Calculation of heating in an apartment building: consumption standards and formulas for calculating payment by the meter

Are you surprised by the monthly heating bill presented by the management companies: is it not the first time that the numbers on the receipts seem overstated? There is little pleasant in the fact that in autumn, winter and spring, despite the air temperature outside the window, you have to pay a considerable amount, calculated by someone who is not clear. Do you agree?

The calculation of heating in an apartment of an apartment building depends on the established heat standards, which, it would seem, should be standard. However, heating tariffs are increasing every year. In order not to be deceived, consumers prefer to control the correctness of the calculations of the management company. But how to do it correctly and what may be required?

It is to these questions that our material is devoted - here we will tell you how to correctly calculate the amount for the supplied heating in a high-rise apartment. The article will consider in detail the latest legislative standards for heat consumption and present various formulas for calculations, taking into account the presence of a general house, individual meter, as well as their absence. We will supplement the presented material with thematic videos and visual photos.

Legislative regulation of payments

Currently, there are four Government Resolutions that are considered valid documents governing the rules for calculating payments for utility services to residents of apartment buildings:

• N306 of May 23, 2006 (the procedure for establishing norms for the consumption of services for apartment buildings was considered);
• N354 of May 6, 2011 (the procedure for the provision of services for residents is determined);
• N258 dated March 28, 2012 and N344 dated April 16, 2013 on amendments to the previous document (in PP N306);
• N1708 of December 28, 2018 (amendments to PP N354).

The first and second documents are systematically undergoing changes, the last of which took place on April 4, 2020.

Based on these documents, each separately taken region of the country independently decides on the choice of the form of payment:

• option 1 - the payment is calculated only for the heating season (usually October-May);
• Option 2 - the fee is spread evenly for the whole year.

This form mostly affects those who do not have heating meters installed.

And consumers with installed meters are concerned with one of the main changes in the Resolution - an adjustment calculation formulas, in which now they began to take into account the readings of the meters without taking into account the installed devices in home.

Nevertheless, in apartment buildings with meters, the difference in readings between the general and apartment metering devices is recalculated and evenly added to the payment of each consumer.

Thus, the payment for heating consists of the following components: heating in the apartment + heating in the entrance.

In general, there are several formulas for calculating heating for each of the possible options:

• if there is a general house metering device;
• there are or are not individual devices in the apartment / non-residential premises;
• when using equipment to supply heating, if this equipment is considered part of the common property of the house.

Each specific case will be considered more easily in the following parts of the article.

Formulas for performing calculations

Formulas for calculations in the presence of a general house, individual heat meter, as well as in their absence, differ. Next, we will consider the order of charges in various situations.

Option # 1 - without a common house meter

If the tenants of an apartment building have not installed a common house meter, then payment will be made on the basis of three conditions:

• established standard;
• heating tariff;
• heated area.

The heating standard is set in each region by local authorities independently and depends on the climatic conditions of the region. The tariff is also set in each region in its own way. The concept of "heated area" includes the entire area of ​​the apartment, with the exception of the balcony and loggia.

Thus, the formula for calculating the cost of heating is presented in the following photo:

This is a general formula for calculating electricity consumption for houses without general house meters.

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the form of payment: for the heating period or for the whole year. Based on the forms of payment, calculations are made according to the formulas below.

Payment for the heating period

In accordance with the rules, payment for the heating period is made according to the following formula:

P_i = (V_i + (S_i x S^oi x N^T x (S^about - S^ind)) / (S^about x (S^about - S^ind + S^oi)) x T^T ,

Where:

P_i - the final amount of payment for the heating used.

S_i- the area of ​​the room for which the calculation is carried out (m²).

S^about - the total area of ​​all premises of the house (m²).

S^oi - total area of ​​common property premises (common premises) (m²).

N^T- the established standard for heating (Gcal).

S^ind- the area of ​​all apartments / non-residential premises in which there are no heating devices, (m²).

T^T - the established tariff for heating (rubles / Gcal).

V_i- the amount of energy consumed from heating for a particular room.

Common premises include the following:

• staircases;
• vestibules and halls;
• corridors;
• other premises not owned by individual owners.

The amount of energy consumed from heating for a specific room (V_i) is calculated using this formula:

V_i =S_i x ((N^T x (S^about - S^ind)) / (S^about - S^ind + S^oi)),

Where S_i,S^about, S^oi, S^ind, N^T - the values ​​are the same as in the previous formula.

