Binding of a heating boiler with their own hands: schemes for floor and wall boilers

Heating boiler binding is a system of pipelines and equipment designed to provide radiators with coolant. Simply put, this is all but batteries. Do not be afraid of the abundance of pipes, devices and process steps. After reading the article you will be on the shoulder.

And if it is arranged to do the heating of the boiler with its own hands, then it will serve longer, and it will “select” less funds.

The choice of power boiler

The first step is to choose a heating boiler, with the performance of which you need to decide in advance.

The calculation of the required power of the heating unit is influenced by many factors, it is:

• building volume;
• the number of windows and the total area of ​​the glazing;
• the number and area of ​​doorways;
• thermal conductivity of materials used in the construction of walls;
• the degree of insulation of supporting structures;
• average annual temperature in the construction region;
• location of the building, i.e. to which side of the world does the main, traditionally most glazed, facade come out?

However, there is an average figure that, without in-depth calculations, allows you to determine the required performance. For the middle lane, you can take 1 kW per 10 m² of heated space as a starting point (but not a guide to action!). To the estimated power of the boiler heating, it is necessary to add a stock of at least 20%.

Next, you need to decide on the type of heating boiler: autonomous or manual loading.

Heat for heating buildings is produced by processing fuel in boilers that heat the coolant

Types of heating boilers

Conventionally, boilers can be divided into autonomous and manual loading.
Autonomous boilers depending on the fuel used are:

• solid fuel;
• electrical;
• gas;
• liquid fuel.

The order in the list determines the cost of heating depending on the type of fuel: gas boilers will be the cheapest to operate. The boilers are equipped with automatic maintenance of the specified temperature of the coolant. Can work all year round. There are wall mounting and floor.

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Solid fuel boilers - affordable and cost-effective equipment. But it requires constant fuel loading and storage space.

Solid fuel boilers recycle wood, coal, peat. The most promising fuel for them is considered pellets, which do not spread coal dust and dirt.

The easiest to install electric boilers. They do not need chimneys, no boiler room organization is required. But for normal operation requires a stable supply of electricity of sufficient power.

In private homes and cottages, not visited daily, electric boilers can serve as the main supplier of heat. However, they should not be used in regions with interruptions in power supply.

The most suitable for economic reasons are gas boilers. If the area is not gasified, it is possible to connect a cylinder or a gas-holder device

Wall-mounted gas units are equipped with their own circulation pumps, expansion tank and safety group. Typically, this is a double-circuit equipment that supplies energy to the heating system and to the DHW

Floor gas units are available in single and dual circuit design. Predominant single-circuit, working purely on heating. Require the installation of the boiler room in compliance with the rules of use of gas equipment

In systems with condensing boilers, the energy of steam emitted during the combustion of fuel is used. There is an additional contour in their piping to take off the heat of the vapor.

Solid fuel boilers in autonomous heating

Fuel for solid fuel unitsnija_2

Electric boilers for the arrangement of a country house

Electrical equipment operation

Gas wall boiler in the kitchen of a private house

Gas boiler as a mini boiler room

Floor boiler for processing blue fuel

Features of the condensing boilers

For manual loading boilers are solid fuel boilers. The fuel used is wood, peat, coal. Requires human intervention to load fuel. Maintaining the desired temperature of the coolant, is also the responsibility of the person. Execution of boilers - outdoor. Equipped with a minimum set of automation. Heating boilers are one- and two-circuit. A water supply system is connected to the double-circuit boiler, which is constructed to heat the hot water.

Heating systems with a heating boiler must provide the necessary temperature in the treated rooms. The piping scheme should focus on the uniformity of heat supply to all devices

Boilers autonomous heating and principle of operation

In most modern gas boilers for independent heating the temperature of the heat carrier is maintained automatically. Inside the unit there is a heat exchanger heated by a burner on liquid or gaseous fuel. The boiler temperature sensor constantly monitors the temperature of the coolant.

As soon as the temperature has reached the set point, the burner goes out and the heating stops. When the temperature of the coolant falls below a predetermined limit, the burner is re-ignited. Such cycles of ignition-damping can occur quite often, there is nothing wrong with that.

If you plan to build a heating system with high performance, there is a possibility of overheating of the coolant. A thermal accumulator must be provided for such piping arrangements.

