Incandescent lamp: specifications, device

It is impossible to provide comfort and coziness in the house without the organization of good lighting. For this purpose, incandescent lamps are most often used now, which can be used in various network conditions (36 Volts, 220 and 380).

Types and characteristics

A general-purpose incandescent lamp (LON) is a modern device, a source of artificial visible light radiation with a low efficiency but a bright glow. It got its name because of the presence in the body of a special glowing body, which is made of refractory metals or coal filament. Depending on the parameters of this body, the lamp life, price and other characteristics are determined.

Despite different opinions, it is believed that the first scientist from England invented the lamp to Delar, but his principle of glowing was far from modern standards. After research, various physicists were engaged, subsequently, Gebel presented the first lamp with coal thread (from bamboo), and after Lodygin patented the first model of carbon fiber in a vacuum flask.

Depending on the structural elements and the type of gas that protects the filament, now there are such types of lamps:

1. Argon;
2. Crypto
3. Vacuum
4. Xenon Halogen.

Vacuum models are the simplest and most familiar. They have gained their popularity due to their low cost, but at the same time they have the smallest service life. It is worth noting their ease of replacement, can not be repaired. The design is as follows:

Here 1 is, accordingly, a vacuum flask; 2 - vacuum or filled with special gas, capacity; 3 - thread; 4, 5 - contacts; 6 - fasteners for a filament; 7 - lamp stand; 8 - fuse; 9 - base; 10 - glass base protection; 11 - basement contact.

The argon lamps of GOST 2239-79 in brightness are very different vacuum, but almost completely repeat their design. They have a longer shelf life than usual. This is due to the fact that the tungsten filament is protected by a neutral argon flask that resists high combustion temperatures. As a result, the light source is brighter and more durable.

The crypto model can be recognized by its very high light temperature. It glows with bright white light, so it can sometimes cause pain in the eyes. A high brightness indicator is provided by krypton, a highly inert gas with a high atomic mass. Its use allowed to significantly reduce the vacuum flask, but at the same time not to lose the brightness of the light source.

Halogen incandescent lamps have gained great popularity due to their economical performance. A modern energy-saving lamp will help not only reduce the cost of paying for electric energy, but also reduce the cost of buying new models for lighting. The production of such a model is carried out at specialized plants, as well as recycling. For comparison, we suggest studying the power consumption of the above analogues:

1. Vacuum (ordinary, without gas or with argon): 50 or 100 watts;
2. Halogen: 45–65 W;
3. Xenon, halogen-xenon (combined): 30 watts.

Due to their small size, most often electric xenon and halogen illuminators are used as car headlights. They have high resistance and excellent durability.

The classification of lamps is made not only on the basis of the filling gas, but also, depending on the types of caps and purpose. There are such types:

1. G4, GU4, GY4, and others. Halogen incandescent models are distinguished by plug-in cartridges;
2. E5, E14, E17, E26, E40 are the most common types of socles. Depending on the numbers, they can be narrow and wide, classified in ascending order. The first chandeliers were made specifically for such contacting parts;
3. G13, G24 manufacturers use these designations for fluorescent illuminators.

Advantages and disadvantages

Comparison of certain types of incandescent lamps will allow you to choose the most suitable option, based on what power and light output are needed. But all of the listed types of lamps have common advantages and disadvantages:

Pros:

1. Affordable price. The cost of many lamps is within 2 y. e .;
2. Quick turn on and off. This is the most significant parameter in comparison with energy-saving lamps with a long inclusion;
3. Small sizes;
4. Simple replacement;
5. A wide selection of models. Now there are decorative lamps (candle, retro curl and others), classic, matte, mirror and others.

Minuses:

1. High power consumption;
2. Negative effects on the eyes. In most cases, the matte or mirror surface of an incandescent bulb will help;
3. Low surge protection. To ensure the desired level, a protection unit for an incandescent lamp is used, it is selected depending on the type;
4. Short operational period;
5. Very low efficiency. Most of the electrical energy is not spent on lighting, but on heating the bulb.

https://www.youtube.com/watch? v = ET-u92BP968

Options

The technical characteristics of any model necessarily include: the luminous flux of an incandescent lamp, the color of the glow (or color temperature), power and life. Compare the listed types:

Type of	Luminous flux, Lumen	Light temperature	Service life hours
Vacuum, without gas	300–1600	Warm, cold (blue, yellow, white), depending on the type of flask - 2000–4500 degrees	1000
Argon	200–8400	As well as in vacuum	1500
Xenon, halogen	14000–44000	Cold, from 4500	4000
Krypton	500–10000	Cold, from 4000	2000

Of all these types, only halogens can be attributed to energy-saving models. Therefore, many owners seek to replace all light sources in their home with more rational ones, for example, with diode ones. Correspondence of LED incandescent lamps, comparison table:

Parameter	Vacuum type, without gas	Halogen, Xenon	Argon	Light-emitting diode
Bulb heating level	Tall	Normal	Tall	Low
Resistance to external influences	Crashes when falling	Very fragile	Crashes	Strong
Power, W)	75	15	45	10
Light stream (Lumen)	600	700	800	800

For a better explanation of energy consumption, we suggest studying the ratio of watts to lumens. For example, a fluorescent lamp with a tungsten filament of 100 W - lumen 1200, respectively, 500 W - more than 8000.

Power of an argon-filled lamp, Watt	Power of a luminescent model, W	LED lamp power, W	Luminous flux, Lumen
20	5-7	2-3	250
40	10-13	4-5	400
60	15-16	8-10	700
75	18-20	10-12	900
100	25-30	12-15	1200
150	40-50	18-20	1800

At the same time, often used in industrial and domestic conditions, the luminescent model has similar characteristics to xenon. Thanks to such characteristics, it is possible to ensure the smooth inclusion of incandescent lamps. For this, a special device is used - a dimmer for incandescent lamps.

Such a regulator can be assembled with your own hands, if there is a circuit suitable for your lamp. Now, analogues of conventional options are very popular, but with a mirror coating - Philips reflex model, imported Osram and others. You can buy a branded incandescent lamp in specialized company stores.