Honeysuckle edible - planting and care, varieties, useful properties

Three types of honeysuckle are most common: Kamchatka, edible, Turchaninova. Now many new varieties are bred. You can call them one species - edible honeysuckle. Although honeysuckle as a food plant has been known for a long time, but only relatively recently( the last 10-15 years) gardeners have become interested in it. But this is a wonderful berry vitamin culture with a mass of useful properties! Honeysuckle edible, planting and care, its cultivation have some peculiarities, but even a novice gardener will master them.

Honeysuckle very fast-growing fruit. Berries ripen much earlier than strawberries. In addition, it is hardy - it grows even in the North. Therefore, the question of the proper planting of honeysuckle worries many.

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Honeysuckle - useful properties and contraindications

And what a complex of vitamins! Fruits contain up to 11% sugar, 100 g of fruits contain up to 50 mg of vitamin C, up to 3.8 mg - B2, up to 9.2 mg - B9, up to 1000 mg - P, not counting the rich complex of organic acids, pectic substances. Berries contain a lot of iodine, manganese, iron, copper.

Honeysuckle berries contain inositol, betaine is a biologically active substance, stimulates fat metabolism. Triterpenic acids, a considerable amount of potassium, magnesium, and sodium are present in the fruit. It is known that triterpene acids are part of the triterpene glycosides - and these are the main components of ginseng. By the way, honeysuckle berries contain more potassium than cranberries.

In addition, the optimal combination of P-active substances, vitamin C helps to restore the elasticity of blood vessels, their permeability, normalize the lymph flow, reduce swelling. P-active substances( and many of them contain edible honeysuckle) have anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antipyretic, antitumor, rejuvenating effect.

Traditional medicine has long used honeysuckle for gastrointestinal diseases, malaria, blood diseases, kidney disease - a diuretic. Fruits are used fresh, from them prepare jam, jam, juice.

Berries do not contain a single substance harmful to the human body, this is officially confirmed by research scientists.

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Reproduction of edible honeysuckle -

methods Reproduce edible honeysuckle by seed, dividing the bush, layings, it is especially well taken root when it is planted by cuttings.

The easiest way is to divide the bush, but for this you need to have an already grown sprouting shrub, which with a slight hilling gives a mass of adventitious roots. In spring or autumn, digging up a plant, you need to cut a bush into several smaller parts, each of which will take root when transplanted.

Seeds of honeysuckle are very small, give variegated offspring during germination. The above-ground part after germination grows slowly, but the root system develops well. Full fruiting plants occurs in 3-4 years.

Honeysuckle reproduces very well by cuttings. Annual( green) shoots are suitable for rooting. As soon as the berries begin to ripen( and this is practically the first berries that ripen), you should cut the twigs from the bush you like. Rooting cuttings should not be long - it is enough to have 2-3 buds on them. Remove leaves from cuttings - the top 2 leaves can be left. You can root them in a greenhouse or an ordinary flower pot. But with any method of rooting, it is necessary to create certain conditions for them.

If you decide to plant honeysuckle cuttings in the greenhouse, they are stuck in loose soil( the ratio of sod land, humus, sand is 1: 1: 1), additionally covered them with plastic film or plastic bottles to create a moist microclimate. Do the same if you decide to root the cuttings in a flower pot. If the weather is hot, they should be regularly sprayed with water. After two or three weeks, start airing them, opening the film for a while or removing the plastic coating. After 1.5-2 months, the coating can be removed altogether. Usually, by the beginning of autumn, honeysuckle cuttings will give an increase in shoots of at least 20-25 cm. The cuttings that you rooted in the greenhouse can be left there until spring, and those rooted in pots can be planted in a permanent place - for the winter they can be tucked up above the ground or covered with dry grass.

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Cultivation of edible honeysuckle,

care features Two-year honeysuckle bush in March 2014

Worst in Kuban we take root after planting, Kamchatka honeysuckle grows. Probably, its adaptation to the local soil of volcanic origin has an effect.

In the wild, this plant grows in the Altai, Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Kamchatka. This shrub is 1-2 m tall with a spherical crown. The shoots are pubescent, the leaves are whole, oblong to 5.5 cm on fruitful shoots, up to 8 cm - on vegetative, opposite. The flowers are bisexual, greenish-yellow, rather large, collected in two-flowered inflorescences. This is a cross-pollinated plant, it is pollinated by insects.