The vast majority of installed heating boilers heat the coolant by processing gas or liquid fuel. This is facilitated by widespread gasification and high reliability of boilers.

In the piping with solid fuel boilers is not provided for adjusting the heat supply, because burning process is impossible to control. In the case of termination of combustion, the circulation pump stops functioning (click to enlarge)

Advantages of gas and oil boilers:

• ease of maintenance;
• many security systems, often duplicate;
• part of the equipment included (circulation pump, pressure gauge).

The undoubted advantage is the high efficiency, which is on average 98%.

Heating systems can circulate water at a temperature not exceeding 105 ° C, steam with heating up to 130 ° C or air up to 60 ° C. When operating parameters are exceeded, the security group is triggered.

There are also disadvantages:

• in the absence of electricity, the whole system stops, a threat of defrosting is created;
• high price;
• the circulating pump works round the clock;
• can only be used in closed systems.

When installing a standalone boiler, you need to take into account the fixed costs of electricity. The circulation pump runs continuously, regardless of whether the heating medium is heated or not.

Manual boilers for solid fuel boilers

In solid fuel boilers, the fuel is loaded and ignited manually. Adjustment of intensity of burning can is made in the limited range. The operating time is determined by the burning time of the fuel of one load.

Solid fuel boilers are the most versatile solution, their advantages include:

• independence from electricity;
• can be used in closed and open systems;
• low price.

Units of this type work on the most accessible type of fuel.

There are significant drawbacks:

• usually come with a minimum set of equipment;
• require constant monitoring by the person;
• have low efficiency.

To solve the traditional "winter" problems one of the options may be the use of two different types of boilers in one heating circuit. In the normal mode, the autonomous boiler works, and in the event of an accident on a gas or electric line, a solid fuel heating unit is manually started.

Such a scheme will not allow the heating system to overcool and freeze. The second option may be the use of a special, non-freezing coolant - antifreeze.

The choice of the heating circuit of the boiler largely depends on the type of heating unit.

When installing a solid fuel boiler it is very important to observe all distances from the walls.

Types and heating schemes

The purpose of the heating system is to transfer heat energy from the boiler to the radiators. Energy transfer is carried out through the circulation of coolant.

The heating circuit can be implemented in the following ways:

• open one-pipe scheme;
• closed one-pipe scheme;
• closed two-pipe scheme.

Two-pipe closed heating scheme is the most progressive, has the highest efficiency. However, it is the most expensive and difficult to implement.

When heated, in the heating system there is an increase in the volume of coolant, the excess coolant is collected in the expansion tank. During cooling, the reverse process occurs: the coolant is reduced in volume, the heating system sucks the coolant from the expansion tank. According to the method of organizing the expansion tank, the systems are divided into open and closed.

Open circuit heating system

With an open system, the expansion tank is open, freely communicating with the atmosphere. The general layout is as follows: the heating boiler is located at the lowest point, the expansion tank is at the very top, relative to the heating radiator. The greater the difference in height between the expansion tank and the uppermost radiator, the better.

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Expansion tank in an open heating system provides space for increasing in volume when water is heated and contributes to the withdrawal of air bubbles from the coolant

As the simplest heating tank, any container can be used with the supply pipe and overflow pipe connected to it.

The overflow pipe is arranged on the side, 10 cm from the top of the tank. If this level is exceeded, the excess coolant will be drained from the tank

Any container can be used as a surge tank: a canister, an old can, a saucepan with a lid. The volume of the tank is not critical, but not less than 4.5 -5% of the coolant volume

Expansion tank open system

Homemade tanks for heating circuits

Overflow Pipeline Rules

Option homemade expansion tank

The circulation of the coolant in the open one-pipe system occurs naturally, heated water or its mixture with antifreeze due to gravity moves. As the coolant cools down, it becomes heavier, due to which it gradually descends to the lower level of the system. Heavy matter pushing a lighter, hotter coolant. So they constantly alternate, i.e. The coolant moves along the ring of the heating system.

The boiler piping in an open heating system does not require mandatory installation of control devices. In case of overheating, it will spontaneously get rid of excess coolant (click to enlarge)

Such an organization of the heating system has its advantages:

• the simplest scheme;
• there is no need for electricity, because the coolant moves by gravity;
• low sensitivity to an emergency increase in pressure (for example, when boiling).

