Round-the-clock operation of the boilers leads to increased wear. Do you agree that the operation of heating and water-heating equipment should be safe? For which conduct periodic inspections and repairs of gas units.
Prevention with the identification of existing defects can prevent the occurrence of emergency situations. Who should carry out maintenance of gas boilers and what set of measures does it include? These are the questions we will look at in detail in the article.
Our material contains a description of the main stages of the service activities, step-by-step photos of maintenance. In addition, we have selected video clips on the MOT of the boiler and its components.
The content of the article:
- Service tasks
- Professional solution
-
The main steps of the current service
- Step # 1 - Inspect Heating Circuits
- Step # 2 - cleaning the system components
- Step # 3 - checking the control automation
- Overhaul
- Operation of the boiler in case of force majeure
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Service tasks
Each user of the gas boiler expects its long operation. But the durability of the equipment depends on many factors.
Uninterrupted operation of the boiler leads to rapid wear of its work items and components, and unstable supply of natural gas - and at all to the premature decommissioning of expensive devices.
To prevent the disruption of gas boiler equipment allows only timely prevention, which is implemented through warranty and post-warranty service.
The first maintenance according to the rules should be carried out six months after the end of the warranty period.
The frequency of technical inspections and troubleshooting is established on the basis of a contract concluded between the representative of the technical economy and the owner of the equipment.
During the scheduled inspection, the representative of the gas industry draws attention to the following points:
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A routine inspection of gas equipment begins with a study of the technical condition of metal pipe joints.
Have the newly installed or overhauled with the replacement of the burner equipment check the compliance of the size of the nozzles with the parameters of pressure and the type of gas burned
The color of the combustible gas is examined for impurities, the stability of the flame is evaluated.
It is mandatory to investigate the state of the smoke and ventilation ducts, check the stability of the thrust using simple methods.
The stages of a routine inspection include checking the operability of the gas boiler and protective automation devices. If necessary, adjustment, cleaning, adjustment
The presence of safety automation installed in the furnace burners is detected. In case of their absence or inoperability, a new device is installed.
A thorough study of the tightness of the gas house pipeline and equipment is carried out.
The sanitary-hygienic state of the gas unit and the burners is monitored. If necessary, remove soot, carbon, etc.
Inspection of metal pipe joints
Checking the diameter of the nozzles
Visual assessment of burner flame color
Thrust check in the ventilation channels
Check the operation of boilers and automation
Control of furnace burners automation
Leak test
Control of the sanitary condition of the burners
Gas failures detected during the period between ongoing maintenance measures, are eliminated at the request of the owners of gas boilers by employees of the organization with which it was concluded contract
Boiler service is designed to solve three problems at once:
- Monitor devices automatic control.
- Check that the burners are functioning correctly.
- Determine the current state of the internal heating elements of the equipment operated.
Each of these aspects takes precedence in maintaining efficiency at the initial level and extending the life of the boiler system as a whole.
In addition, an employee of the gas industry, performing maintenance of a gas boiler, is obliged to inspect the condition of cranes and metal pipelines. It should evaluate the performance of the ventilation and smoke channels, tightness of knots.
During the current inspection, a visual inspection of gas combustion is carried out, and, if necessary, the burners are adjusted. Evaluation of the tightness of the joints is carried out using a soap solution or using gas detectors.
During the maintenance of the gas boiler, the technical condition of the whole Systems: checking the tightness of connections, working capacity of cranes, the presence of traction in the ventilation ducts and chimneys
All violations found should be corrected immediately after detection. Repair of parts and mechanisms is carried out, in case of impossibility of repair replacement is carried out.
If necessary, the parts and components of the gas heating equipment are repaired in the gas equipment workshop with which the maintenance contract has been concluded.
Professional solution
At first glance, there is nothing difficult in carrying out preventive measures for servicing boilers. But it is not worth self-tuning and cleaning the gas boiler. And the question is not only in experience.
