What are air humidifiers: types and their features + main selection criteria

In a house or apartment, not only good repairs and high-quality furniture are important, but also a comfortable microclimate. After all, inhaling dry air mixed with tobacco smoke, dust and pungent odors is not only unpleasant, but also harmful to health. Do you agree?

Make indoor air useful for breathing with a household humidifier. It will quickly raise humidity to an optimal level, eliminate tobacco odors, toxic fumes, dust particles and corrosive substances.

You will learn about what humidifiers are, and how they differ from each other from our detailed review. We will analyze all the characteristics of the units, study additional functions and model range, consider the best manufacturers. You will understand how to choose the right home appliances and what to look for when buying.

Why do you need to humidify the air?

GOST 30494-2011 states that the humidity level in the room should be between 45% and 60%. But in houses and apartments, the air often lacks the necessary moisture.

In winter and in the off-season, the atmosphere is dried out by batteries and household heaters; in summer, the microclimate is changed by heat and sunlight coming from the street. Low humidity provokes rapid aging of the skin, leads to a decrease in immunity and has a negative effect on the respiratory tract.

Young children suffer the most from lack of moisture in the air. They show an increased physiological sensitivity to dehydration and feel worse in a room with a dry atmosphere. Babies have cracked lips, constantly stuffy nose and sore throat. The risk of developing bronchitis and pharyngitis increases.

Types of air humidification equipment

The home appliance market offers a wide range of products for humidifying the air in residential, office and industrial premises.

The devices are divided into three types:

• ultrasonic;
• traditional;
• steam.

Sinks and climatic complexes also belong to humidification equipment, but at the same time they clean air, and have additional features to improve the comfort of the microclimate in houses and apartments.

Type # 1 - ultrasonic modules

The ultrasonic apparatus is considered universal and is suitable for servicing children's and living rooms, offices, industrial premises, greenhouses, shops, restaurants and cafes. Produces cold steam during operation.

The built-in piezoelectric element, activated by electric current, generates high-frequency oscillations and converts the water into a mist of microscopic spray. The fan sucks in dry air, directs it into a water cloud for moisture enrichment, and then scatters it around the room.

The humidifier easily withstands intense loads and operates normally around the clock. For exploitation it is enough to pour liquid into the reservoir and connect the device to the socket.

Among the advantages of the device:

• the ability to maintain indoor humidity at a high level (up to 80%);
• minimum noise (average - 25 dB);
• low power consumption;
• efficiency.

The main disadvantage is the demand for water quality. There are no filter elements in the device. It is recommended to use only purified (distilled) liquid for filling the reservoir. Otherwise, a white coating will form on the furniture and equipment in the room, and heavy salts and spores of microorganisms will appear in the steam.

More pros and cons of an ultrasonic humidifier, as well as recommendations for choosing this type of device, we have given in this publication.

Type # 2 - traditional humidifiers

Traditional humidifiers are based on cold evaporation. The fan directs air masses to the porous filter elements that are constantly in contact with water. Having received deep humidification, the air returns back to the room. In this way, it is possible to maintain the humidity at 60%.

In the tanks of traditional devices for air humidification, you can even add aromatic compositions.

The devices consume a small amount of electricity and are sold at an affordable price. They need demineralized, distilled liquid to work. Using tap water will quickly clog the filters.

Among the significant disadvantages of the modules is a pronounced background noise. It is created by a built-in fan. Traditional devices are not suitable for round-the-clock use in children's rooms and bedrooms. Insufficient performance makes them unsuitable for installation in greenhouses.

Type # 3 - steam devices

Steam models work on the principle of an electric kettle. A certain dose of water from the reservoir comes into contact with the heating element, boils and is freed from non-volatile impurities. Steam enters the room and intensively humidifies the air. With this type of technique, it is possible to quickly bring the humidity level up to 100%.

A hygrostat for steam humidifiers is a must. Uncontrolled operation of the module can provoke the appearance of dampness in the room and mold stains.

There are no cartridges and replaceable filters in the model. This allows you to pour liquid of any quality into the container, without fear that some elements will quickly clog or fail. On the one hand, it makes it easier to use. On the other hand, it causes additional problems in the form of microparticles settling on various surfaces, forming an unaesthetic dust deposit.

Significant disadvantages of the device:

• excessive power consumption compared to other types of products (from 300 to 600 W);
• high risk of contact with the hot steam jet.

Some reproach steam devices with a warming up case, on which a small child can accidentally burn himself. But such a disadvantage is characteristic only of cheap models of unknown firms.