It will take the least amount of money to build a system with natural coolant flow, because it does not make sense to equip it with automatic equipment, bypass valves, or a circulating pump.

Unfortunately, there are significant drawbacks:

• constant contact of the coolant with air leads to gas pollution;
• the possibility of cooling the coolant in the cold;
• relatively slow circulation of the coolant;
• it is impossible to achieve the same temperature of radiators;
• A large amount of coolant is required.

With an open system, the constant contact of the coolant with atmospheric oxygen, leads to increased corrosion of pipelines and radiators. The formation of various pollutants reduces the efficiency of the heating system in general.

With aluminum and bimetallic radiators such a system does not work well.

When running through a system with natural circulation, it is important to observe the slopes. The expansion tank is located at the highest point of the system.

An open one-pipe heating system is the easiest to implement and the least efficient. It is applied with manual loading boilers. It is used mainly for heating small private buildings on one and two floors.

Closed scheme of the heating system

With the closed scheme of the heating system, the expansion tank is made in the form of a steel tank, inside of which there is a rubber bulb or membrane under pressure of air. At expansion of the heat carrier, the pear shrinks and releases additional volume.

In a closed heating system, the excess pressure at overheating of the coolant is discharged using a Mayevsky crane

Forced circulation of the coolant allows all heating radiators to warm up much faster and more evenly. At the same time, the heat carrier by means of special air vent valves once gets rid of all the gases present in it. Pipelines remain clean and corrosion does not occur.

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In closed heating systems, expansomats are used - closed capsules, divided inside an elastic membrane into two sectors

One of the sectors of the tank is filled with a gas mixture, the second remains free to provide space expanding when heated

A closed-type expansion tank can be placed anywhere in the heating circuit, but it is better to install it near the boiler on the return pipe

The volume of the closed expansion tank is selected in accordance with the thermal expansion of the coolant flowing through the system. If water is used, the volume of the expanzomat should be 3%.

Expansion tank closed heating circuit

Work of a closed broad tank

Installation location closed tank

Expansion tank volume for closed system

The layout of the boiler and expansion tank can be any: the boiler can be in the basement or on the first floor. The expansion tank is usually installed near the boiler.

The advantages of a closed system:

• clean coolant;
• guaranteed circulation
• free equipment location;
• the minimum amount of coolant;
• small pipe diameter.

Disadvantages of a closed system:

• constant overpressure;
• increased cost.

A closed, single-pipe heating system remains fairly inexpensive, allowing the use of all types of boilers.

When the heating system is closed, there is freedom of installation. Expansion tank may be near the boiler

Single pipe heating system

According to the method of movement of the coolant according to the scheme of the pipeline and the instruments included in it, the heating systems are divided into one- and two-pipe.

With a single pipe heating system from the boiler stretches the main line of large diameter - flow. It acts as a transporter of hot coolant and collector of it in the cooled form. The heating radiators are connected in series with two thinner pipes. One of them takes the coolant, the second releases.

The coolant alternately passes all the batteries, parting along the way with a part of the thermal energy.

The one-pipe category is divided into two subspecies:

• Flow through. In the flow scheme there is no supply riser as a structural element. The radiators of the upper floor are connected with analogues on the floor below. In this scheme it is impossible to use adjustment valves in order not to block the access of the heat carrier to the following devices.
• With bypasses. According to this variant, radiators are connected by risers, but are separated from the contour by closing links. The coolant comes from the supply riser. It is distributed in portions to all devices to which it enters practically at the same time, due to which it cools less.

The heating circuit with bypasses allows you to adjust the temperature and repair the failed device, without disconnecting the entire system. In this regard, the flow-through variant loses in the same way as in the cooling rate of the coolant. But the flow version is easier to implement.

In one-pipe systems with forced circulation, the heated coolant rises through the main riser and is distributed to series-connected batteries.

If the one-pipe scheme is used in the heating circuit with natural circulation of the coolant, there are no reverse risers, and only the upper wiring is used to connect the devices.

Two-pipe heating system

In the case of a two-pipe heating system, one line supplies a hot heat carrier heated by the boiler. The second one accepts and discharges it chilled back to the heating unit. The receiving pipe is called the feed, the collecting pipe is called the return pipe. Connecting radiators occurs in parallel.