Such a responsible procedure should be carried out only by a qualified technician who has the exact technique necessary to diagnose faults.
The quality of maintenance of boiler equipment directly depends on the professionalism of the master. Therefore, such work should be entrusted only to professionals who have a special permit.
In the event of an unforeseen situation, the master will be able to react correctly and quickly, thus not allowing for unduly grave, sometimes catastrophic consequences.
According to clause 6.2 of the current SNiP, the servicing of boiler equipment must be carried out by licensed organizations that have their emergency dispatching service at their disposal.
Leading manufacturers of gas boilers, in order not to open branded service centers in every region of the country, issue licenses to organizations specializing in technical services.
You may be interested in information on how to choose a good and reliable gas boiler, discussed in our other article.
In addition to the certificate for the execution of a given range of work, such organizations have full access to technical documentation. for equipment manufactured by the manufacturer, as well as the opportunity to receive new components for warranty replacement boilers. The list of certified companies is usually listed on the manufacturer’s website.
When choosing a service organization and drawing up an agreement, one should be guided by two parameters:
- Certification of the boiler manufacturer, as evidenced by the existence of a license to carry out the work.
- The location of the service center in the same city or region, which will reduce the response time of the field technician.
In most cases, a service contract is signed before the boiler is fully commissioned. It clearly prescribes a list of future work and the timing of their implementation.
As a supplement to the contract attached boiler passport, which spelled out all the constructive features of the system, a complete list of its nodes and elements, as well as the timing of the technical service
The works offered by service organizations are divided into three types:
- Routine maintenance - regular maintenance work carried out to assess the technical condition of the unit, identify and eliminate emerging failures, to prepare the unit for the heating season and after its completion before summer inactivity.
- Subscriber service - includes measures to detect violations and damage to the system, diagnosis of the gas apparatus or its individual parts, the elimination of failures and malfunctions.
- Overhaul - a set of measures in case of breakdown of the unit, carried out in the event of emergency situations, provoked by external factors or as a result of equipment breakdown.
The regularity of preventive maintenance of equipment depends on destination of the installed unit and its design.
A list of mandatory "procedures" of current maintenance and overhaul, as well as the frequency of their execution is provided by the manufacturer to each specific model.
On average, current inspections are recommended 2 times a year. They are carried out both for the apparatuses included in the heating circuit and for aggregates of hot water supply systems.
Failure to meet the deadlines for such an important event can lead to serious consequences. So, clogging of the pipeline can cause a failure of the heating system, and pipeline depressurization - cause of explosion and fire.
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When performing maintenance of flow-through systems, gas equipment is first diagnosed based on primary external signs.
Control is performed, if necessary, adjustment of the gas combustion process and cleaning of the electrodes
The tightness test of the coil of a flowing gas heating system, the presence or absence of a leak, gaps between pipe sections are performed.
The technical and sanitary-hygienic state of the turbine that removes combustion products is monitored. If necessary, it is cleaned.
Stage 1: General diagnostics of equipment technical condition
Stage 2: Adjustment of the process of igniting the column and burning gas
Step 3: Check the tightness of the heat exchanger
Stage 4: Monitoring the status and performance of the turbine
The main steps of the current service
In order to fully control the situation, it is necessary to understand what works are performed when servicing various parts and assemblies. Routine maintenance of the boiler generator includes three main types of work: cleaning, checking and adjustment.
Before performing service maintenance of gas equipment, it is mandatory to turn off the system and gas supply. The disconnected system should cool down slightly.
Step # 1 - Inspect Heating Circuits
At this stage, form a general idea of the current state of the system being operated.
First of all, the master performs the verification of documents and warranty seal, determining the compliance of the gas apparatus with the requirements of two main regulatory documents:
- SNiP - sanitary building codes and regulations.
- "Rules of technical operation and safety requirements in the gas sector of the Russian Federation".
Since the gas boiler is an aggregate of equipment for which both gas and electricity are used, electrical components are subject to visual testing.
