All conditions for normal human life must be maintained in a residential building. This is an undeniable truth, isn't it? To ensure a comfortable stay in any room, complex engineering communications are laid.
You can't do without a ventilation system. When creating it, it is necessary to comply with the standards for the distance of fastening of air ducts, developed and approved by government departments. This requirement is relevant not only for legal entities, but also for private developers.
We will tell you how to correctly plan and lay air duct routes. We will show you the best way to fix them. From the article presented by us, you will find out at what distance from other communications you can install ventilation ducts.
The content of the article:
- Ventilation system in a private house
- Air duct installation rules
- Methods for fixing air ducts
- Distance between mounts
- Distance to other structures
- How many mounts are required
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Ventilation system in a private house
The design and installation of a ventilation system in a single-family residential building is carried out taking into account the requirements for operational characteristics prescribed in SNiP 31-02-2001 and SP 55.13330.2016.
Ventilation in a private house can be both with natural and with mechanical induction of air exchange, with the removal and inflow of air masses through the air ducts. The main thing is to maintain clean air in the premises.
Waste air masses with an unpleasant odor or containing harmful substances, such as fuel combustion products, are discharged directly to the outside. That is, they should not enter other premises in any way.
To ensure air exchange in a large private house, a ventilation system is required, including a system of air ducts that ensure the removal of contaminated air masses and the flow of fresh air
Be sure to ensure the removal and flow of air in the kitchen, bathroom, boiler room. The minimum performance of the ventilation system with full or partial air exchange in a given period of time is regulated.
When organizing a ventilation system that meets the established requirements and is able to provide a comfortable microclimate, it is important to correctly determine the configuration of the air ducts, take care of sealing ventilation openings, places where pipes pass through walls and ceilings in order to prevent the occurrence of cold bridges and prevent rodents from entering the house and insects.
Air duct installation rules
Air ducts are metal or plastic pipes that extract and supply air to rooms. They can have both round and rectangular sections.
Fastening the air duct to the ceiling is a crucial stage that requires care on the part of the installer, as well as the correct choice of fasteners, taking into account the dimensions, cross-sectional shape and other parameters.
Works on installation of the ventilation system include one of the most critical stages - fastening air ducts to supporting building structures. Fixation can be carried out using various fasteners - clamps, consoles, profiles, brackets, brackets, punched tape. The choice of the type of fastening depends on the size of the air duct and the shape of its section.
The finished duct system must be reliable and resistant to external and internal loads, as well as maintainable.
It is important that it meets safety requirements so that the equipment does not pose a threat to a person and does not affect the safety of the house itself, the noise and vibration generated by air flows did not exceed the maximum permissible level, and the weight of the air ducts was not transferred to the fans.
Methods for fixing air ducts
The air duct can be attached directly to the ceiling, wall, or to supporting elements fixed to them, for example, to a tee or an I-beam. Such beams are widely used in construction.
The orientation of the duct is predominantly vertical or horizontal, in some cases, if there is a technical need for that, the ducts are installed at a slight slope.
The following are used as the main fasteners:
- brackets;
- traverses;
- clamps;
- perforated tape.
L- or Z-shaped brackets and studs are used to fix rectangular ducts. The brackets are attached to the duct body with self-tapping screws that form holes in the metal.
Installation of air ducts is carried out using brackets, traverses, punched tapes. When choosing fasteners, take into account the weight and dimensions of the air ducts.
Studs are galvanized threaded rods. To fasten the studs to the ceiling, a metal driven anchor with a spacer part is used.
Pre-drill a hole and hammer the anchor with a chisel. The process is similar to installing a plastic dowel in a wall. When the stud is screwed into the anchor, its spacer part opens like flower petals, forming a structure that holds securely in the ceiling.
Other fasteners can be used instead of anchors, but they will not provide the same reliability. Under heavy load, the connection between the stud and the ceiling will loosen. As a result, the duct can move and deform.
