Despite the appearance on the market of low-cost and practical materials, copper pipes are still successfully used for the assembly of the internal wirings of the heating circuits. But copper - it is an expensive material, so the installation of the copper heating pipes should be carefully studied the rules and regulations.
The efficiency of the complete system depends on the quality of the equipment and the skill of making connections.
Together, let us consider the features of copper pipes for heating and installation technology.
The content of the article:
- Differences copper pipes for heating
- Regulatory requirements for pipes
- Technology and the rules for the implementation of installation
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How to connect the pipes capillary soldering?
- Materials and tools for the job
- Description of the soldering process
- Precautions
- Installation instructions for using the fittings
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Differences copper pipes for heating
Copper has a whole set of positive qualities that stands out from the rest of the materials. If the building project allows you to use such expensive items, the kit should be purchased for the internal wiring of the heating system
copper pipes and fittings in the amount scored in the estimate.Pros copper pipes:
- Metal expansion capacity makes it easy to transfer the high coolant temperature, rapid temperature leaps and even freezing water;
- For the same reason, copper is excellent withstand pressure drops in the network, as well as possible hydroblows;
- reddish metal has resistance to hard water containing impurities - lime, chloro, etc .;
- material does not have a perfect smoothness of the inner walls, but a low degree of roughness safeguard against the formation of limescale and creates a slight resistance to movement coolant;
- Copper is known that resists the growth of harmful bacteria and mold growth;
- a combination of strength and softness can create lines of various construction;
- in some cases, heating wiring performs a decorative function, but for interior decoration recommend safer copper circuits or cold-water pipeline.
To foreign objects Do not wait for the pipes and did not reduce the functionality to the coolant special requirements: The water should be clean, filtered.
But also in copper tube has its drawbacks, the main of which is the high cost. If we compare the two meter tube diameter of 26 mm made of metal and copper, the first will cost 147 rubles, and the second - to 486 rubles. It turns out that copper wiring comes out more than 3 times more expensive.
Using a metal pipe the device heating circuits, one should not forget that they can be heated to 70-80 ° C, thus posing a threat to the health of occupants
Copper is selective with respect to other metals, so the fittings necessary to select carefully. Aluminum, duralumin or steel parts causing the electrochemical reaction and rapid corrosion.
Therefore typically use either "native" copper connecting elements, or of brass, bronze, chrome or nickel. Tin or solder the PIC is used only in the soldering process.
Regulatory requirements for pipes
If copper is the material completely satisfied and the cost of products does not bother to check the compliance of all components of the national standards system.
For information about the rules the manufacture of pipes can be found in the GOST R 52318-2005 "Pipes made of copper ...", where lists the products of copper for HVS systems, hot water, gas supply, as well as steam and water heating
Also useful documents regulating the installation of wiring - STR NP "AVOK" 6.3.1-2007 "Pipelines of copper pipes ..." and SP 40-108-2004 "Design and installation ...". On individual items spaced requirements assortment of products, The composition of the coolant, the characteristics of pipes.
Data tables and charts to help select solders. It may be useful material for corrosion protection, repair work and the methods of calculation.
Technology and the rules for the implementation of installation
To begin, consider the general rules relating to the installation of copper piping. As is well known, metal is an excellent conductor. To provide protection from stray currents, as well as reduce the risk of corrosion, you can use the product in a polymer shell.
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Unlike the assembly of water supply systems, heating systems installation allows the use of lead solder in the soldering process, as water is technical and is not intended for drinking
The contact between copper and aluminum is prohibited. If it is impossible to avoid the compound of these two metals, must be placed between the dielectric - the fitting of bronze, brass or insertion of polypropylene
Brass is recognized as one of the best materials for the assembly of copper heating networks. It is similar in specifications, does not cause electrochemical reactions, and is slightly cheaper
Recommend connected radiators, bimetallic or made of copper. There are models of other metals, but adapted for connection with copper pipes
Ability to use lead solder
The compound of copper and aluminum parts
The use of brass fittings and adapters
What are the radiators for better systems of copper
In private practice quite rare, but still used in industrial assembly of pipelines from steel and copper. In this case it is recommended to use steel riser, and copper - for wiring, ie steel products current coolant should be at the first position. Fasteners of magnesium required.
