What a screwdriver looks like: photo, principle of operation, types, characteristics - Setafi

A screwdriver (less often a screwdriver) is a household and professional tool for automatically screwing self-tapping screws, screws. Operates on an electric or pneumatic motor. About what a screwdriver looks like, and what types of device there are, is described in this material.

Appearance and principle of operation

Externally, the device resembles a glue gun. It has a working part and a handle, as well as a removable battery for recharging. Different types of screwdrivers consist of the same elements:

1. The engine is electric or less often pneumatic traction. It drives the rotary mechanism.
2. Planetary gearbox - transmits the mechanical movement generated by the motor to the spindle. To the latter, a clamping chuck is installed.
3. Coupling for adjusting rotation or twisting depth. It can also be installed before the gearbox.
4. The electronic unit also affects the characteristics of the screwdriver. It is equipped with a start button and travel switch. The tool is used both for tightening screws and for unscrewing.
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5. Clamping chuck - allows you to connect working nozzles, for example, drills, bits with a spindle.
6. If the tool is electric, it is also equipped with a battery that can be charged from the mains. Many models also run on batteries.

Disassembled tool

The principle of operation of the device is quite simple. When the start button is pressed, the motor drives the planetary gear. It mechanically transmits momentum to a shaft that rotates the chuck. As a result, it is possible to quickly and easily screw in self-tapping screws, screws or other fasteners.

Types of screwdrivers

If you study how screwdrivers differ, several criteria should be considered. So, according to the purpose and features of the equipment, we can distinguish the following:

1. The classic version - in most cases it is a hand tool. Used for screwing and unscrewing. Equipped with a clutch-regulator, operates at several speeds, forward and reverse motion (reverse) is possible.
2. With adjustable screw depth. If we say what a screwdriver with such a function is for, you can pay attention to the fact that it is more often used to work with drywall. Operates from mains or battery drive.
3. A cordless screwdriver is a compact, low-power tool with a spindle lock. It can be used for additional twisting or unscrewing. It is often equipped with a clutch-regulator, but does not have a cam chuck.
4. If we consider what kind of screwdrivers are, we should also highlight the wrench. It tightens and loosens nuts and bolts. Moreover, it can be both a handheld device and heavy equipment. Works in normal and pulse mode. Generally not used for drilling.
5. Screwdriver - a screwdriver, the description of which contains the following main characteristics: equipment with a hexagonal holder, shank. It is mainly used for working with self-tapping screws and screws.
6. A drill driver is a tool with a wider range of tasks. With it, you can make holes, screw and unscrew screws and other fasteners.

Depending on the scope of use, all types of screwdrivers can be divided into professional and household. The former are more expensive, but they are more stable, work without overheating, allow you to screw and unscrew self-tapping screws on a serial scale.

Household power tools are more affordable. They are noticeably lighter in weight, you can use such a device even without experience. But don't count on long term service.

Finally, all types of screwdrivers can be divided depending on the equipment:

1. With a torque clutch - this is a special ring with a scale. Regulates the torque so that the device does not work at its limit and does not overheat.
2. Screwing depth limiter - as a rule, it is installed on professional devices. It helps to determine the desired depth in advance, which is very convenient.

For domestic use, a conventional cordless screwdriver is suitable, the characteristics of which are described in the next section.

Main characteristics

When choosing a device for home or work, you need to study the functions of a screwdriver and its main parameters. It is on them that power, scope, durability and reliability depend.

Torque

The technical characteristics of a screwdriver are related to its torque. This determines how deep the self-tapping screw can be screwed, as well as the diameter of the holes in wood or other materials. Torque can be soft, hard and continuous. This refers to the value that develops and maintains the device over a long period of time.

Power supply

Considering all types of screwdrivers from the photo, you should pay attention to the power source. Depending on this, all tools are divided into battery and network. In everyday life, the first ones are most common - they are not connected to an outlet, they can be moved to any place. On the other hand, network devices are more powerful.

If you study everything about screwdrivers, you will notice that the battery has several characteristics:

1. Voltage (from 3.6 to 36.0 volts) - power and torque depend on it.
2. Capacity (from 1.3 to 6.0 Ah) - the larger it is, the longer the tool will work without recharging.
3. Another way to choose a screwdriver is to find out what type of battery is used. Li-Ion is the best.

Advice

If neededA continuous operation of the equipment for a significant amount of time, it is better to immediately purchaseWithand a second battery.

Speed ​​modes

To select a screwdriver in the characteristics and description, pay attention to the speed modes - there are 3 of them in total:

1. Up to 800 rpm at idle.
2. With 2 modes - for screwing (up to 400 rpm) and for drilling (up to 1300 rpm).
3. Three speeds - a rare option, used in the professional field.

Spindle lock

If you choose a cordless screwdriver, its technical characteristics should be studied especially carefully for the possibility of spindle lock. If there is an appropriate mechanism, it is easy to change the nozzles in the cartridge, since the cartridge itself is enough to hold with only one hand.

Reverse

Almost all tools can both tighten screws and unscrew them. For this, the reverse mode is used, which can be turned on by pressing one button on the handle.

Thus, outwardly, the device resembles a pistol with a handle and a working mechanism. To understand the classification, you should study all the names of screwdrivers. Among them there are screwdrivers, cordless screwdrivers, drills and others.