Reputable brands use heat-resistant modern plastic for the walls. Even in the process of boiling water, it only warms slightly and does not burn the skin when touched.

Type # 4 - household climatic complexes

The climate complex simultaneously performs two functions - it naturally humidifies the air and purifies it. A built-in fan blows air through the evaporator. The porous filter element is in a container of water and constantly pulls moisture upward. Dust settles better on a wet surface, the evaporation process is more efficient and gives better results.

In terms of functionality, the complex for maintaining an optimal microclimate is similar to an air conditioner. But it is not mounted in one place, but is easily carried and placed in any part of the room. Has a number of additional comfort options. Some models can heat / cool rooms.

Type # 5 - humidifiers-air washers

The sink performs wet mechanical cleaning of the air thanks to the presence of filters. It consumes little energy and does not over-humidify the microclimate. Not dangerous for children and adults. They can work using hydro-filtration technology (water curtain) or cold "water bath" (disc rotation).

Let's briefly consider the principle of operation of the device using the example of a disk washer. Inside the body of the sink, which functions as a water bath, there are plastic discs. In the process of rotation, a special coating and relief retain water on the surface of the discs. The result is a large area of ​​water blanket. The disks are blown by fans that increase the evaporation rate. The air is humidified and cleaned of pollen, household dust, animal hair and small particles of dirt.

The device with hydro-filtration technology provides humidification and cleaning by rotating a cone-shaped rod in the center of the liquid container. The working element will lift the water up and create a curtain of microscopic droplets. Passing through it, the air is freed from dust particles and saturated with moisture.

We recommend that you read the tips for choosing the best air cleaner.

Selection criteria and recommendations to buyers

To buy the right device for humidifying the air, you need to know exactly the area of ​​the room where you plan to use it.

It makes no sense to take a weak unit for a spacious room. He will not cope with the tasks set. A too strong module in a small room will "eat" more electricity, but will not give any additional effect.

Steam humidifiers should be used only where, for objective reasons, a high level of humidity is required. For rooms where the elderly or children live, this option is not recommended. Accidental contact with hot steam will cause burns and will leave an unpleasant experience.

If you need to humidify the air in the bedroom or nursery, you should choose the quietest devices. Otherwise, it will be extremely problematic to fully rest and sleep. We talked about the pros and cons of a humidifier for a child and the features of choice in this article.

You will have to pay for all additional features. Therefore, you need to immediately decide which options are really useful, and which you can safely refuse. Automatic shutdown when overturning, protection against running without water, indication of filter replacement and night mode increase the safety of operation, but affect the cost of the device.

Whether to pay for the rotation of the module, touch display and remote control, the user will have to decide for himself. If the budget allows, it makes sense to spend money on additional comfort. When funds are limited, these bonuses can be dispensed with.

Next, we will consider the main criteria that it is desirable to take into account when choosing a household humidifier.

Power, service area and noise

The power range of household air humidifiers on the market is 20-600 W. For small spaces from 15 to 30 m² devices up to 100 watts are suitable. Larger rooms up to 50 m² models with a power indicator up to 150 watts are used.

In studios, living rooms and bedrooms from 80 m² Modules with a power of 240 W or more work successfully. Manufacturers usually indicate on the packaging what area the device can serve well.

The noise level depends on the type of humidifier and its capacity. 20-30 dB is considered optimal. Equipment with such indicators is suitable for round-the-clock work in nurseries, bedrooms and rest rooms. In living rooms and offices, it is allowed to install devices up to 50 dB. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with rated quietest humidifiersmost popular among users.

Tank volume and humidification rate

For rooms up to 20 meters, a device with a capacity of 4-5 liters of water is enough. In rooms with a size of 30-40 m² it is better to use 6-7-liter devices, and in apartments with an area of ​​up to 60 m² - devices with a reservoir of 8-9 liters. The humidification rate directly depends on the size of the room, the performance and power of the model.

A device with a capacity of 45 m³ / h quickly creates an optimal microclimate in a 15-meter bedroom or nursery. For a room of 80 m² a module with an air exchange rate of 240 m³ / h is required.

Varieties of filtration systems

Each manufacturer of steam humidification equipment uses a different cleaning method.

Most often, the devices have filtration systems of the following types:

• coal;
• HEPA;
• ultraviolet;
• photocatalytic;
• ionizing (electrostatic);
• rough cleaning.

Charcoal filter belongs to the class of adsorption cleaners. Contains activated carbon or zeolite. Quickly neutralizes all types of fumes, including tobacco, eliminates unpleasant odors, volatile compounds and aggressive chemical vapors. Must be replaced every 2-4 months (depending on the manufacturer's recommendations).

