Types of fluorescent lighting lamps and their socles

The lamp received its name from a special coating of the phosphor, which is applied to the inner surface of the tube. It includes phosphorus. Thanks to the phosphor, the light power is much greater than that of conventional incandescent lamps with the same energy consumption. This ensures economical consumption of electricity. Various additives are added to the phosphor composition to create color effects.

The lamps are produced in the form of a straight tube and a spiral or straight ring. The first option consists of a glass cylinder with socles located at the edges.

The second option consists of two parts - a cartridge and a glass tube of a straight or spiral shape. This species is called - compact fluorescent lamps, abbreviated CFL. By type of cartridge, they are pin and threaded.

The latter option is suitable for a conventional cartridge instead of a traditional incandescent lamp. The first option is used only in devices with a special device. Inert gases and mercury vapor are inside the tube. It is the presence of mercury that makes the use of this light source unsafe.

The main principle of operation is the glow of the phosphor. When turned on, the tungsten element begins to heat up and an electric discharge is formed in the mixture of gases inside the glass tube.

As a result of the interaction, a glow appears in the ultraviolet spectrum. Since the inner surface of the flask is coated with a phosphor, which contains phosphorus, as a result of interaction with the UV spectrum, the flask begins to glow.

Types of lamps and cap

There are seven species that differ in light characteristics:

1. Natural cool color marked LKB.
2. Daylight with improved color reproduction marked LDC.
3. White warm color Ltb.
4. Day colort marked with LD.
5. White color LB
6. Natural color with improved color reproduction LEC.
7. Cool white color LHB.

Base types

Luminescent, unlike incandescent lamps, are not directly connected to the electrical network. For connection, special devices are used - ballasts, these are ballasts.

They are divided into two types: with external ballast and integrated electronic ballast. Ballasts are ballasts, electronic ballasts are electronic ballasts. Ballasts can be integrated into the cartridge or into the instrument.

Models with external ballasts are divided into 2-pin and 4-pin socles. Four-pin plinths are connected using a special device or throttle.

A two-pin base can only be turned on with a choke. Lamps with external ballasts are often used for table lamps, chandeliers.

Also, there are models that are available with a base in which the electronic ballast is built. The base is produced with a thread of two diameters - standard and small.

Scope, advantages and disadvantages

Applied in domestic, public and industrial lighting. To create the illumination of buildings at night, advertising signs, use lighting devices with a color phosphor.

Lamps with pink color are used to illuminate windows with fresh meat. This backlight improves the appearance of the product. UV radiation is used to disinfect rooms in hospitals, since this lamp, unlike a quartz lamp, has a very weak external glow.

Also used for room lighting with a large area, such as office, industrial and retail halls.

The main positive aspects:

1. High level of efficiency.
2. Long service life.
3. Good light output.
4. Low temperature glass flask.
5. Color shades of light.

The main disadvantages:

1. High price.
2. If destroyed, danger from chemical contamination.
3. Flicker increases with the load on the network.
4. Demanding on ambient temperature. Do not work at temperatures below zero.
5. With load differences in the power grid, the service life is reduced.

CFL can not be used with dimmers (dimmers), this will lead to breakage. For them, ordinary switches are suitable. They have a long shelf life, but subject to proper operation.

Markings

Domestic manufacturers have adopted markings consisting of 4 or 5 capital letters and numbers:

1. Letter L - indicates luminescent.
2. Second Is a characteristic of the color of the radiation.
3. Third letter It is set for lamps with improved quality of color transfer C and with a high CC.
4. Fourth letter designates a shape or design.
5. Numeral indicates power.

The lamp can display various shades of light from warm shades: daytime, natural shade of white, warm white to a cold range: cold white, white. There are also color shades: blue, red, yellow, green, blue, ultraviolet. In the marking, they are indicated by the first capital letter.

Models from foreign companies are issued with individual markings.

International marking consists of a three-digit code:

1. First, they write the heat transfer index, the higher the number, the more natural the color reproduction.
2. The second and third digits characterize the color temperature of the radiation.

The code is indicated on the individual packaging.

Specifications

Models with the following characteristics are produced:

1. High color reproductionThey are used in exhibition museums, galleries, and printing in printing houses, hospitals, laboratories, and dentistry. They are also used in retail outlets specializing in art goods, fabrics, paints.
2. With light, in a spectrum similar to sunlight, they are used in insufficient natural light.
3. With increased emission of blue and red spectrum, used to illuminate plants and aquariums. They have beneficial effects on biological processes. They are used in greenhouses, greenhouses, shops selling plants.
4. For aquariums with sea water and coral, backlighting with increased emission of blue and UV spectrum is suitable. But it is combined with daylight.
5. With color effects, which are used for decoration, are used in advertising.

Produce lamps with UV radiation for beauty salons and tanning salons.

They are of three types:

1. With pure UV radiation, not causing burns on the skin and giving a good tan.
2. With high power radiation, using which it is possible to get a minimum degree of burn.
3. With radiation similar to sunlight. This type of radiation causes persistent pigmentation of the skin and is used in tanning salons. When dosed, it does not cause burns.

Fluorescent lamps are available with power from 5 to 55 watts. Lamps with a power of more than 23 W are large in size and are not used for domestic purposes. They are used to illuminate large rooms.

Prices

The most popular and reliable manufacturers: OSRAM (Germany), Sylvania (Belgium), Cosmos (Russia), PHILIPS (Holland), General Electric (USA). The cost ranges from 1032 to 150 rubles.

On the market are models of domestic and foreign production.

The cost depends on the technical specifications and the manufacturer. The low cost of the lamp in comparison with other models may indicate a poor-quality product that will not last long.

The prices shown below may vary at different points of sale, but on average are per CFL:

1. ECONOMY Space SPC 105W E40 4000K T5, worth 745 rubles.
2. OSRAM DULUX L 36W / 830 2G11, worth 269 rubles.
3. OSRAM DULUX D 18W / 830 G24d-2, worth 154 rubles.
4. OSRAM DULUX S / E 11W / 827 2G7, the cost of 127 rubles.

The average cost for a tubular fluorescent lamp is:

1. OSRAM L 36W / 950 G 13, price - 1032 rubles;
2. OSRAM L 58W / 965 BIOLUX, price - 568 rubles;
3. PHILIPS TL –D 58W / 865 G 13, the price is 156 rubles;
4. PHILIPS TL-D 18W / 54-765, price - 49 rubles.