Both spacious country cottages and small country houses have their local water supply systems, the sources of which are wells, wells, or village columns. Agree, it is possible to use the produced water for watering plants and domestic needs without special concerns, but its use requires additional preparation.
It is about using various filters. The variety of water treatment elements can be misleading and complicate the choice.
We will tell you which water filters to give better use, we will designate the pros and cons different models, and also describe by what criteria and characteristics it is necessary to select the water treatment device. To facilitate the task of choice, we have prepared an overview of the best manufacturers of water filters.
The content of the article:
- Water filter for the garden - a luxury or a necessity
-
Filter classification by installation method
- Characteristics of the device in the form of a jug
- The device in the form of nozzles on the crane
- Embedded "under the sink" option
- Membrane filters
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The main types of devices on the principle of action
- Mechanical coarse and fine cleaning
- Adsorption cleaning device
- Ion exchange filter for water
- Criteria for competent choice
- Leading manufacturers of cleaning systems
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Water filter for the garden - a luxury or a necessity
Consider what options to focus on when choosing a water dacha filter.
Even the most well-kept well is not a guarantee that the water in it is usable. After all, a crystal clear liquid may contain toxic substances that are invisible to the eye, such as nitrogen, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide, which get into it in the process of decomposition of plant waste and animals.
Toxic chemicals used on an industrial scale, and drugs used to control pests directly fall into the groundwater
At risk also belong gardeners, areas of which are located near industrial facilities and agro-complexes. And to use the life-giving moisture that has not been cleaned with a water filter to give, risking your health, is not worth it.
The lucky owners of the drilled wells are also still better off on the safe side. After all, potable water that received this status as a result of testing in SES will not get worse after filtration. And the one that does not cause much confidence, after passing the filter will become more secure.
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The choice of the degree of purification and devices for water filtration depends on the type of water intake structure. Water from the well and the needle well is not enough just filtering.
When planning the use of water for drinking purposes and cooking, the composition of the water should be investigated in SES. If research confirms the possibility, the water still needs to go through at least the simplest filter, then boiling
The simplest filter jug can have several degrees of cleaning that perform iron removal, decontamination and softening.
Similar actions should be carried out in the preparation of water obtained from a needle well. Water from artesian workings can often be boiled without prior filtration.
If the water intake scheme at the dacha is automated, in addition to standard filters for the treatment of drinking water, devices with the same name, but used to protect equipment, will also be required.
To protect water intake units from clogging, the pumping station is protected with a mesh filter, installed on the suction pipe, and a submersible pump with a filter installed on the pressure pipe after unit
For the preparation of potable quality water in the automated water supply scheme include fine filters that make deferrization, disinfection, softening
For protection against clogging of the internal section of the water supply system, strainers are installed placed in front of the water heater, hydraulic tank, booster pump and similar equipment.
Water intake at the cottage from the well
The simplest filter for water treatment
Multistage water purification
Getting water from the well-needle
Filters for an automated system
Coarse and fine filters
Filters for deferrization and softening
Strainer for the internal network
And before you buy a water purification filter for the garden, you need to decide what needs to be removed from the source of drinking water, and what’s best left.
After all, it is not necessary to filter all the components of the water transported through the pipeline to the house, because it simply may not have components that the cleaning device is intended to eliminate.
To determine the presence of impurities, it is necessary water analysis. If we are talking about surface sources, then in addition to chemical analysis, the microbiological composition and the presence of organic inclusions are checked.
Not every impurity dissolved in drinking water is harmful, for example, the removal of the same salts makes it “dead”
According to the results of the tests and select the best option mini-treatment plant.
They are produced in a wide variety of modifications, which, depending on the destination:
- make mechanical cleaning;
- adsorb and eliminate odors and solutes;
- provide antibacterial cleaning;
- soften the water entering the pipeline due to the ion exchange reaction;
- complex rid of water from the above.
Almost all filters for water purification at the dacha are classified according to two criteria: according to the purification method and the composition of the impurities with which they are able to cope.
Filter classification by installation method
The market has a huge number of different filters. And many of them are marked "suitable for giving."