There are several ways to connect products, the choice of each depends on the specific situation:
- capillary soldering with solder;
- compression fittings;
- Pressed fittings;
- Screwing.
The latter method is almost never used, because lost its relevance. Soldering and crimping are different levels of complexity, implementation techniques, the presence of different tools, but equally claimed. Consider three popular devices pipelines technology.
How to connect the pipes capillary soldering?
Pike takes more time, but made connections are durable and integrity. The best option for solving everyday problems - using a solder. Operating temperature is not higher than 250 ° C.
Application of the braze increases strength, but the work required for expensive equipment and special conditions, since the soldering process takes place at a temperature above 700 ° C.
By using unsplit soldering are compounds that are either flared manner, either via fittings. At one end of the socket pipe technology necessary to expand so that when interfacing components between their walls formed a width of 0.2-0.3 mm gap.
It is filled with solder, and then create a seal. But a closer look at the fitting solder, the most popular among installers.
Materials and tools for the job
It is necessary to prepare the copper pipes and fittings, but not the first available type and specifically designed for soldering.
Connectors and adapters for soldering differ smooth surface and the absence of additional grooves, nuts, rings, etc. They can be straight, angled, cross shape - depending on destination
Tools for the job:
- gas-burner - enough propane;
- expander for pipes (calibrator);
- casing knifeSince the metal scissors deformed shape of the pipe;
- Flat skimmers;
- means for cleaning and polishing (fine sandpaper, brushes, cloths).
When selecting the solder is better to stop on the option with tin basis. Besides tin in the solder composition may include bismuth or silver. This kind is good in that its melting temperature is much lower than that of articles made of copper.
More about solders for the soldering of copper pipes can be found in this material.
In the soldering process the solder will liquefy and be able to hermetically fill the gap coupling, whereas copper elements do not respond to heat.
Also needed solder flux. This kind of lubricant for parts of items that need to connect. Flux gently applied with a brush on the surface of the pipes and fittings,
For the convenience of assembly work, you can use special fittings for soldering. They differ in that the ends have a narrow groove filled with solder.
The low-temperature (soft) solder characteristic of domestic work, and a high temperature (rigid) is used in the production. Hard appearance is also used when connecting tubes conditioning systems and refrigeration systems.
Description of the soldering process
Copper - malleable material, easy to work with him, but with no experience is best to practice on unnecessary pipe pieces.
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Using the tubing cutter, a special tool, producing cutting elements. Operation is best carried directly during installation to adjust the length as needed
Flat skimmers inserted into the pipe and rotate until remove edge, which has arisen in the course of cutting. It is necessary that the inside of the pipe is not Sause
First, the same Flat skimmers, but its other side, and then fine sandpaper handle outside of the tube so that the left and copper scratches shone
To increase the efficiency of rations must be carefully cleaned and the second part - Area, adapter. The right tool - a screwdriver with a nozzle of a conventional brush
For flux application suitable ordinary clerical glue brush. We take the solution in small portions and distribute a thin layer on the surface of the pipe
Prepared purified Area put on the end of a pipe coated with flux. To compound was denser tube is screwed lightly in Area
Before you start you need to remove excess solder flux or paste. For this is useful to ordinary cloth. When the surface is completely clean, for the convenience of the item is fixed in a vise
In one hand we take the solder to another burner and begin to gently produce solder. Heating pipe, put the solder to a single point, thanks to the principle of capillary action, he himself will be spread over the entire area
Step 1 - cutting a copper pipe to a predetermined size segments
Step 2 - Flat skimmers removing edge
Step 3 - Preparation outer wall Solder
Step 4 - Treatment inner corner surface
Step 5 - applying a flux or paste to the end of the pipe
Step 6 - twisting the pipe end inside corner
Step 7 - Cleaning cloth seat connection
Step 8 - the process of soldering with soldering
Connection is necessary to cool, and then rinse thoroughly with clean water interface. If you do not remove any residual solder, over time, they provoke corrosion. Accelerate the process of cooling with cold air or water is not recommended, the compound is cooled for 7-10 minutes in vivo.
