Effective ventilation is one of the basic systems in every home. She is responsible for air exchange, dehumidification of finishes, building structures, furnishings. Properly arranged ventilation on the roof of a private house will ensure the removal of unpleasant odors, condensation and household fumes.
Even at the planning stage, new houses are necessarily equipped with a more complex ventilation system, which is significantly different from traditional options. This communication network, along with other engineering structures, must comply with construction requirements and regulations.
You will learn all about the rules for arranging the passage of ventilation pipes through a roofing pie from our article. We will tell you how to equip the roof duct penetration. We will show you what needs to be done to ensure its tightness.
The content of the article:
- General characteristics of roof ventilation units
- Why is an air exchange system necessary?
- What is the principle of the structure of the ventilation duct?
- Types of units: which duct passage to choose?
- How to make ventilation in the roof of the house?
- How to make and equip the duct passage in the roof?
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
General characteristics of roof ventilation units
When installing various technical communications, ventilation pipes are traditionally installed on the roof. This approach has specific features and requires scrupulous adherence to the installation technology.
The ventilation units of the passage in many cases have a design similar to that of different models. They are used for forced and natural process of exhaust air, condensate, vapor removal outside the building.
All types of roof penetrations must be flawlessly executed and airtight so that atmospheric dust and water do not penetrate into residential and utility rooms. According to the schemes of roofing passages, not only ventilation pipes are equipped, but also aerators, and chimneys, and antennas, and roof hatches
The ventilation pipe of the roof unit is positioned so that the exhaust air can escape unhindered.
For pitched roofs, a convenient solution would be to install a ventilation pipe next to the ridge. This design does not require additional reinforcement and installation of a snow removal system.
When the exhaust pipes are located close to the ridge ridge, the least wind pressure is applied to the system. However, for the formation of normal draft, the ventilation pipe (shaft) must be at least 0.5 higher than the ridge. m. This requirement does not apply to aerators and roof fans, which solve the problem of draining the roof pirogue
Manufacturing of passage systems complies with GOST 15150, namely:
- Material thickness exceeds 1.9 mm.
- The diameter of the circle is 10-12.7 cm. For square knots, dimensions may vary.
- It is processed with anti-corrosion mixtures.
- The size of the support ring must necessarily exceed the diameter of the nozzles.
- The length of the structure must be at most 1 m.
The unit itself can be placed on a reinforced concrete glass or directly on the roof section.
The consumer is now offered a wide range of universal and specialized devices for sealed and prompt design of roof passages for both internal ventilation system and roof drainage layers
The size and shape of the outlet is influenced by the type of coating, its thickness and special characteristics of the material, as well as the characteristics of the entire ventilation system. Its choice depends on the conditions created inside the building: the degree of humidity; dustiness of rooms; gas contamination, etc.
Why is an air exchange system necessary?
Air exchange is not only a matter of comfort, but also of health. The air in rooms where people are present can contain substances that have a negative effect on the body. One of them is carbon dioxide, which is produced during inhalation / exhalation.
This volatile chemical formation is dangerous in high concentrations. Carbon dioxide also occurs as a result of the operation of stoves, fireplaces, boilers and other heating systems. If fresh air is not supplied to the room in the right amount, then as a result of combustion in these devices, extremely toxic carbon monoxide can be formed.
Another unpleasant substance is steam, which we produce by breathing, cooking, ironing or drying clothes. Its excess leads to constant humidification of the atmosphere in the house, enclosing structures, finishing materials, which affects the development of mold. In addition, wet surfaces are a breeding ground for dust mites.
The option of arranging the roof penetration is selected with a focus on the effectiveness of its work. Depending on the required performance, it is equipped with a fan, a deflector or a conventional protective grill
Ventilation on the roof of a private house should provide conditions for air replacement at least:
- kitchen with gas stove - 65 m³ / hour;
- kitchen with electric stove - 55 m³ / hour;
- separate toilet - 25 m³ / hour;
- utility rooms - 14 m³ / hour;
- separate rooms - 25 m³ / hour.
Fresh air must be supplied to other interiors (bedroom, living room, etc.). In a typical private house, this gives about 200 m³ / h.
The rules allow you to reduce the ventilation rate at night, but not more than 40%. It is also recommended to install additional devices in kitchens that allow periodically increasing the exhaust air flow to at least 120 m³ / hour.
What is the principle of the structure of the ventilation duct?
The design features of the ventilation duct, in addition to the removal of dirty air, allow for a strong sealing of the roof and protect against the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the attic. Each unit consists of an adapter of a certain diameter, which is inserted into a branch pipe fixed to a concrete glass.
The assembly systems are secured with anchors that are included in any standard kit. On a metal basis, fastening is also carried out, however, instead of a concrete glass, a similar metal one is built in
The support ring, which is part of the assembly structure, guarantees a perfect connection between the structure and the roof surface. The clutch flanges provide reliable fastening - the lower one is connected to the air duct, the upper one is the support of the ventilation hood, which protects the branch pipe from precipitation. A ring is placed inside the pipe to ensure condensate drainage.
Types of units: which duct passage to choose?
Manufacturers recommend using individual roofs for different types of roofs. passage nodes through the roof. After consulting the sellers of specialized stores, you can purchase the necessary passage structure along with the roofing material.
Modern specialized aisle units are equipped with advanced air flow control systems. Such equipment more closely matches current comfort requirements. The installation of such systems requires more skills than conventional devices.
