The device and the principle of operation of automation for gas heating boilers

Household heating appliances that operate on liquefied or natural gas do not require constant attention and control from the owners. This task is performed by automatic equipment for gas heating boilers.

Electronic and mechanical control units integrated into the heat generator regulate the combustion and help maintain the required temperature in the coolant.

Varieties of automation for heating boilers

Automation works properly, accurately and reliably, increases the efficiency of heating equipment, contributes to reasonable energy consumption and makes the operation of the heating system simple, comfortable and absolutely safe.

The automatic system protects heating systems from overloads and activates the emergency shutdown of the gas supply in case of sudden force majeure circumstances. Additionally, the equipment regulates the level of intensity of combustion and the current fuel consumption, allowing owners to save money on space heating.

According to the basic principle of operation and design features, automation for gas equipment is divided into:

• energy-dependent devices;
• energy independent appliances.

Systems of the first type are complex electronic units and for correct operation, which need uninterrupted supply of electricians. The second types of devices are simplified mechanical structures that do not require energy feed.

View # 1 - Volatile Products

Volatile Module - This is a small electronic device that responds to the supply of fuel resource. Turns on and off at the time of activation or closure of the main gas valve. It features a complex structure and a large number of elements and microcircuits.

Allows owners to solve the following tasks:

• activation or termination of gas supply;
• start of the heating system in automatic mode;
• adjustment of the power level of the base burner (due to the presence of a thermostat);
• shutting down the working boiler both in emergency situations and within a user-defined mode;
• output current indicators on the display (the total level of air temperature in the room, the mark to which the working coolant is heated, etc.).

More “tricked out” modules have additional functionality and offer users unlimited and most convenient conditions for controlling the operation and control of the unit. Electronic panels provide full protection of heating equipment against malfunction. three way valve and do not allow the boiler to freeze.

If the temperature in the room drops sharply, the “smart” system itself starts the heating equipment and turns it off when the dwelling is filled with comfortable warm air.

The self-diagnostics option available in individual modules prevents malfunctions and contributes to the timely detection of faulty parts and assemblies in the system. It gives you the opportunity to notice the damage as early as possible and replace some small element even before it creates a real problem for the equipment.

Electronic automation, responsible for the safe operation of the equipment, ensures uninterrupted operation the boiler does not allow the system to overheat and blocks the flow of gas in the event of a drop in thrust or flame attenuation in burner.

The assortment line of volatile automation, presented on the market today, pleases with a variety. Useful and necessary mini-units produce world-famous brands and small companies just trying to win their place in the sun.

Among the models offered are both very simple products and more advanced units with the programming option.

On them, the user can choose the most suitable for themselves. individual settings and program the system to work in day / night mode or, based on the weather forecast, set a certain level of heating of the house or apartment for a period of 1 to 7 days.

View # 2 - non-volatile units

Non-volatile automation more simple and practical. Control and adjustment are carried out manually with the help of mechanical rotary toggle switches and do not pose any difficulty even for those who are far from the equipment. The device works completely autonomously and does not need to be connected to the central electrical system.

The product is marked with a digital scale with a list of values ​​from minimum to maximum. To activate the user selects the desired mark and in this way sets the appropriate working temperature directly to the boiler.

After these manipulations connects thermostat and takes control of the specified warm-up mode. The boiler is actively working until the room is heated to the desired temperature. Then the temperature regulator shuts off the gas supply to the system and is activated again only when the room gets colder.

The principle of operation is based on the specific design of the device. The thermocouple of the gas boiler built into the heat exchanger is equipped with a special rod. It is made of a special iron-nickel alloy called Invar.

The physical characteristics of this progressive material give it the ability to almost instantly catch the minimum temperature fluctuations.

If the room becomes excessively hot or too cold, the size of the rod changes. The connecting valve reacts to this and timely blocks or activates the flow of gas into the burner.

Additionally, non-volatile type automatic equipment has sensitive thrust and flame sensors. If the pressure in the chimney suddenly decreases or the level of thrust in the chimney drops for some reason, the supply of the resource stops immediately and gas leakage is avoided.

Proper operation of the flame sensor is provided by a special plate. With normal and proper functioning of the system, it is in a slightly bent state.

In this way, the part holds the shut-off valve in the “Open». When the flame becomes smaller, the plate levels off and the valve closes under its pressure.

The design and principle of operation

Automation, control work gas boiler, consists of many elements, conditionally divided into two subgroups. The first includes mechanisms that ensure the full and safe functioning of the boiler itself. The second includes devices that make it possible to operate the heating system in the most convenient and comfortable mode for the user.

Components of the security system

Several modules are responsible for the operational safety of the unit:

1. Flame controller - consists of two main parts - an electromagnetic valve and a thermocouple. Stops gas in a timely and reliable manner and prevents leakage.
2. Thermostat - maintains the specified coolant temperature and protects the system from overheating. When the coolant cools to minimum temperatures, the module starts the boiler to work, and after fixing peak-high performance disables it, completely eliminating the owners from the need to constantly pay attention the system.
3. Traction Control SensorIt is responsible for stopping the gas supply to the burner in the event of a change in the base position of the bimetallic plate, thus preventing gas leakage.
4. Safety valve - monitors the amount of coolant in the circuit.

In addition to all the above useful qualities, automation has a number of additional functions that increase the comfort of using equipment.

The device performs the gas burner auto-ignition, selects the most efficient operating mode, contributes to the rational use of energy and conducts self-diagnosis, eliminating the owners from all of these occupations.