Even the presence of the label "suitable for giving" can not guarantee that the device is optimally suited for your option.
Indeed, in all wells and wells, water may differ in composition, have its own “problems”. In addition, the selected filter can perfectly cope with the function assigned to it, but it does not fit the location.
Characteristics of the device in the form of a jug
The most affordable and low-cost method of water purification - the acquisition of a modular jug. Mobile container does not require pre-installation. It is easy to assemble / disassemble. Cleans the water in full: how much was poured into the tank, and received as much at the output.
The device works according to this principle: water is poured into the upper part of the tank. She through the module with a cleansing sorbent gradually flows into the receiving funnel. The volume of the tank, depending on the model, can reach 4.2 liters.
The filter jug is a plastic container inside which there is a small reservoir for liquid collection, equipped with a replaceable cartridge.
As a cleaning adsorbent in such pitchers, granular activated carbon is most often used. In some models, cassette filling includes components such as silver, aragon, and ion exchange resin.
Cassettes provide an average level of cleaning, as they are able to remove only visible suspensions: rust, chlorine, some impurities.
Devices of this type are great:
- for suburban areas where it is not possible to install more powerful equipment;
- with small amounts of drinking water, because at a time the filter is able to clean from one and a half to three liters of water.
Replaceable cartridge is selected, focusing on the composition of water. They are of universal type and directional action, for example: to filter heavy metals or soften very hard water. Information about the properties of the filler with a detailed description of what protects the filter can always be found on the pack.
Manufacturers often place mechanical indicators on the lid of the jugs, with which it is convenient to monitor the remaining cleaning resource.
The cost of such devices ranges from 700-1500 p. Replacement cartridges for them, depending on the content, will cost about 150-300 rubles.
The regularity of the need for replacement depends on the frequency of use of the jug. Traditionally, one cartridge is enough for 300 liters of water. But when working with too polluted water, the filter can deplete its resources earlier.
The device in the form of nozzles on the crane
If water supply is provided at the cottage, the purchase of a compact device in the form of a nozzle on a crane will be an excellent solution.
The nozzle is a small plastic device of a cylindrical shape, which is screwed to the spout of the valve by means of thread or with the help of special clamps.
If we compare the quality of filtration of water passed through the nozzle, then it is higher than the one that was cleaned through a jug. This is due to a two-stage purification, including the mechanical delay of coarse fractions and finer chemical filtration with activated carbon.
On sale there are two types of nozzles:
- Removable - put on the faucet only at the time when you need to get filtered water (when filling the pot or kettle).
- Permanent - mounted permanently, the resource of such non-removable devices is designed for a certain portion of the supply of raw water.
The price of the nozzle is made up of three factors: the life of the cartridge, the filtration rate, and the cleaning fineness parameters. The volume of the filtered liquid varies in the range of 0.2-6 l / min. The possibilities of one cartridge on average range from 500 to 2000 liters.
Filtration nozzles on the crane perfectly eliminate rust, chlorine and lime deposits, as well as reduce water hardness.
The only drawback of such nozzles is poor compatibility with pumps used in the construction of autonomous water supply systems. The presence of nozzles on the tap significantly slows the passage of water. And this provokes an overload of the pump. He begins to work in spurts, which is detrimental to his condition.
Embedded "under the sink" option
Such a device is considered to be the best among those listed. Filters under the sink well capture and retain harmful impurities and bacteria. Their installation does not threaten the operation of the pump.
But systems of this type are suitable only for summer cottages equipped with a plumbing circuit.
The construction, equipped with filtration modules, is installed under the sink, and the fitting pipe equipped with a fitting is “embedded” in the common water supply system
Depending on the degree of contamination, water may be subjected to the following cleaning steps:
- Mechanical coarse filtering by passing through the mesh "barrier", the result of which the liquid is freed from solid particles and suspensions.
- Fine mechanical cleaning, thanks to which the smallest impurities are caught invisible to the eye.
- Adsorptionconsisting in the physico-chemical treatment, in which through the formation of new bonds harmful microelements are retained.
- Aeration, as a result of which the content of dissolved lime and iron decreases.
