We grow on our site fruit shrub gumi

video China is considered the birthplace of gumi, but the Japanese were the first to cultivate it. They also brought him to the territory of the Far East. It was here, on Sakhalin, that Russian scientists began to select this fruit shrubbery. Today, culture is spread throughout Russia.

A brief botanical description of

According to the botanical classification, the gumi( Loss multicolored) belongs to the Lochaceae family and is a relative of the sea buckthorn. The plant forms a strong branchy shrub with flexible prickly shoots. It reaches a height of 1.5-2 meters. During the flowering period, the bush is abundantly covered with numerous fragrant flowers and can perform a decorative function.

The flowering of the sucker of many flowers occurs at the end of May.1.5 months after pollination ripen gumi fruits - small oval drupes. In the phase of biological ripeness, they have a red skin with bright spots and are able to hold out on a bush until frost without shedding. The juicy and transparent flesh has a sweetish sour taste with a slight tartness.

In the East, gum berries have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. In Russia, they are usually dried or frozen, and in winter they go to compotes. They are also added to jams, sauces, jams.

Thus, the sucker multicolor can perform several functions on the site:

• decorative;
• honey;
• economic.

In regions with mild winters, this shrub is able to show the qualities of an evergreen plant, while maintaining its decorative effect throughout the year.

Nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria readily develop on the root system of the sucker multicolor. Therefore, planting this plant can serve to improve the soil in the area.

Growing Conditions

Shrub Gumi is unpretentious and easily take root in the Russian climate, but for its successful cultivation requires suitable conditions:

1. Good insolation. The plant is able to tolerate shade, but a decent yield is observed only when landing on an open sunny site.
2. Light, but moisture-absorbing soil. The root system of the shrub is widely branched in the upper layers of the soil. On heavy clays, it will be highly wetted, and dry on the sands. Therefore, fertile loams or sandy loams are preferred for planting.
3. Cross-pollination. The flowers are sucker monoecious, and the culture is capable of self-pollination. But cross-pollination significantly increases the yield, and the simultaneous planting of 2-3 plants is advisable.

Under good conditions, the yield of berries is 8-9 kg per bush.

Practice shows that the sucker hibernates well in the middle lane. But gumi is a plant with low frost resistance, and in the harsh winter its shoots can freeze. Therefore, gardeners from Siberia or the northern regions should provide shelters for their plantings.

For a better wintering, the shoots of the multi-flowered sucker can be bent to the ground, and the bush covered with two layers of a spunbond with a density of 60 g / m2.

Gum Varieties: Characteristics and PhotosTo date, the list of plants approved for use in Russia includes 9 items:

1. Sakhalin first. The berries of this early ripe variety have an ovoid shape, red color, and their weight is on average 1.4 g. The taste of the fruit is pleasant, refreshing, sour, the score on tasting is 4 points. It has excellent resistance to infections, almost not damaged by pests.
2. Moneron. The value of the variety - increased frost resistance and stable yield. The ripening of the berries occurs in average terms. They have a mass of 1.5 g and a high sugar content in the pulp. Score at the tasting - 4 points. Disadvantages - medium resistance to infections and insect pests.
3. Taisa. Early ripe dessert variety, with spikyness only on old shoots in the lower part, which makes caring for the plant and bending it down for the winter easier. Resistance to frost increased, against infections and pests - at an average level. Small berries have an average weight of 1.2 g, the taste is sour, delicate. Score at the tasting - 4.5 points.
4. Krilion. Best of all others suitable for freezing. The gum berry of this variety is bright red, thin-skinned, sweet with pronounced but gentle tartness. Score at the tasting - 5 points. Winter hardiness is high, which allows us to recommend Crillon for cultivation in all Russian regions.
5. Shikotan. Early ripe variegus of a multi-flowered sucker with large berries( on average - 2.1 g).The high percentage of sugar in the fruit makes them sweet. During the tasting, the commission gave a high assessment of the taste of the Shikotan fruit - 5 points. Winter hardiness of the gumi plant is good, but fungal infections are sometimes observed.
6. South. Variety with cylindrical large berries( on average - 2.3 g each).The skin is red, tender, the fruits themselves are very juicy, sweet taste, with a pleasant tartness, were evaluated at a tasting of 5 points. Winter-hardy plant with an average yield. Resistance to fungi and pests is average.
7. Kunashir. Late-ripening variety characterized by high fruit quality. Thin-skinned berries, an average of 2.2 g each. The flesh is juicy, with a high percentage of sugar, tart. Score at the tasting - 5 points. The plant is vigorous, frost-resistant, with a decent immunity to infections and pests.
8. Tsunay. Mid-season variety with strong prickly shoots. Forms a bush of average height. Berries have medium-sized( 1.9 g), with a dense skin. The taste of the pulp is sour, juiciness is high, the score during tasting is 5 points. Winter hardiness and immunity to fungi at a high level, pests plant rarely damaged.
9. Paramushir. The youngest variety of Gumi, 2016 introductions. A vigorous shrub with late ripening and berries weighing 1.8 g. The flesh is covered with thin delicate skin, juicy, tart and sweet. Score at the tasting - 5 points. Purpose Paramushir universal. Winter hardiness at a high level, which allows us to recommend the plant for all regions of Russia. Immunity to infections and pests is good.

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When selecting a variety, you must take into account the characteristics of your plot. If it is located in a region with frosty winters, winter resistance should be the defining characteristic. For growing in a mild but rainy climate, plant resistance to fungal infections is more important.

Planting and care

In central Russia and in colder regions, the sapling of gumi takes root better during spring planting. In the south, it is better to postpone the acquisition and planting until autumn, so that the hot sun does not dry out the young plant before it builds up a good root system.

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country garden. Planting is made in a previously prepared planting pit. Its dimensions depend on the size of the seedling root system. The average depth is 0.5 m, the diameter is 0.8-1 m. Step by step, the landing of gum looks like this:

• pits a drainage layer at the bottom of the pit - expanded clay or crushed bricks;
• in a separate container preparing a fertile mixture of garden soil, compost and coarse sand;
• 200 g of superphosphate and 600 g of wood ash per bush are added to the soil mixture;
• part of the soil mixture is poured to the bottom of the pit with a mound;
• seedling is set at the top of the hill so that the root collar is located at ground level;
• gumi seedling roots are spreading on the slopes of the hill and are filled with the rest of the soil mixture;
• produced abundant watering and mulching pristvolnogo circle.

For the first time after planting, the seedling should be shaded from the bright sun and the soil moisture should be monitored.

Saplings with a closed root system are rolled into a planting pit along with an earthy ball.

Further care of the gum plant consists of regular watering, weeding and the prevention of fungal infections. Top dressing starts next year:

• spring dressing - 8 kg of compost, 30 g of double superphosphate and 150 g of wood ash under the shrub;
• summer dressing - watering fermented infusion 1 time in 2 weeks;
• autumn top dressing - 40 g of potassium magnesia per 1 m2 of trunk circle.

The successful cultivation of gumi also implies regular pruning of the bush. In young plants, dry and diseased shoots are removed in autumn; in spring, frozen branches are shortened to healthy wood. Starting with 10 years of life, the bushes need rejuvenating pruning. To do this, the oldest trunks are cut, the rest are cut to one third of the length.

Proper selection of varieties, compliance with growing conditions and good care will ensure a stable annual fruiting of gumi and decent yields.

Reproduction of gum by green cutting method - video