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51 species of plants are included in the genus Hoya of the Kutrov family, but about 450 items are in the status of uncertainty. Under natural conditions, hoyas grow in India, China, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago, in South Korea and on the northeast margin of the Australian continent. The plant got its name in honor of the English gardener T.Hoy, who devoted his whole life to growing tropical plants in the greenhouses of the Duke of Northumberland.
Botanical portrait
Hoya - perennial plants with climbing, climbing, and sometimes with hanging stems. Their leaves are fleshy, leathery, richly emerald in color, with a characteristic sheen, up to 20 cm long, 5 cm wide, arranged along the pagons opposite.
Flowers have a complex structure, are snow-white, cream, lemon yellow, pink or salmon-scarlet, collected in axillary inflorescences. Five-lobed corollas, petals fleshy, smooth, velvet-like to the touch.
In room culture the most popular species are:
- Hoya is fleshy, or wax ivy( H. carnosa) is a liana with white or pale beige fragrant flowers.
- H. majestic( H. imperialis) - climbing plant with dark purple fragrant flowers.
- Hoya southern( H. australis) - crawling pagons are covered with white flowers with a red center.
- H. beautiful( H. bella) - shrub with drooping stems and pink flowers with a pleasant smell, popular for amusing growing.
Hoyi reproduction at home
Flower growers practice sowing seeds and rooting stem cuttings. With a certain amount of patience, it is possible to grow hoya from a separate leaf blade. Before breeding hoyu at home, you need to familiarize yourself with existing methods of obtaining new plants.
The best time for hoya breeding is the beginning of the growing season. Although the plant does not have a pronounced rest time, during the cold season of the year, the vines slow down their growth. With the arrival of spring, hoya is more effective in reproduction, although it is possible to experiment with rooting processes in other months, but not at the time of flowering.
Hoya: reproduction by cuttings
The cutting is cut from a healthy pagon. It should be short - 5-6 cm, consist of two internodes and 1-2 pairs of leaflets. The lower leaf blades are removed, leaving only the upper pair. Before rooting hoyu, the stalk is dried for a couple of hours, then the cut is treated with a root formation stimulator — heteroauxin, zircon or root, and buried in soil mixture or in a vessel with water.
Substrate options for rooting cuttings:
- peat and sand, taken in equal parts;
- 2 parts of fertile garden land and 1 part of sand;
- peat tablets;
- vermiculite;
- moss sphagnum.
A bowl with a handle placed in water or a substrate is covered with plastic wrap or glass on top and regularly moistened with an atomizer, do not forget to ventilate quite often. Experienced growers use plastic bottles in which the bottom is cut, and provide air access by unscrewing the cork.
A vessel with a rooted cutting is placed in a warm place, where it is possible to constantly maintain the temperature of 22 degrees of heat. The roots will appear after 2 weeks. The plant is transplanted into an independent pot, without waiting for a developed root system, because, elongating, fragile roots easily break during transplantation.
Reproduction of hoi with
leaf The leaflet is chosen healthy and young, cut off with a small fragment of the petiole - this is where the growth point is located. This is important because, cut off at the very base, it will remain a sheet plate protruding in the ground, even with roots, and will not form an escape.
The method of obtaining a new copy from a separate leaflet is similar to how hoya reproduces by cutting. Planting material is also dried and treated with root or other root formation stimulator. The composition of the soil mixture is the same, but the leaves are planted in a cramped pot of several pieces and are periodically fed. It will take a lot of time, about a year, before the pagon is formed from the rooted leaf.
Cultivation of hoy from
seeds In room conditions, pollination is difficult, and it is almost impossible to become an owner of planting material. However, if you are lucky, you can buy it in a specialty store or order it from suppliers. Seeds hoi on the photo look small, hemispherical shape and dark chestnut color, with a characteristic fluff, like a dandelion. They ripen in small pods. Sow them in the soil mixture consisting of leaf and sod land mixed with chopped sphagnum moss, should be in the year of collection.
Shoots appear quickly, after about a week. The soil is constantly watered, but it should be ensured that excess water flows into the pan through the drainage holes. The vessel with seedlings is kept in a warm corner of the room, and after about 3 months the plant with 2-4 leaves is planted in separate containers. For the prevention of fungal infections, periodically sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
Knowing how to grow hoyu from seeds, get a lot of new specimens, but this method is not quite suitable for hybrid plants - the parental attributes of the variety are often lost.
Hoyi Transplanting at Home
Hoya does not like frequent transplants. An adult plant is transferred to a new substrate once every 2-3 years, young specimens - annually. It is always important for a beginner florist to know which pot is needed for hoyas and how to plant the plant properly, choosing the most necessary components for composing the soil mixture.
Pot selection and transplantation time
Succulent grows poorly in spacious vessels, weakly increases vegetation mass, stays in place for a long time and refuses to bloom. Therefore, it is advisable to plant the plant in a small pot. The material from which it is made does not play a significant role. The flower grower only needs to remember that moisture from the clay tank evaporates faster than plastic, and it will be necessary to adjust the watering mode accordingly.