The principle of operation of security automation

Current regulatory documentation says that the safety complex of gas boilers must be equipped with a device, shutting down the entire system and shutting off the gas supply in the event of an unexpected breakdown or any other force majeure circumstances.

To accomplish this task, automatics should control such parameters as:

• gas pressure in the system;
• the presence of the optimal size in the burner;
• full, high-quality traction;
• the temperature level of the working coolant.

When the gas pressure in a non-volatile mechanical system drops to a critical level, the supply of the resource immediately stops. This happens automatically due to the presence of a valve mechanism that is tuned to a specific value.

Volatile electronic devices are designed a little differently. In them, the above described function is performed by a minimum / maximum pressure switch.

With an increase in the number of atmospheres, the membrane with the rod bends, opening the power contacts of the boiler itself. Gas stops flowing and does not flow until the pressure level is restored.

If the flame disappears in the burner, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing current. After that, the electromagnetic valve in the valve is no longer functioning, and the gas stops flowing to the burner. When a bimetallic plate falls, the bimetallic plate heats up intensively, changes shape and acts on the valve, causing it to stop the fuel supply.

The temperature of the coolant keeps the thermostat under control. It ensures the maintenance of the user-selected warm-up mode, while not allowing the system to overheat and fail.

Nuances of the functioning of the system

Volatile electronic automation in the work is based on information obtained from the sensors. The microprocessor and the internal controller analyze this data, process and give the system commands that are optimally suitable for a particular situation.

Mechanics have a slightly different principle. When the boiler is off, the internal gas valve is completely shut off. At the time of launching the equipment, the washer on the valve is squeezed out and a forced opening of the passage for the fuel resource to the igniter occurs. Ignition stimulates the heating of the thermocouple and a voltage is generated on it.

This resource is used in the work of an electromagnet that maintains the valve in the open position. By turning the washer manually, the user can adjust the level and power of his heating equipment without any effort.

Browse popular models and manufacturers

On the market of advanced gas equipment and related elements are presented automation of both domestic and foreign manufacturers. By the principle of operation, all devices are absolutely the same, but in terms of construction there are significant differences between them.

The cost of the modules varies over a wide range. Simple mechanical products with a minimum of functions belong to the budget class and are sold at the lowest price. Advanced electronic panels are much more valuable, but they provide the user with more detailed options for individual settings and control of work.

Programmable electronic devices are considered luxury. They enable the owner to set the equipment a work plan for a long period of time, taking into account seasonal weather conditions and the current outdoor temperature.

№1 - automatic EUROSIT 630

Automatic non-volatile unit EUROSIT 630 produced by an Italian company Sit Group (Eurosit) sales takes a leading position in the market.

It is considered universal and works effectively with parapet and floor boilers power from 7 to 24 kW. The on / off, ignition of the pilot burner and the setting of the desired temperature are carried out using a single knob with a button.

The product has a high level of reliability, can withstand significant operating loads and has extensive functionality. Structural elements "hide" in the housing, to which the sensor cables and other connecting tubes are connected.

Inside the unit, there is a cut-off valve, spring valve and pressure regulator. The gas supply is carried out from the bottom or from the side according to the wishes of the user. At cost the unit is included in the budget category.

No. 2 - Honeywell 5474 module

The device Honeywell 5474 is manufactured by German concern Honeywell, more than a hundred years specializing in the development and sale of various types of automation. Works correctly with household gas boilers power up to 32 kW.

The Honeywell 5474 automatic system is equipped with a basic set of monitoring functions that guarantee the efficient operation of the boiler with absolute safety for users.

The product in auto mode maintains the specified coolant temperature (from 40 to 90 degrees), turns off the boiler in case of stopping the fuel supply, the lack of thrust of the desired level in the chimney, the occurrence of reverse thrust or attenuation burner.

No. 3 - premium automation from Honeywell

In addition to low-cost budget models, the company Honeywell also produces other types of automatic equipment, for example, luxury chronothermostats of the premium CT series or programmed thermostats Honeywell YRLV430A1005 / U.

These electronic panels allow you to set the most detailed and precise settings to the heating equipment, up to changes in temperature several times a day depending on the time of day, weather conditions and personal wishes.

№4 - Orion device

Automatic device Orion manufactured in Russia. The package includes piezoelectric ignition and a thrust sensor.

The device turns off the gas in the event of an arbitrary damping of the burner or the absence of the desired thrust. When the air temperature in the room decreases, the thermostat activates the fuel supply and the boiler operation resumes.

Switching to flame reduction mode when a certain (user-defined) temperature is reached occurs automatically and allows saving fuel resources.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A detailed description of the principle of operation of automation designed for a gas boiler. Interesting features and nuances of control equipment:

How does the gas heating boiler automatics work? A visual demonstration of the process of igniting a gas unit:

A detailed description of one of the most popular models of automation designed to control and adjust the gas boiler:

Automated gas heating system is a practical and cost-effective option for home heating equipment..

The mechanical controller is distinguished by its low price, reliability and elementary control method. The electronic panel is more expensive, but has advanced functionality that allows you to create the most comfortable conditions in the room.

It is better to purchase mini-units in company stores selling certified goods that meet all the requirements for elements of heating systems operating on gas.

Do you know the intricacies of gas equipment automation that are not noted in the article? Any questions during the review of the material? Please write comments, share your own opinions and photographs on the topic of the article.