In the arrangement of a roof passage without a factory-made element, metal or reinforced concrete glasses, in which the sleeve is fixed - a section of pipe with a larger diameter than the ventilation exit
Before purchasing a high-tech gangway, consider the feasibility of purchasing it. If the volume of the premises is small, it is better to opt for conventional mechanical models..
The passage assembly is a pipe with a plug. But different models may differ in their parameters and appearance.
Table of varieties of air duct on the roof of the house:
| Design differences | short description |
Valveless models / with valves |
The price of designs without valves is cheaper, however, there is no provision for air outlet regulation with shut-off flows. Mounted more often in private buildings. Valve specimens have a damper to regulate the passage of air. Installed in administrative and industrial premises where there is no required regular ventilation. |
Insulated / without insulation |
Insulated options can be equipped with a basalt or glass wool layer. Convenient if the ventilation pipe on the roof of the house is located mainly on the street or is located far from the ridge. Uninsulated models are suitable for mild climates. A layer of insulation helps to get rid of excessive condensation that occurs due to temperature changes and flue gases. |
Mechanical structures / automated |
Mechanical copies are equipped with a special cable that allows you to manually control the air flow. The Automatic ones are equipped with a controller that fully controls the ventilation system. |
All models are individually marked, which makes it easier to understand the types of equipment. This is a combination of letters and numbers corresponding to a specific instance, for example UP1-03.
On flat roofs, the passage is equipped with a waterproofing carpet skirt and a sealed hood or similar device installed on top.
The two numbers at the end show the size of the structure. They range from 01 to 10. The first number indicates the design features of the product.
In this case, the unit demonstrates that the unit is without valve and condensate ring. Two indicates that condensate the ring is missing, but there is a mechanical valve. The presence of a triple indicates a model with a ring + mechanical valve.
How to make ventilation in the roof of the house?
Before a roofer begins work on installing roof vents, he must determine what type of vents the home needs. We suggest using the manufacturer's recommendations, since it is possible to make the ventilation in the roof of the house correctly taking into account all factors.
Consider the features of the output of the duct to the roof of the house:
- Installation of the unit on the roof is carried out at the end of all work.
- It is necessary to accurately calculate the exit point of the duct. It is most often located in the ridge area between the rafters.
- The size of the piece should be slightly larger than the node itself. This will help reduce the risk of marking mistakes.
- Installation is done carefully, especially for a roof made of solid materials.
- Sealing the joints of the unit and the roof is carried out using a sealant.
Some materials (slate or tiles) have a wavy and dense structure, which does not allow for a tight fixing of the equipment. Therefore, the installation of special bushings is required.
For this, a hole is also made, and a waterproofing material is placed under the support, after which the passage assembly is installed. A rubber seal is placed under the roof casing and fixed with a sealant.
Installation of a ventilation unit on a concrete roof practically does not differ from the installation of equipment on other types of roofs. In this case, the hole is planned at the design stage of the building or it is drilled out after the construction of the base with a projectile with a diamond core.
When arranging a concrete floor, a sleeve is inserted into the hole drilled in it, into which a ventilation pipe is inserted. The space around is closed with insulation, on top - with a waterproofing carpet
During installation, a sleeve is used that is inserted into the existing hole. Sealing is somewhat more difficult, you need to put on a cap on top of the node that can protect the existing joints from precipitation.
By creating the right balance of indoor and outdoor ventilation, it is possible to help optimize the life of the roofing system and energy efficiency at home.
How to make and equip the duct passage in the roof?
The outlet of the duct through the roof is started after the completion of the assembly of the ventilation system in the room.
With the use of a flash wizard for arranging the ventilation outlet, all work is done much easier and faster
Installation of a standard duct passage assembly is performed in the following sequence:
- The location of the exit of the ventilation pipe to the roof of the house is determined. It is recommended to place the outlet of all ventilation systems closer to the ridge. It should be 30 mm wider than the pipe. Beginners can first cut out a pattern from cardboard and make markings on it.
- Start in the attic and drill a hole in the roof where the ventilation goes. Try to stay close to the location of the air exchange system. Leave the drill bit sticking through the roof to find the hole when you are on top.
- Once you find the drill bit on the roof, pull it out and mark the roof covering for the hole. It is necessary to carefully cut a round hole with a jigsaw or a saw according to the marking. Cutting is easy if the roof is soft, but stiffer materials will require more dexterity and patience. First, such a roof must be drilled along the contour in several places in order to stick in a hacksaw and cut out a circle.
- Carefully remove the parts of the roof and through the hole obtained, materials that are placed under the roof (insulation, waterproofing, lathing) are removed. If possible, some roofing details can be removed. This will help simplify the installation process.
- Top on duct pipe string the penetration with a seal. You need to fix it with construction tape near the pipe water repellent and vapor barrier layers. Seal the joints with a sealant. On a soft roof, the rubber seal is attached with a sealant. On hard surfaces - self-tapping screws.
- When the pipe is securely fixed, a head is put on top, preservative ventilation duct from precipitation, birds and debris.
The node of passage through the roof should not have convolutions and depressions, since in winter a snow pocket can form in them and the melted water will end up under the roof.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
The video clearly demonstrates the installation of the pipe duct passage through the roof, allowing you to get the most complete picture of such works:
We offer you to visually familiarize yourself with the installation of ventilation by watching this video:
Video instruction on the construction of a duct for a group of ventilation pipes:
Acquaintance with the technology, options and details for arranging ventilation passages through the roof is necessary as independent craftsmen and customers of guest workers' services, whose qualifications and experience are not worth unconditionally rely.
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