When repotting hoyu is also important. On the eve of the winter season, transplanting is not worth it, it is better to wait for spring.
Plants that have been moved to the new ground mix in the fall, do not survive well and often die over time, never recovering from transfer operations.
Grounds for growing hoy
You can buy ground for hoy in a specialized flower shop or make up the substrate yourself. Such a selection of components is possible:
- leafy ground - 2 parts;Peat
- - 1 part;
- turf land - 1 part;
- sand - 1 part.
In addition, 0.5 parts of humus are added to the composition for planting more mature plants. On the eve, the hoya is well watered to avoid any problems during the removal of the flower from the old pot.
For a hoi beautiful, a slightly different composition of the soil mixture is needed - 1 part each:
- leafy ground;
- shredded fern roots;
- fiber peat;
- sand;
- 0,5 parts of the crushed fragments of charcoal.
How to plant hoyu?
Disturbing roots are preferably at a minimum, if possible use the method of transshipment. The root neck is buried at the same level as in the previous tank. Place the plant in the center of the pot, holding it with one hand, gently pour the soil in order not to damage the roots. If hoya has long pagons, before moving the plant to a new container, the support is strengthened in it, and then the flower is planted, in order not to injure the peg root system that is being driven into the substrate.
The main condition for transplantation is that the ground for hoi should be loose, air-and moisture-permeable, with a neutral or slightly acid reaction.
Hoya: home care with photos
The plant is easy to care for. The basic techniques for keeping hoyas do not differ from the care of many succulents.
Placement Requirements
Liana prefers brightly lit places in the apartment. But the ingress of scorching rays on the surface of sheet plates must be excluded. Window sills are suitable for southeastern windows or southerly windows with ambient light.
The plant should not be disturbed by frequent rotations around the axis of the flower capacity.
Succulent temperature preferences are moderately warm. In the autumn-winter period, it is kept at temperatures of at least 12 degrees Celsius. In summer, the plants are not thrilled by the intense heat, they wilt and look depressed, unless they are immediately helped by spraying. With gratitude respond to moving to the garden or to the balcony, where there are all the warm season. With a decrease in night temperatures to 15 degrees or just below, hoyu are brought into the house.
Watering and spraying
Moisturizing mode for growing different types of hoya is different. Plants with hard leaves are watered after drying a few centimeters of the top layer of earthen coma. Hoya South is in need of constantly wet, but not damp soil.
Species with thin and pubescent leaves prefer to grow in unsinkable ground mixture and partial shade of western windows. However, sour soil in a pot should be avoided.
Spraying the plant favorably, but with a decrease in temperature in the room and a decrease in daylight, the need to increase the humidity of the air disappears.
Feed hoi
The plants are regularly fed with a mineral complex for beautiful flowering succulents. Add it to irrigation water with exact observance of the proportions specified by the producer on packaging. The frequency of fertilizing is supported no more than 1 time per month.
Before fertilizing hoya, it is well watered the day before. Some florists are interested in whether calcium should be in nutritional composition. Most experts agree that the plant responds poorly to hard water and, therefore, is not at all favorable to this element.
Many people also care about the question of whether hoi trimming is necessary. The plant is pruned in the spring in order to initiate the development of the side pagons and give the liana a more luxuriant shape.
How to make hoyu flower at home
Many flower owners complain that hoya does not bloom. How to take care of hoya to enjoy amazing fragrant flowers every year? Flower growers with the experience of growing wax ivy are advised to arrange plants with a cool winter maintenance, providing a rest period, it is very rare to water them, not to feed them at all. If the plant overwinter in warmth, there will be no flowers.
After the hoya petals wither, the flower stalks do not cut - inflorescences will re-form on them in the future season.
Fertilizers for hoi with a high nitrogen content prevent the formation of buds. It is preferable to choose such preparations where there is either no nitrogen at all or there is a very small amount.
Possible problems in growing
. Errors in caring for hoya include overmoistening of the substrate. As a result, the root system, and then the whole plant, is damaged by fungal diseases. From lack of lighting, the vine grows slowly and refuses to bloom. And with a decrease in temperature in the room where it is contained, lower than 15 degrees, drops the leaves.
Among the pests on the hoyas are scythe, flatfish mites and aphids. Repeated treatment with insecticides helps to get rid of them. It is more difficult to fight root nematodes - they are difficult to notice, and when the reason for the poor condition of the plant becomes clear, it is too late to save the plant. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to preventive measures - disinfection of the flower tank and the purchased ground mixture.
Khoi has a lot of fans. Wax inaccessibility of its flowers always causes admiration and surprise with an unusual natural creature. Home care for hoya at home is up to everyone, even an inexperienced florist. One has only to apply not so much effort. But how much grace in this monumental foliage and graceful umbrella inflorescences!