The coolant in the coldest radiator has the lowest temperature, respectively, the rest of the pressure. The circulation of the coolant is the more intense, the greater the difference in temperature between the flow and the return liner. As a result, a cold radiator will warm up faster. Thus, the temperature in all devices connected to one collector is equalized.

Pluses of heating with two pipes:

• setting the temperature parameters of one radiator does not affect the rest;
• hydrodynamic stability of the entire system;
• easily allows you to connect devices to adjust the flow of hot water;
• all pipelines can be hidden in floors or walls;
• high speed and efficiency.

Two-pipe systems come with top and bottom wiring, with dead-end and passing heat carrier transportation. It happens with its natural movement and with forced circulation, stimulated by circulation pumping devices.

A two-pipe heating system is more complicated and more expensive than a single-pipe one, but it significantly surpasses it in the degree of creating comfortable conditions (click to enlarge)

In circuits with natural circulation, the boiler is installed

Of the minuses are the following:

• double the number of pipelines;
• relatively high price;
• the need to use shut-off and control valves.

A two-pipe system, despite its complex construction, is the preferred solution, especially when used with stand-alone boilers.

Analysis of the coolant occurs with a pair of collectors

If you do not resort to complex heat engineering calculations, you can take advantage of many years of construction experience in the middle lane. For the construction of the supply and collecting lines to apply recommended two-inch pipes (Ø 50mm), attached to the boilers. Risers are made of pipes of similar size.

Batteries, depending on the number of sections, are connected to supply and return pipes with 1.5 на (for 25-35 sections), 1ʺ (for 10-25 sections), 3 / 4ʺ (less than 10 sections).

When building an autonomous heating system with one or more boilers to achieve the most efficient and comfortable microclimate, a two-pipe system is suitable. It can be used on any objects. Works with any types of radiators and any boilers. The choice of heating scheme depends on the desired price-quality ratio and the purchased heating boiler.

The implementation of the heating system

Armed with the necessary knowledge of the principles and merits of each heating scheme, you can create a procedure:

• selection of heating scheme;
• choice of heating boiler;
• purchase of necessary equipment;
• installation.

For the device open, single-pipe heating scheme, it is enough to have a thermometer (in most cases, comes complete with a boiler) and an expansion tank, as a rule, homemade. For closed systems, the minimum required equipment is similar and is discussed further below.

Purchase of necessary equipment

The mandatory list of equipment for closed heating systems includes:

• expansion tank;
• overpressure relief valve;
• circulation pump;
• automatic air vent valve;
• in the case of a two-pipe system, manifolds (also known as combs);
• pipes.

When purchasing a heating boiler for autonomous water supply, a part of the equipment can be not purchased. The equipment offered for sale, as a rule, is already equipped with a circulation pump, safety valve, expansion tank, pressure gauge.

Before choosing the necessary equipment, you should draw a diagram to scale and make a list of the required elements.

Features of mounting boilers heating

Heating boilers produced in floor and wall version. They are mounted depending on the version.

In the series of wall boilers there are turbocharged. These are boilers which forcibly discharge exhaust gases and deliver air to the combustion chamber. In such boilers there is an ultra-efficient processing of fuel, as a result, the exhaust gases have a low temperature. The removal of gases and air supply is made using a special coaxial pipe. Pipe horizontally with a slight incline is displayed on the street. Slope is necessary for draining condensate into the street, not inside the boiler.

The choice of a wall-mounted piping scheme can only be of a closed type, since all wall-mounted boilers are autonomous.

In all other boilers, including manual floor loading, exhaust gas is discharged into a vertical chimney. The part of the chimney facing the street should be insulated to prevent condensation.

A solid base and a platform made of non-combustible material (iron sheet, ceramic tile) are necessary for an outdoor, solid fuel heating boiler. The manual boiler floor piping can be open and closed, one pipe and two pipe.

When installing a wall-mounted boiler with a coaxial pipe. The best place is the outer wall of the boiler room, so the length of the pipe will be minimal

Selection and installation of the expansion tank

Even if an expansion tank is already installed in the heating boiler, it is strongly recommended to install an additional one. The volume of the expansion tank is selected based on the volume of coolant. A good option for installing an expansion tank is to install it on a standard comb, along with an automatic air vent valve and a pressure gauge.