Embedded models are vulnerable to highly polluted water. Mesh barriers instantly clogging, turn into breeding grounds for microbes. And to replace the cartridge in a rather complicated design is not so easy.
Some owners solve this issue by removing a separate small tap, through which purified water flows “under the sink”.
Many owners from the acquisition of such a device stops a relatively high price, which ranges from 3-15 thousand rubles But such a cost is fully justified, since the water that has passed the four-stage purification acquires qualities bottled
The more modules the design includes, the more cleaning steps the water supplied from the pipeline passes.
Models in the form of nozzles on the crane and embedded filters for washing belong to the category of flow, for the operation of which requires water supply.
Membrane filters
In order to be able to clean large volumes at once, it is better to choose reverse osmosis filters. They are also called universal. The basis of such filters is a membrane made of synthetic material, including many microscopic cells.
Due to such a constructive solution, only water molecules can penetrate through the smallest pores; all the rest is left to the "board" (+)
After such purification, water acquires sterile properties, in which mineral salts that are useful for the body are washed out along with harmful substances. By consuming such “dead” water, a person has to take care of filling the missing salts and trace elements.
Due to the high price and large water intake, such innovations are not particularly in demand among summer residents. To obtain five liters of pure liquid, 3-4 times more water should pass through the filter.
Spent liquid must be discharged into a cesspool, which is also not bottomless. And these are already extra costs not only for water supply, but also for emptying the cesspool.
The pores of the membrane, due to their small size, are prone to clogging by large particles, and therefore it is important for the effective operation of the device to organize preliminary filtration of the water supplied through the pipes (+)
In addition, one of the prerequisites of membrane-type filtration equipment is the presence of pressure in the system, the indicator of which is at least 4 atm. The creation of such conditions entails additional costs for the purchase of a powerful pressure boosting pump.
Additional information about the choice and features of using reverse osmosis filters is presented in the articles:
- Reverse osmosis: harm and benefits of membrane cleaning of tap water
- How to choose a reverse osmosis filter: ranking of the best manufacturers and their products
- Do-it-yourself reverse osmosis: step-by-step assembly and installation instructions
The main types of devices on the principle of action
If, however, based on the composition of impurities that are able to delay the filters, then mini-cleaning stations are of these types.
Mechanical coarse and fine cleaning
In any well or well there is sand, rust flakes and clay particles. To rid the liquid of insoluble particles and set mechanical cleaning filters. Necessity to install them is not worth it, especially when it comes to highly contaminated liquids.
Coarse filters take the brunt of it. It traps insoluble particles. The water that passes through them enters the water supply system.
Coarse mechanical filters become dirty over time and more slowly cope with the task; as you fill them you need to rinse
Mechanical filters, designed to free water from particles of rust, sand and other solid inclusions, are of three types:
- Mesh - in the form of mesh nets ranging in size from 50 to 500 microns. There are disposable devices on sale that need to be replaced as they are filled, and self-washing units equipped with an automatic cleaning system.
- Cartridge - are replaceable cartridges placed in plastic or steel cases that can hold particles as small as 0.5 microns in size.
- Pressure head - structures in the form of anti-corrosion tanks, inside of which the filtering material is placed, equipped with a drainage pipe and a regulating unit.
Self-cleaning strainers are often equipped with pressure control valves, which protect the equipment against sudden changes, and pressure gauges.
Cartridge devices perfectly capture not only small particles of rust and sand, but also substances of a viscous structure - softened clay, mud and algae.
In the water that has passed through the mechanical prefilter, in any case, chemical compounds and heavy metals remain. They cope with fine filters. They are able to hold particles whose size does not exceed 5 microns.
If the possibility allows, it is better to install both devices: both coarse and fine cleaning, when arranging a water supply system with drinking water.
The fine filters include the membrane devices described above.
Adsorption cleaning device
The main purpose of adsorbing filters is to deal with unpleasant tastes and odors resulting from pollution of organic origin. They protect the body from heavy metals, chloride compounds and pathogens. The scheme of such devices may include from two to four modules.
Adsorption purification device consists of a fiberglass tank, inside which is placed activated carbon with high adsorption capacity.