We also recommend you to get acquainted with steps to soldering copper pipes. Learn more - read Further.
Precautions
Pike, unlike crimp connection methods is dangerous event, during which the need to use protective equipment. Besides working clothes made of thick material, you need to wear gloves and goggles with special glass or plastic.
Manipulation of the burner need attention, accuracy and professionalism. The tool must be roadworthy and fuel - suitable composition. Better to use the device with a convenient pezorozzhigom
Some types of solders contain fluorine, and cadmium, and by heating of flux are also allocated harmful compounds, so the time necessary to hold the window open.
Installation instructions for using the fittings
There are two types of compression fittings - the so-called Pressing and compression. They create a completely different connection, so before any work is necessary to determine which compounds would you like to see: one-piece or split conditionally.
Elements for pressing fittings similar to solder, but the edges have a shallow recess with sealing gaskets. With special pressing jaws which have a set of nozzles for different diameters, pressure testing is performed.
As a result, it creates a hermetic permanent connection that can not be repaired, and in the event of an accident can only be replaced.
The store can be seen at first glance identical parts, but they differ in characteristics (composition, wall thickness, etc.). heating fittings are labeled green
Baling creates a strong, reliable connection parts, while retaining the geometry of the pipes and does not deform the coupling elements. There is a caveat compact "soft" copper products: before operation inside a pipe is inserted into the support sleeve, which resists deformation of the flexible material
molding process is simple and not time consuming. Because the tool requires the standard set for cutting and machining tubes, and a press tool with a desired packing.
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Fasteners should be selected according to the size of the pipe, which is often quoted in inches. Also do not forget about the marking, you do not accidentally use a fitting for gas or cold-water
For a firm connection that requires no additional lubrication or solutions. Just put on a fitting on the pipe and lightly placed in position
You must accurately mark the mounting location, so using the marker marks the border connections - simply draw out part of the circle
Insert the connected parts in a pincer movement, gently stifle and produce pressing. We make sure that the parts are not separated - this helps the labeling
Step 1 - Select a brass or copper fittings
Step 2 - compound and copper pipe fitting (corner cross, adapter)
Step 3 - marking fitting mounting space
Step 4 - pressing special pressing jaws
Pressing it reliable manner. If you plan to heat insulation copper pipes, you can use insulation tubes that are easy to put on even on curved designs. After pressing, the finished heating network can be masked in cutting grooves, close decorative trim and fill screed.
The second type of fittings - compression. They differ in design and installation process.
Compression fitting for copper tubes - a collection device consisting of three parts: a copper or brass housing of the compression ring, which is also called a collet and nut
The procedure for crimping the following:
- onto the prepared end of the tube free throws nut;
- then put on the collet;
- at least put on the fitting body until it stops;
- a nut threadably screwed manually, while pressing the split ring;
- Connect reaches an adjustable or is sized wrench.
During the compression crimping rezreznoe ring tightly wraps the tube, creating a strong and tight connection. The nut can become loose over time, so lines with installation type should be regularly maintained.
The compounds conventionally separable, since they can be disassembled, but a fragment of a jammed ring if necessary have to remove and install a new fitting.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Depending on the location of the pipe, the diameter of the product and installation conditions, you can choose one or another method. Useful tips for their use are presented in the following videos.
Recommendations for the compact pipes of small and large diameter:
As for soldering:
An overview of all types of fittings:
Nuances soldering - a practical application:
Everyone the pipe joining method It has its own characteristics that must be considered at the design stage. Simpler seen crimping technology, while soldering required experience and professional skill.
If the assembly of the pipeline seems complex, it is recommended to invite a specialist assistants and already under its management to make installation of heating systems with copper pipes.
If you have the necessary experience and expertise for installation of copper piping, share it with our readers. Perhaps you know some subtleties of installation about which we have not mentioned in this article? Please leave your comments in the box located below.
