrangement of heat and sound insulation systems on any objects. High strength characteristics are explained by the fact that in the production process the fibers are reoriented. The plates are resistant to rotting, aggressive media, can last 70 years more, which is explained by the origin of the material: in fact, it is a stone stretched into a thread. This type of heat and sound insulation can be called safe for health and environmentally friendly. Moreover, the material is easily cut, which allows you to simplify the process of its installation as much as possible and even perform it yourself.
№3.Ecowool
Ecowool, by its name, indicates that it is a natural material, , and therefore not capable of causing allergies and other diseases in humans. This is one of its main advantages. Ecowool is made from waste cardboard industry, the remnants of newspapers, corrugated packaging, as well as from defective printed products, etc. As a result, the material consists of more than 80% cellulose. Boric acid is also added during production - a powerful antiseptic that opposes the development of fungus and mold, and flame retardants - substances that reduce the ability to ignite and resist burning. Sodium tetraborate is often used as a flame retardant. As is clear from the composition, there are no synthetic substances in ecowool, which gives the right to call it one of the most environmentally friendly heat insulators. And when it burns, no specific toxic substances are released.
The material differs relative to by a low thermal conductivity coefficient of , which is at a level of 0.032 W / m * K, which is approximately equivalent to radiant mineral wool insulation. But in terms of sound insulation of ecowool is even more effective than basalt slabs, and to create the same effect it is necessary to use a much less thin layer of material. The elastic structure of ecowool allows you to delay sound waves, thereby protecting the inhabitants of the apartment noise of any nature. A striking example of the sound insulation characteristics of the material: a wooden frame construction, 7.5 cm thick, on which two sides of gypsum cardboard with a total thickness of 1.3 cm are attached, reduces external noise by 37 dB.If one of the sides of this design is attached to ecowool 2.5 cm thick, then the sound insulation of the partition will increase to 65 dB.Another example: a drywall sheet with a thickness of 12.5 mm and a 5 cm eco-wool layer has a sound absorption index of 63 dB.If we take into account the fact that a person reduces the external noise by 10 dB already perceived as a 2-fold reduction, then with eco wool you can achieve incredible results and make your apartment comfortable.
The Ecowool layer is able to absorb excess moisture from the room and give it away, but the operational properties of the material do not deteriorate. Since the structure of the material is capillary, micro droplets do not accumulate in it - moisture goes into the atmosphere, regulating the microclimate in the room. Vapor barrier when using this material is not needed, which simplifies the process of arranging such heat and sound insulation and reduces the cost of construction.
Despite the fact that ecowool consists of 80% of paper, it resists fire quite well: it ignites poorly and does not support its spread. It is all about the fire retardants, which are part of the material, and the water molecules contained in the salts of boric acid, when heated, are released and contribute to the spontaneous attenuation of ecowool. Due to the presence of boric acid, the material is protected from the spread of mold in it, bacteria, and rodents in ecowool do not start. This material can be called durable, as it will last at least 50 years.
№4.Foamglass
Foamglass is a very popular insulation with excellent sound insulation parameters. The material has been actively used in European countries for a long time, and here it only makes itself felt. Interestingly, it was invented in the middle of the last century, but at that time its manufacturing technology was so complex and expensive that it did not use its popularity. Today, technologies have become much more advanced, and although foam glass is still not a cheap material, it has become a popular thermal insulation material.
When manufacturing, only safe components are used: silicate glass and some kind of blowing agent, for example, coke, coal, soot or anthracite. After heating the mixture to 10000С, passing the reaction and foaming, the volume of the material increases 15 times, and in the structure there appears a mass of bubbles saturated with air or carbon dioxide. In this structure, and hides all the useful performance properties of foam glass.
The thermal insulation properties of the material are slightly inferior to ecowool, but still give the right to use foam glass as a good insulation. The thermal conductivity coefficient of is 0.045 W / m * K, but this figure does not change during operation, and after 50-60 years it remains exactly the same, which cannot be said about many other insulants. The structure of the material helps him absorb external noise of a different nature : for example, a 10 cm layer of foam glass can reduce the noise level by 56 dB.
Among other advantages of the material - moisture resistance, breathability, low density, which allows not to heavily weight the structure. The foam glass has a good vapor permeability, retains all its operational properties in a wide range of temperatures. In addition, it is completely non-flammable material, because in fact it is an ordinary glass. Previously, foam glass was used in the ceilings of nuclear power plants, in the construction of expensive hotels and in other facilities where the highest demands were placed on safety. From the composition of the material it is clear that it is safe, it will not become a place for the development of rodents, mold, bacteria, etc. Foamglass has good adhesion to almost all building materials and boasts durability. The only disadvantage of of this heat and sound insulator is its high cost.
№5.Foamed polyethylene
Foamed polyethylene - a material obtained from polyethylene, has a closed-porous structure, thanks to which it is widely used as a heat and sound insulator. It has excellent thermal insulation properties, as indicated by the thermal conductivity coefficient of , which is at a level of 0.038 W / m * K.Foamed polyethylene is used more and more often as a heat-insulating material, and a 1 cm layer can replace 5 cm of mineral wool in its effectiveness. As a sound insulator, the material also manifests itself perfectly, absorbing a significant part of the sound waves, which is possible due to its structure.
Among other things, this material is absolutely not afraid of water and almost does not absorb it, even with direct contact. It is biologically stable, non-toxic and durable, and its service life is about 80-100 years. The process of its transportation and installation is simple, but there are some drawbacks. These include flammability and sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, therefore, during transportation, installation and operation, it must be carefully protected from direct sunlight.