The efficiency and rate of adsorption depends on three parameters:
- pollutant concentrations;
- sorbent structures;
- active reaction environment.
The key to the efficiency of the sorption process is the elimination of water entering the pores of activated carbon, suspended solids of which are capable of shielding them. Coal that has lost its ability to sorption is regenerated or replaced.
Ion exchange filter for water
The main purpose of this type of device is to capture heavy metals and radioactive elements from water. By removing excess calcium and magnesium ions from the aquatic environment, the device perfectly softens the water.
The ion-exchange filter is a module with a plastic or steel case, inside which is placed a block filled with hydrogen resins.
Hydrogen and ion exchange resins are able to absorb ions of some metals from the salt solution, replacing them with hydrogen or ions of other metals. The resulting composition has a weakly acidic environment, which is most favorable for the human body.
Thanks to a multi-stage filtration, water with a neutral pH level is obtained, in which bacteria, viruses and heavy metals are absent (+)
The only drawback of the devices is the need to install regenerating tanks, as well as the disposal of end-of-life components.
Criteria for competent choice
Save on the summer water filter is not worth it. Cheap equipment at best will not give the desired degree of purification, and at worst - add impurities.
When choosing a device, pay attention to the following parameters:
- Number of cleaning steps - the more modules, the better the output.
- Performance - jug-type models are able to meet the needs of one or two households. For a large family, it is better to purchase stationary models.
- Filtering features - the device should be selected individually, focusing on the composition of the water.
Since the filter is constantly in contact with the aqueous medium, all its elements must be made of materials that are resistant to its negative effects.
For stationary models connected to the water supply, durable and durable materials are the key selection criteria
Some models can be equipped with mineralizers. The usefulness of these modules is not supported by scientific research. So decide whether to use them or not.
Leading manufacturers of cleaning systems
Key value at select water filter It should be paid to the manufacturer. It is worthwhile to be guided by the duration of the company's work in the market and the range of services offered to customers.
It is also worth paying attention to how long the manufacturer assumes warranty obligations and whether it provides equipment maintenance services.
Among domestic manufacturers, who have gained considerable prestige in the field of water treatment, the most well-known brands are:
- "Aquaphor" - the largest Russian sorbent developer offers a wide range of products, starting with simple models of the jug variant and ending with the most complex multi-stage complexes.
- "Geyser" - the domestic company manufactures products using the most modern technologies, which not only purifies water qualitatively, but also nourishes it with healthy minerals.
- "Barrier" - manufacturer of high-quality filters when creating new developments in the field of water treatment uses its own research laboratory and automated German lines.
Devices listed brands do an excellent job with the purification of water and attract an affordable price.
If we consider products of foreign manufacturers, then filters made by Germany, the USA, Poland and Belgium are most popular:
- Vrita - one of the most technologically advanced leaders in the field of improving water quality. The German manufacturer produces household and industrial models that meet the highest quality standards.
- Bluefilterst - The German brand has set a new bar in the field of filtration, having patented the New Line technology. One of the product features is the presence of a “living water” cartridge filled with highly structured liquid, which charges purified water with positive energy.
- Zepter - The Swiss company produces multi-stage cleaning systems, focused on different groups of consumers.
If we talk specifically about filters in the form of nozzles on the crane, then some manufacturers offer devices only under the taps with threaded spout. These include brand models “Akvafor Topaz», «Euro Geyser».
Models "Instapur F"And"Barrier Select»Can be used for all types of cranes, including domestic products, devoid of thread. But, in principle, the issue of incompatibility of the removable nozzle with a crane can be solved by additional purchase and installation of the adapter.
If you want to save on the purchase, you can make a water filter with your own hands. Several practical and affordable options are offered in this article.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Why do I need a filter in the country:
What to consider when choosing a device:
The choice of filter should be based on the principles of common sense. It would be naive to assume that a “nozzle” or “jug” with regular use will last for a dozen years.
For regular operation, it is better to choose stationary units. But if you are looking for a mobile portable device that allows you to improve the quality of water - this is the best option.
Looking for an effective water filter? Or have experience using such installations? Please leave comments on the article and share your impressions about the use of water filters.