For a good yield, it is desirable to plant at least 2-3 honeysuckle edible bushes, different varieties are possible. It blooms in the Kuban in early spring( March-April) for 2-3 weeks, which is not dangerous during spring frosts, the flowers withstand frost down to minus 7 degrees.

Honeysuckle fruits are of various shapes - rounded, pear-shaped, oblong 8-30 mm long, 6-15 mm wide, weighing about 1.5 g, dark blue with a bluish bloom, sour-sweet. To taste, they resemble blueberries - fragrant tender, juicy. Productivity - up to 3 kg from a bush.

Honeysuckle does not tolerate acidic soils, does not tolerate full shading, but partial shading tolerates well. The area of ​​nutrition of one seedling is approximately 1 × 1.5 m. It is better to plant the honeysuckle in the fall, before it frosts it will take root. In spring, planting is best done as early as possible, because the plant wakes up very early, buds bloom.

Pits for planting honeysuckle should be 60 × 60 cm, 50 cm deep. When planting, put stones on the bottom, mix the ground with humus or compost, and pour. Planting care is simple: weed removal, mulching.

Honeysuckle edible does not need annual pruning because of the longevity of its skeletal branches. It is practically resistant to diseases, pests.

One teaspoon of honeysuckle jam every day - many diseases will bypass you to a great age. And if you consider that this culture is hardy, does not require care, is durable, is harvested every year, beautiful, and the whole plant is healing - berries, leaves, branches, then it would be an unforgivable mistake not to have on your site a few shrubs of beautiful honeysuckle edible.

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Honeysuckle edible - varieties

Each honeysuckle variety has a different shape of berries. There are berries that have the shape of a jug, ball. There are oblong forms of berries or spindle-like.

Grade Blue Bird

Early, with an average yield( 1.5-2 kg from a bush).Berries - from small to medium( 0.7 g).Their shape is oval-cylindrical. Color - blue with a strong bluish bloom. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant. Disadvantages: after ripening berries quickly fall off.

Grade Blue spindle

Early, skoroplodny, with an average yield of 1.5-2 kg per bush. The shape of the berries - fusiform. The average fruit weight is 0.8 g. The color is bluish-blue. Taste - sweet with a light bitter zesty. Disadvantages - fruits quickly ripen after ripening.

Variety Azure

Medium-early, skoroplodny, with an average yield of 1.5-2 kg from a bush. The average mass of berries - 0.7 g. The shape of the fruit is oval-cylindrical. Color - bluish-blue. The taste is very good. Advantages - do not crumble after ripening.

Variety Berel

. Late, with high yields - 2-4 kg from a bush. The mass of berries - 0.9 g. Color - blue with bluish bloom. The taste is sweet and sour with a pleasant spicy flavor. Advantages - large fruits, high yield, berries do not crumble after ripening.

Variety Long-fruited

The average maturity, high yield - 1.5-1.8 kg per shrub. Variety breeding Chelyabinsk fruit and vegetable breeding station them. I.V.Michurin. The average weight of a berry is 0.7 g. The shape of the fruit is ovate-elongated. Color - blue. The taste is good, sweet and sour. Crop weakly showered after ripening, most of it remains on the bush.

Bakcharskaya Grade

Mid-Early. Selection Bakcharskogo stronghold of northern gardening( Tomsk region).Berry weight - 0.7 g. Fruit shape is pear-shaped. Color - purple-blue. The taste is very good, sweet and sour with a pleasant aroma. The crop is almost not showered after ripening. The yield is low, as this variety belongs to Turchaninov's honeysuckle. The bush is small, its diameter is two times smaller than that of other varieties.

Variety Bullfinch

Powermonger. It is considered the most dietary among all varieties. The taste is slightly bitter, healing. Honeysuckle berries have such a property - the more bitter it is, the more healing and useful it is.

Variety Viola

The average maturity. Large berries. Have a bitter taste. Good for hypertensives - help reduce pressure.

Grade Raisin

High-resistant. The berries are similar in shape to large raisins, slightly elongated. It tastes with a very weak tart bitterness, medicinal. When ripe, almost no showered.

Variety Penguin

Medium sized berries. Have a taste of strawberries.

Malvina Variety

Early Ripe. The shape of the fruit - like a pear. Berries dense, pleasant sweet-sour taste. Bushes are very decorative, they can be used in garden design for decorative fences. Especially beautiful during flowering.

Variety Nightingale

Very early. The berries are not very large, spindly, lumpy. The taste is sweet and sour. Abundant fructification.