If the charcoal filter is left on for a longer period, it will become clogged with dust. Inside, an environment is formed that is favorable for the accumulation of bacteria and the reproduction of microorganisms. Such a filter no longer performs the cleaning function.

HEPA system performs fine cleaning. Removes up to 100% of harmful substances and dirty impurities. Due to its high efficiency, it is suitable for use in medical and childcare facilities. It can be detergent and replaceable. Sold at a higher price, but can be used throughout the year.

UV filter cleans the air from fungal spores, allergens and pathogenic bacteria. Does not require laborious maintenance and careful processing.

Photocatalytic filter guarantees 95 percent cleaning. It removes toxic elements from water, neutralizes their oxidation and decomposition. Eliminates gases, impurities and harmful bacteria. Serves reliably for a long time.

Ionizing (electrostatic) filter traps charged particles up to 0.01 microns in size. Cleans from the finest dust, aerosols and soot, but does not cope with the removal of toxic substances. Usually used as an additional element in a set with other filters. It is sold at a low price and is suitable for repeated use.

Coarse filter removes dirt fragments and large dust particles. When clogged, it needs to be rinsed with running water or cleaned with a household vacuum cleaner.

Availability of additional options

Indicator light helps to find out in time about the need to add water. It is quite problematic to determine this moment by eye, especially in models with opaque reservoirs.

The need to replace / clean working containers, nozzles and filters is indicated by a special indicator. Busy owners may forget that consumables have expired on their own. humidifier needs cleaning, and will continue to use the device that no longer performs its functions at the proper level.

System protection against running out of water and automatic shutdown when rollover increase the safety of the humidifier. If the owners forget to pour water, the unit does not overheat or burn out. When a child or pet accidentally hits or knocks over the humidifier, it will not cause a short circuit or fire.

Night mode - the current option for units with natural humidification and devices with a large display and color indication. In the first, the fan is making too much noise, and in the second, the light elements are too bright. In night mode, the fan runs at a lower speed and makes almost no sounds, and the indication and display do not light up. The air is humidified efficiently, but there are no hindrances to sleep and rest.

Availability hygrostat allows you to control the level of humidity. As soon as the indicator reaches the norm, the device automatically turns off. It is only activated again when the room humidity drops. This improves work efficiency and reduces electrical energy consumption.

Options such as blocking when the lid is not tightly closed, improper assembly, incorrect cartridge position, etc. They ensure that the model will only start working if all replaceable elements are correctly installed.

Convenient when the device rotates on its axis. In this case, steam is directed in different directions and evenly spreads throughout the room, providing better air humidification.

Separate climatic complexes eliminate static electricity. Devices with this option are recommended to be placed in rooms with a large number of electrical appliances, household and office equipment.

Home appliance manufacturers

Various types of steam humidification equipment are produced by many popular manufacturers of household appliances.

The confident leader of this market segment is a Swiss company. Plaston AG. More than half a century under the brand Boneco Air-O-Swiss she manufactures high-quality devices for creating a comfortable and healthy indoor climate.

The assortment line of the brand includes budget and premium traditional, steam and ultrasonic humidifiers, efficient climatic systems and "air washers". Each model is produced in several series. You can choose a product by color, shape, type of control and other technical characteristics.

The second most popular is Italian AirComfort and german Venta. They specialize in the manufacture of humidifiers and air purifiers, introduce innovative technologies into production and are actively working on the creation of an original design of units.

Offer humidifiers and brands such as Electrolux, Philips, Dyson, Supra, Gorenje, Leberg, Polaris and Panasonic. However, these manufacturers do not have a narrow specialization, and it is problematic for them to compete with the top three.

We have brought the ten most popular models among buyers in next article.

Want to equip your room with a humidifier but don't want to spend a lot of money on it? In this case, it is possible from improvised means collect a productive homemade product.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

What type of household humidifier to choose for your home - advice from a famous doctor.

Pros and cons of devices for air humidification - an overview from a specialist in climate technology.

A simple and safe method for cleaning your moisturizing technique at home.

Humidifying devices help stabilize the indoor climate and make it more comfortable, healthy and safe. Knowing about the technical characteristics and features of the units, it is not difficult to choose the optimal model. The humidifiers are connected to a 220 V household power supply and do not overload the wiring. They have a long service life. Under warranty, they are repaired in branded service centers.

What kind of humidifier do you use? Tell us about the pros and cons of your model, noticed during operation - the feedback form is located below the article. Also here you can add unique photos of your humidifier, ask questions about operation, maintenance or selection to our experts and other users.