If the duct is massive, it is better to choose a reinforced Z-shaped bracket. Thanks to the additional corner that will support the air duct, the structure will acquire the necessary rigidity and less load will be exerted on the stud. So that no noise occurs when the air duct vibrates, the fasteners are supplemented with rubber seals.
If one of the sides of the rectangular duct exceeds 60 cm, do not use brackets, but traverses, also complete with studs. The traverse is a horizontal beam that can be either suspended or rest on a vertical support.
Rectangular air ducts are securely attached to the ceiling using galvanized steel traverses and studs. The standard distance between the attachment points is observed
When using a traverse, self-tapping screws are not required and the duct retains its integrity. Placed on the support, it does not move laterally thanks to the studs that hold it in a stable position. To ensure that the duct fits snugly against the traverse, a rubber seal is installed to damp noise and vibration.
Round air ducts are attached to the bearing surface using studs and clamps of the appropriate diameter. In this case, the clamp must tightly surround the duct.
It can also be worn over thermal insulation. Fasteners are available in a wide range of sizes to match standard duct sizes. Due to the ease of use, installation time is saved.
Thanks to the presetting of the bending points, ideal compatibility of the bracket and the duct is achieved, the presence of elastic element reduces noise and vibration, self-tapping screws are at a considerable distance from each other, minimizing the risk of deformation duct
It is not necessary to mount the duct directly to the ceiling. You can act differently. If there is a metal beam (Tavr, I-beam, angle) on the section along which the ventilation line passes, a clamp is put on it and a hairpin is already fixed to the clamp.
Small round air ducts are often used in private houses. If the diameter does not exceed 20 cm, punched tape can be used as fasteners. The material of manufacture for it is galvanized steel that meets the requirements prescribed in GOST 14918-80. The thickness of the tape varies from 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. There are mounting holes for fixing the air ducts with self-tapping screws.
A loop is formed from the tape and put on as a clamp on the pipe. Another way is to fix the punched tape to the fastening bolt at the place where the pipes join. It can also be used in conjunction with clamps.
Punched tape is used for mounting to the ceiling or beams of both round and rectangular air ducts with a small cross-section (perimeter), the holes available facilitate installation
The advantages of this method: punched tape is cheaper than hardware, it is easier to install with it. But there are also significant drawbacks. Since the punched tape is not able to provide the required rigidity, vibrations and lateral movements are amplified.
Difficulties arise when aligning the punched tape in height, due to which the air duct begins to make noise during operation, the risk of depressurization of the line increases.
Distance between mounts
SP 60.13330 and SP 73.13330.2012 indicate how to calculate the fastening of square and round air ducts. Also, the recommendations of the equipment manufacturers prescribed in the instructions are taken into account. To get the correct result, you need to know the length of the air ducts and the permissible distance between the fasteners.
Mounts for horizontal non-insulated metal flangeless air ducts are installed at a distance of no more than 4 meters from each other. This requirement applies equally to supports, suspensions, and clamps.
The rule applies to rectangular and round ducts with a diameter or largest side not exceeding 40 cm. For ducts with a rectangular cross-section or a diameter of more than 40 cm, the distance between the fixtures is reduced to 3 meters.
Horizontal metal uninsulated air ducts with a flange connection with a diameter or larger side up to 2 meters are mounted with a step of no more than 6 meters between fasteners. Flange mounting is not permitted. The maximum distance between fixings for vertical metal ducts is 4.5 meters.
When designing even the simplest kitchen hood, gaps are left between the surface of the duct and walls, ceiling, other communications and interior items
To connect the main sections of air ducts as shaped elements can be used flexible air ductsmade of polymer film. In some cases, they serve as basic elements for the construction of a ventilation line.
For their fastening of flexible polymer air ducts, rings made of steel wire are used. The diameter of the wire should be within 3-4 mm, and the diameter of the ring itself should be 10 percent larger than the diameter of the duct. The step between the rings is no more than 2 meters.