Payment for the whole year

In some regions, in order to ease the monetary burden for utility bills, the cost of heating is spread over the entire calendar year.

The formula for calculating this cost is as follows:

P_i = (V_i + (S_i x S^oi x N^T x K x (S^about - S^ind)) / (S^about x (S^about - S^ind + S^oi)) x T^T .

This differs from the previous formula by the appearance of the coefficient TO, which is determined by dividing the number of months of the heating season by 12.

The K coefficient is also added to the formula for calculating the amount of thermal energy attributable to a specific room:

V_i =S_i x ((N^T x K x (S^about - S^ind)) / (S^about - S^ind + S^oi)).

Calculation using seemingly complex formulas, if all the values ​​are available, can be done independently.

Option # 2 - with an installed home meter

It is believed that the situation when a general meter for metering the supply of heating is installed is the most common. The use of a common metering device occurs due to the lack of the ability to introduce individual meters into the design of utilities.

Ultimately, each consumer cannot independently control the required amount of heat energy for his apartment.

Therefore, the calculation of the cost of heating will take into account the following basic parameters:

• the total amount of consumed thermal energy;
• area of ​​the room;
• building area (including all premises)
• heat energy tariff.

The general formula for such a calculation will look like this:

When calculating heating, a certain form of payment is also taken into account.

Payment for the heating period

Based on the general calculation formula, a specific formula is determined for each consumer:

P_i=(V_i + (S_i x (V^d - ∑V_i )) / S^about) x T^T,

Where:

P_i- the final amount of payment for the heating used.

S_i - the area of ​​the room for which the calculation is carried out (m²).

S^about - the total area of ​​all premises of the house (m²).

V^d - the volume of supplied heating according to the meter readings, if the payment is calculated for the heating season, (Gcal).

T^T - the established tariff for heating, (rubles / Gcal).

∑V_i- total consumption of energy from heating in all areas of the house. It can be calculated by multiplying the area of ​​living quarters by the result of dividing the volume of thermal energy according to the readings of the house meter V^d for the sum of all apartments and premises not belonging to the property.

V_i - the amount of energy consumed from heating for a particular room.

Calculated Vi by the following formula:

Vi=S_ix (V^d / (S^about - S^oi + S^ind)),

Where:

S^about - total area of ​​apartments / non-residential premises of the house (m²).

S^ind- the area of ​​all apartments / non-residential premises in which there are no heating devices, (m²).

S^oi - the total area of ​​all common property premises in the house (common premises) (m²).

It is according to this formula that utility services calculate the amount of payment for heating.

Features of calculations for the year

The calculation is made according to the same formulas as for payment for the heating period.

However, there are some peculiarities in the calculations:

1. The calculation of the amount for the consumed heating in the previous year is made.
2. Calculation of the amount of payment for heating this year.
3. Correction of the final payment amount.

The adjustment is made according to the formula:

P_i = P_kpi - P_npi,

Where:

P_kpi- the amount of payment for heating, calculated based on consumption for the last year.

P_npi - the amount of payment for heating, charged for this year to the consumer.

To calculate by the form of payment for heating for the last year, the parameter is used V^dfor the previous year. To calculate the monthly amount of payment, it is necessary to divide the parameter of the annual volume of heat energy according to the readings of the general house metering device by 12.

To calculate the payment for this year, the parameter is used V^d for this year.

More details question calculation for general house meters for heating, we considered in our other article.

Option # 3 - with individual counters

A solution that allows you to pay for the actually used heat energy - installation of an individual meter.

However, the calculation of payment by individual meter becomes more complex and includes the following parameters:

• the amount of heat consumed;
• the amount of heat consumed by the house;
• area of ​​the room;
• the area of ​​the house that is heated;
• the established tariff for heat energy.

The general formula for the calculation is shown in the photo:

Payment for heating the entrance and other general premises is made by the residents of the house on their own. The amount of the payment is determined by subtracting from the readings of the general house meter the sum of the readings of all individual meters and dividing the result by the number of people living in the house.

The calculation is carried out according to the formula:

P_i = (V_iⁿ + V_i^one x (S_i / S^about)) x T^T,

Where:

P_i - the final amount of payment for the heating used.