Before installing the expansion tank, it is necessary to inflate it with air to the recommended pressure, usually 1.5-2.0 atm. It is better to install the expansion tank next to the boiler.

For reliable operation of the device, it is necessary to check air pressure at least once a year.

Installation of a circulation pump

The need to use an additional circulating pump, its parameters are determined by hydraulic calculations. There are a few general comments.

The operation of the circulation pump is designed for a temperature of about 60 ° C. Therefore, it is advisable to mount the pump on the return pipe, with a cooler coolant. Also, for safety reasons, if the coolant overheats before the formation of steam, when installing the pump on a straight pipe, the pump impeller will stop working, which will lead to even greater overheating.

The direction of the coolant movement is clearly marked on the housing of the circulation pump. The orientation of the circulation pump can be any, but the rotor must always remain in the horizontal plane.

It is allowed to mount the pump in such a way that the shaft rotates in the sliding bushes. Otherwise, the pump will quickly fail.

Automatic Vent Valves

Even with the formation of air pockets, one valve will be sufficient for the removal of gases. Sooner or later, the air dissolving in the coolant will be released through the valve. However, the dissolution rate is low and it may take up to several months for such a gas outlet.

The correct setting is only possible on a fully air-conditioned system. In order not to wait for several months, it is necessary to install several automatic valves.

A good place to install automatic valves is on combs and manifolds.

Safety valve, pressure gauge, automatic air vent valve should be mounted together - in the safety unit

Site selection and collector installation

The purpose of the collector - the distribution of coolant to consumers. Consumers can make warm floors, radiators, coils in the bathrooms.

Structurally, the collector is a pipe segment with several taps. The number of taps must match the number of consumers. For a two-pipe system, the number of collectors is at least two. For each outlet, an adjustment of the volume of the coolant is provided.

When organizing the heating of a two-story house and more, each floor has its own pair of collectors. If there are heated floors, it is necessary to allocate a separate collector for them. For each floor has its own pair. Separate collectors are needed for the following reasons:

• due to the difference in hydrodynamic resistance of pipelines between the nearest and far radiators;
• with different consumer characteristics;
• for reliable setup of the entire system.

Due to the different hydrodynamic resistance, it may be necessary to install an additional circulation pump in the heating circuit of the boiler, for example, on a heated floor collector. For ease of adjustment, collectors are mounted in one place, in a special cabinet.

The collector is a great place to mount auxiliary equipment: pressure gauges, safety valves, flow meters

Selection of pipe material for a single pipe system

For single pipe systems, steel pipes are the most common. Large selection of diameters and not high cost make such a choice preferred.

At installation of pipes it is necessary to observe a slope not less than 5 mm per running meter. Aesthetically inclined pipes look worse, but provide reliable circulation of the coolant, even in case of shutdown of the circulation pump.

Connecting radiators in an open system, produce a pipe of a minimum diameter of 32 mm. Forward and reverse lines are made of pipes of larger diameter, at least 50mm.

Steel pipes are a practical material, but they are susceptible to corrosion and require painting. Polymer pipes have a lower hydraulic resistance, therefore smaller diameter can be used

Pipes for two-pipe system

The two-pipe system does not require large diameters. Pipe material can be varied: polypropylene, metal-plastic, etc.

The main thing is that the pipes can withstand pressure and temperature. Since the two-pipe system does not require natural circulation, the pipes are hidden in an underground space or in walls. All pipes must be insulated to prevent heat loss.

Pipes connecting the collector have a diameter of 20-25 mm., Connect the heating devices 16-20 mm. respectively.

The use of modern materials and installation technology will not require welding. All installation is made, as in the designer

Each pipe bend adds hydrodynamic resistance; if possible it should be avoided. The large difference in the hydrodynamic resistance of the branches of one collector will make regulation difficult or impossible.

After installation of all components, pressure testing is required. The pressure should remain constant for at least 24 hours. If the heating system has been successfully tested, the heating boiler strapping can be considered complete.

Useful video on the topic

How to choose the most suitable heating unit:

Comparative analysis of options for the device heating system:

Recommendations for the location of a solid fuel boiler:

At first glance, heating systems seem complicated. However, the principles on which the heating system works are very simple. Properly designed and executed, the system is able to work for years without any intervention.