For external inspection of the gas boiler, the protective housing is removed from the unit and all the visible elements are subsequently examined, revealing the degree of wear of parts
Checking the condition of the boiler is designed to clarify these points:
- device design integrity;
- gas valve pressure;
- ignition electrodes, if any;
- the state of the gas path connections;
- operability of electronics;
- health emergency machines.
At this stage, control and pumping are performed. expansion tankwhich is designed to protect the elements of the system and to compensate for the pressure that is created during the expansion of the coolant.
During the technical inspection, visually and with the help of instruments, the state of the unit itself, protection devices and gas communications are examined.
The pressure level in the cold water state, depending on the type of boiler, is 1.1-1.3 bar. It is important to ensure that after heating the pressure does not exceed the recommended standard specified in the passport to the unit.
Step # 2 - cleaning the system components
Before starting work, empty the boiler. After that, proceed to the inspection of the gas burner, determining the quality and direction of the flame.
To do this, remove and consistently clean:
- retaining washer - a device that regulates the position of the torch torch relative to the installed heat exchanger;
- air sensor - it is designed to regulate the ratio of the mixture of air and gas;
- flame detector sensor - it generates a signal when the performance of thrust deteriorates;
- ignition device electrode - is responsible for igniting gas-air mixtures;
All metal structures under the action of high temperatures and deposits of carbon are able to deform over time.
So that the scale does not clog the burner, which is the key working element of the boiler, it must be cleaned in time using special brushes.
In the normal operation of the burner, the flame has a cone shape colored in blue. Yellowish color indicates pollution.
Check the operation of the key working element of the boiler and assess the compliance of the burner settings with the composition the flow of gas, as well as the completeness of its combustion will help to measure and analyze the exhaust gases the boiler.
The firing area on the combustion chamber and all parts of the boiler that are in direct contact with the flare must be cleaned. This task can be easily done using a soft brush and vacuum cleaner.
When cleaning the nozzles it is not allowed to use a metal brush, the bristles of which can damage the surface.
Separately, unscrew and purge the gas channels of the boiler with air. The gas connection to the burner is removed, taken apart and blown under pressure.
The heating system is equipped with two filter elements. The first is located in the hydraulic unit, and the second - on the cold water faucet. These filters also need periodic cleaning of salt deposits by washing.
As maintenance proceeds, all faults discovered by the master are eliminated without fail, replacing the defective parts and components with new elements.
Step # 3 - checking the control automation
The boilers of modern production are equipped with automatic control systems, the main purpose of which is to ensure the operation of the unit without constant human observation. According to the degree of complexity of automation can be very different.
But regardless of the model, its main elements are:
- Thermostat - a regulating device that is responsible for maintaining the established parameters of the coolant temperature in the boiler.
- Gas valves - designed to open and shut off the gas supply.
- Gas fittings - the actuator, designed to work out the commands of the boiler control circuit.
- Controller - an electronic device designed to implement a complex control algorithm of the unit, depending on the changing environmental conditions.
- Minimum and maximum pressure switches - membranes acting on contact groups, turning off the unit in the event of a fall / increase in pressure below / above the setting value.
Such a technique “painfully” transfers a regular voltage drop. The task of the wizard is to timely detect problems in the electronic system, possible problems with the details and correctly adjust automatics.
The boiler connected to the gas boiler, designed to ensure the supply of the DHW system, should also be checked and regularly adjusted annually.
To test the safety system of the boiler and identify vulnerable areas of equipment, the master simulates an emergency situation. After starting the system, it monitors the speed of operation of the detectors, the tightness of the cut-off valve and other devices.
In case of incorrect operation of the automation, the unit is disassembled, and the failed membranes are replaced with new ones.
Examination is subject to the introductory part of the gas pipe. It is examined for corrosion and other damage.
The master must ensure the integrity of the supply pipeline throughout the entire section laid in the house, paying particular attention to the outer surface of the pipes and their connections.