S_i- the area of ​​the room for which the calculation is carried out (m2).

S^about - the total area of ​​all premises of the house (m2).

T^T - the established tariff for heating, (rubles / Gcal).

V_iⁿ- reading of the heat consumption meter for the calculated room.

V_i^one- readings of the general house meter for the provision of thermal energy minus the amount of energy supplied to each room.

However, if not all residents of the house have installed individual meters, for each specific apartment, all heat energy consumption can be calculated equally in accordance with the meter readings.

Calculation formulas are similar to those used to determine the amount for heating in apartment buildings with a common meter:

P_i=(V_i + (S_i x (V^d - ∑V_i )) / S^about) x T^T

The difference lies in the calculation of the element V_i.

V_i- the amount of energy consumed from heating for a specific room:

• for rooms with meters - according to the readings of the devices, when calculating heating for the heating period;
• for rooms without meters - is calculated throughout the year from the average monthly volume.

Formula for calculating the amount of energy consumed:

V_i =S_i x (∑V_IPU / ∑S_iSPU),

Where:

S_i- the total area of ​​the room for which the calculation is being carried out, (m2).

∑V_IPU - total meter reading during the heating season, or for a month when calculating for a year, (Gcal).

∑S_iSPU- the sum of the areas of all rooms participating in the calculation and having installed meters.

When calculating the payment for heating for the whole year for the exact amount of payment, it is necessary to determine the adjustment according to the formula:

P_i = P_kpi - P_npi,

Where:

P_kpi - the amount of payment for heating, calculated based on consumption for the last year.

P_npi - the amount of payment for heating, charged for this year to the consumer.

Option # 4 - calculations for a communal apartment

In addition to the above options, there are two more, for which calculation formulas are also derived:

• Communal apartment;
• apartment buildings without central heating.

For communal apartments, the calculation is similar to the calculation according to consumption standards or according to the meter for apartment buildings. The only difference is the board definition is proportional to each room.

This calculation is done using the formula below:

Option # 5 - for houses with a personal boiler room

In houses where there is no central heating and have their own boiler room, the calculation of the consumed communal resource for heating a particular apartment is also made.

The general formula is as follows:

Are you building a private house with individual heating? In this case, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with gas consumption rates for heating or see example of gas consumption calculation when heating a house with an area of ​​150 m².

What to do in case of incorrect accrual?

Unfortunately, many consumers are faced with the problem of incorrect charges more and more often. An unscrupulous accountant of the management company, errors in charges, any carelessness committed through someone's fault - all this ultimately falls on the shoulders of the consumer of thermal energy.

Before paying for the received receipt, you must verify all the data provided in it with your calculations.

If an error was detected at this stage, then the problem can be solved in several ways:

1. Write a statement / claim to the management company.
2. Submit a complaint to the State Housing Inspectorate.
3. Submit a complaint to Rospotrebnadzor.
4. Submit a complaint to the prosecutor's office.
5. Submit an application to the court.

When submitting a written application to the Management Company, you need to make sure that there has not been an increase in the tariff. If the tariff remains the same, then often, after writing such a statement, the company will find an error in the charges and go to a meeting.

With the help of a claim, you can determine the procedure for returning overpaid funds:

• return in money;
• recalculation against future payments.

It is possible to file complaints with Rospotrebnadzor and the State Housing Inspectorate if the management company deliberately increases tariffs. In this case, the application / claim is brought in person or sent by registered mail. Based on the results of the inspection of these structures, an administrative penalty may be imposed on the Management Company.

An appeal to the prosecutor's office occurs when the previous instances do not solve the problem. And when going to court, you must have irrefutable evidence of the identified violations in the calculations.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

This video shows how the amount to be paid for heating is calculated:

Another thematic video on calculating heating bills:

We examined in detail the basic formulas for calculating payment for consumed heating. When calculating according to general, simpler, formulas, you can determine the approximate amount. However, utilities in their calculations take into account all parameters, performing them according to more complex formulas, also described by us in this article. If you know all the initial values, then despite the existing subtleties, it will not be difficult to calculate the cost of heating.

If after reading the article you still have questions and want to clarify a number of nuances from our experts, ask them in the special form for comments located below the article. Also here you can share your personal experience in performing settlements or a successful resolution of a dispute with the Management Company.