With this type of installation, a supporting cable is pulled along the duct, to which the rings are attached. The cable itself is attached to building structures in increments of 20 to 30 meters. The flexible air duct must be tightened so that no slack forms between the rings, reducing the pressure in the system.
Distance to other structures
The standards determine not only the distance between fasteners, but also the distance from the air ducts to the surrounding building structures. Round air ducts are placed at a distance of at least 10 cm from the ceiling and at least 5 cm from the ceiling.
There must be a distance of at least 25 cm between the round duct and the elements of water and gas supply systems. Air ducts relative to each other are also located at a distance of 25 cm.
The distance between rectangular ducts and building structures depends on the width of the duct.
In the list below, the first value is the width of the duct, the second is the distance to the ceiling:
- up to 40 cm - from 10 cm;
- 40-80 cm - from 20 cm;
- 80-150 cm - from 40 cm.
Regardless of the cross-sectional shape, the air ducts must be at least 30 cm away from electrical wires.
Distance standards are relevant for both non-insulated and insulated air ducts and do not depend on the thermal insulation materials used
The joints between the air ducts should be located at a distance of at least 1 meter from the passage through the wall or ceiling.
Mounting is carried out in such a way that the axis of the duct line is parallel to the plane of the wall or ceiling. In order to drain the condensate, the air duct can be positioned at a slope of 0.015 towards the condensate trap.
The construction of a complex, multi-component ventilation system requires specialized knowledge and skills, installation errors will lead to insufficient air exchange and a change in the microclimate for the worse side
Fasteners perform an important function - keeping the air ducts in the designed position. The service life of the ventilation system largely depends on them. Therefore, they must have high mechanical strength in order to provide the required structural rigidity.
Made of galvanized or stainless steel, they are not subject to corrosion, resistant to aggressive environment, temperature extremes and allow you to install the ventilation system in a short time without drilling and welding works.
How many mounts are required
The type of fasteners and their number are determined at the design stage, taking into account the mass, size, location different types of air ducts, materials of manufacture, type of ventilation system, etc. If you plan to deal with these issues yourself, you will have to perform calculations and use reference data.
Consumption rates of fasteners are calculated based on the surface area of the air ducts. Before proceeding with the calculation of the surface area, it is necessary to determine the length of the duct. It is measured between two points at which the center lines of the highways intersect.
If the duct has a circular cross-section, its diameter is multiplied by the previously obtained length. The surface area of a rectangular duct is equal to the product of its height, width and length.
All calculations are made at a preliminary stage, the data obtained is used during installation, to observe the calculated distances, avoiding errors, the marking helps
Further, you can use reference data, for example, the normative indicators of the consumption of materials (NPRM, collection 20) approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. Not today, this document has the status of invalid, but the data indicated in it for the most part remain relevant and are used by builders.
The consumption of fasteners in the handbook is indicated in kg per 100 sq. m. surface area. For example, for round folded class H air ducts, made of sheet steel, 0.5 mm thick and having a diameter of up to 20 cm, 60.6 kg of fasteners per 100 sq. m.
A properly designed and installed air duct system not only functions flawlessly, but also organically complements the interior of a modern home
At installation of air ducts straight links of air ducts together with branches, tees and other fittings are assembled into blocks up to 30 meters long. Further, in accordance with the standards, fasteners are installed. The prepared air duct blocks are installed in the places intended for them.
He will acquaint with the regulatory requirements for the organization of ventilation in a private house next article, which is worth reading to all owners of suburban property.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Fastening air ducts to ceiling tiles:
Making clamps for round ducts with your own hands:
What does the complete ventilation line look like:
Installation of a ventilation system in a private house does not require the involvement of cranes and other special equipment, but already during development of the project, it is necessary to take into account the features of the layout of the house, the location of building structures on the way of the ventilation highways.
Approximately, "by eye" it is impossible to determine the length of the duct links and the distance between the fasteners. To do this, you need to know the standards and, on their basis, perform calculations based on specific conditions. As a result of the right work, your home will be equipped with an efficient and durable ventilation system for a comfortable life.
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