All gas path joints, including flanged, threaded and assembled, are tested for tightness. Measure the pressure in the pipeline. If necessary, perform adjustment of gas valves. Places where paint is peeled off from the pipe surface are painted again.
After adjusting all the components of the boiler, the master sets the parameters recommended by the manufacturer.
At the final stage performs the final inspection of the boiler. The master fills in the certification documents confirming with his signature personal responsibility for the quality of the test performed. Finally makes a memo indicating the period of the next service.
Overhaul
On the expiration of the operational period specified in the passport to the product, the gas boiler is subject to technical diagnostics. The main task of engineering activities is to determine the possibility of further safe operation of equipment.
The overhaul is performed in order to restore the technical characteristics of the gas heating equipment. As required, worn parts and functional units are replaced.
In addition to diagnosing in the framework of the capital service perform:
- Flushing the heat exchanger.
- Comprehensive survey and cleaning of all closed components of the boiler.
Competently carried out a set of measures is a guarantee of the serviceability of gas equipment during the subsequent period of operation.
Scale formed in the heat exchanger coil with inadequate maintenance leads to a gradual deterioration in the efficiency of the equipment
Cleaning the heat exchanger from scale is carried out after the first five years from the date of commissioning of the boiler. Although the majority of service organizations recommend preventive rinsing every two years.
A simple procedure for flushing the boiler heat exchanger eliminates the problem at the stage of scaling.
For capital cleaning, remove the device cover and disassemble all removable parts of the unit. Separately dismantle the heat exchanger and thoroughly wash it with chemical reagents using a pumping station.
Such flushing allows you to remove all the scum that has been formed in pipelines and heat exchanger fins over several years. After that, the boiler is assembled and the system is filled with coolant.
In addition to servicing the gas boiler itself and the gas pipeline leading to it, it is important to regularly check the condition of the chimneys.
Cleaning the flue channels, designed to divert the combustion products from gas appliances and create cravings, is not included in the list of necessary measures to be carried out by the master.
He can do this work for an additional fee. If desired, the chimney can be cleaned on its own. It is advisable to wash it at least once a year.
Operation of the boiler in case of force majeure
In the event of an emergency, it is necessary to react to the problem as soon as possible and try to return the boiler to a working state. Breakage, if there is, then just in the heating season.
And the reason for this is most often the fact that the unit operates at maximum power without interruption for a long period.
The unit can fail at the most inopportune moment, a long period of working at the limit of capabilities, which leads to rapid wear of parts
The same poor result is often caused by low-quality fuel, which is often supplied to the gas system.
With a service agreement in hand, the owner can only call the organization. After receiving a request, the repair team will arrive at the site and resolve the problem.
Since the service centers always keep records of boilers, the experts of the field crew arrive at the site already from necessary set of tools and spare parts that correspond to the specific model installed in the house gas boiler.
But there are situations when at the peak of the heating season repair crews are "on the gap". And the application can not satisfy the master as quickly as we would like. Some owners in this case resort to the services of "private traders".
But it should be borne in mind that to call the first “gas worker” to come is not the best option. And it's not even a tidy sum that will have to lay out the owner. After all, no one guarantees that the master will be able to perform repairs at a high professional level in an emergency situation.
Therefore, in order to avoid such situations and save extra expenses, it is worthwhile not to neglect the opportunity to conduct an ongoing technical inspection before the onset of cold weather.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Video on the sequence of actions taken when servicing a gas boiler:
Burner video tutorial:
Regular maintenance of the gas boiler makes it possible at the initial stage to identify emerging problems and not to bring the situation until the moment when the operation of the equipment begins to pose a threat to health and life household members.
Are you faced with the need to urgently call the wizard to diagnose a gas boiler? Or in the process of maintenance you had to pay for additional services? Tell us about your situation - maybe your experience will be useful to other owners of gas equipment. Leave your comments below the article.
