How to plant a plum in the fall?

Plum is one of the most famous fruit crops. It came from Asia and spread throughout Europe, not forgetting Russia.This shrub quite unpretentious and easy to take rootin the suburban areas, but a good harvest should be counted only with proper care and proper planting.

When it is better to plant a plum: we take into account the variety, climatic zones, season

The main rule of any tree planting or transplanting- it must have time to get accustomed to the onset of heat or cold, otherwise the whole year will be wasted.

In other words, it is necessary to plant and transplant the plum:

1. In early spring: it is necessary to plant before the beginning of the sap flow and the appearance of the kidneys, that is, in April, as soon as the earth warms up. In this case, the plum immediately begins to actively develop and feed, which will enable it to grow stronger until the next winter. Also, the advantages of a spring transplant are the timing: if the gardener slightly tightens with planting, he will not have to worry about the health of the seedling.
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2. In the first half of autumn, from the end of September to the 20th of October. It is important to have a transplant 3-4 weeks before the cold, otherwise the plant will freeze. A transplant in the fall helps to fully prepare the garden for the next year.

The timing of transplantation is also affected by the selected variety: for example, winter-resistant varieties can be planted immediately after melting snow.

No less important is the locality: the terms of transplantation described above are applicable for the Moscow region and the Middle belt. In Siberia and the Urals, it is worthwhile to do the autumn transplant a little earlier, when there is about a month left before frost, it is also necessary to stop on specially selected varieties.

Advantages and disadvantages of autumn landing

Plum transplantation in autumn has several advantages:

1. The opportunity not to lose a year, if the tree does not take root. If during the autumn transplant the plum can not take root or suffer, in the spring the bush can be replaced with a new one without spending a whole year.
2. No need to hurry in the spring. In the spring it is important to have time to plant a plum before the kidneys begin to appear, but the earth does not always have time to warm up, and you should not forget about the night frosts.
3. Autumn transplant can be combined with other agrotechnical works, without wasting time.
4. Plum will receive a double "portion" of fertilizers - in the fall during transplantation and in the spring.
5. Transplanting plum in the autumn, in the spring the bush starts to develop immediately, which will allow it to grow faster.

The shortcomings of autumn work can be attributedlack of ability to follow the plant. If in the spring the gardener appears regularly at the dacha and immediately pays attention to the problem, then in the winter the tree will have to wait until the thaw.

Also in some regions, winters are characterized by unpredictable nature (they may be too hot or, on the contrary, warm), which also affects the characteristics of transplantation and cultivation.

Choosing the time for transplant,It is important to focus on your own convenience and climate. For example, if the winter is not constant, and the seedlings often die due to temperature changes, it is worth setting them in the spring.

Basic landing rules

Before you begin the transplant, it is worth remembering a few important rules:

• Only young trees can be transplanted, no more than 2-3 years old. At an older age, the plant is already developing a huge root system, because of which the transplant will be difficult;
• when digging, it is important not to damage the roots, otherwise the bush will need an additional year to restore the system. It is best to perform a transplant without root cleansing;
• When transporting plants from one place to another, it is important to carefully handle the roots;
• When planting plums in the spring to prepare pits it is necessary from autumn, when autumn works - 2-3 weeks before they begin.

Step-by-step guide for planting in the open ground, cultivation and care

Successful transplantation depends on several factors, we have prepared for you a step-by-step guide on planting and care of a garden plum seedlings.

Preparation of seedlings: it occurs in three stages. First you need to water the bush abundantly so that it is easier to dig. To do this, pour 4-5 buckets of plain water onto the roots of the plum.

Then you need to dig a tree in a circle at a distance of 70 cm from the trunk, dig a cone-shaped piece with roots and gently pull the plant, trying not to damage the roots.

If the tree needs to be transported, its roots should be wrapped in a bag or a film, fastened with a rope.

Select a location: the plum likes a sunny warm place with protection from the wind, without excess water and without stagnation of thawed waters. The plant is best suited for moderately moist and fertile soils, clayey soil does not suit it.

Near the bush, other large crops should not grow, otherwise they will pull all the nutrients from the plum and create a shadow.

Landing in open ground: the first thing to do is to prepare the soil in advance. When an autumn transplant is done in 2-3 weeks, that is, in the beginning of autumn.

It is necessary to excavate the pits 70cm * 70cm * 70cm at a distance from each other. Then pour a layer of drainage (broken brick or stone) - this will help to remove stagnant moisture.

After you need to pour a layer of compost and cover it with a thin layer of earth - this will protect the roots from the excessively strong effect of fertilizers. The remaining soil is mixed in equal proportions with humus, add 300 grams of wood ash and fall asleep in the pit.

When planting in the ground, dig a hole and gently transfer the bush there, straightening the roots. Then the seedling is watered abundantly, and the land is mulched.

When planting, make sure that the root neck is above the ground level by 3-5 cm.

Aftercare: the first 2-3 years, the main care for the plum will be its growth and the formation of the crown.

To do this, it is necessary to regularly care for, remove the lower branches, shorten unnecessarily long and thicken the crown. It is important to do this, while the branches are young, then the pruning will be painless.

Plum requires regular watering(about 5 buckets of water under each tree), loosening the soil and removing weeds. When the crop is abundant, it is necessary to secure the branches with supports so that they do not break.

In the springas a complementary meal you can use a solution of bird droppings or cowsheds, nitrogen fertilizers will also suit.In the autumnIt is worth to add superphosphate or potassium sulfate - 100 grams for each sink.

Proper preparation for winter

Preparation for winter should begina few weeks before the onset of cold weather. For each sink you need to make fertilizers: per square meter of land you need a bucket of humus, 200-300 grams of ash and 30 grams of superphosphate or potassium sulfate.

Fertilizers should be slightly digged, loosened the ground, and abundantly watered.

Then you need toexamine the crown and trunk, removing all pests. Spoiled leaves and branches are cut and burned away from trees, the spoiled bark is scraped off with a scraper and a metal brush.

In the process of work you need to be careful not to touch healthy areas.

After a fall leaf to protect against insectsthe trunk is whitened with a special solutionfrom the store or a mixture of equal parts of lime, clay and cowshed. You can also add copper sulfate - 30 grams per liter of whitewash.

Before the very froststhe trunk is warmed with sackcloth or straw. If the winter promises to be cold, you can use slate or roofing material. If the bushes are still small, you can cover them from above with a bag or spruce lapnikom, make a "hut" of boards.

Any "shelter" should be carefully fixed so that the wind does not blow it away.The soil under the tree hillsand spread with manure.

Is it possible and how to replant the plum in the fall?

WhereinThe draining is extremely sensitive to any woundsand because of this it will take longer to get accustomed to a new place.

When transporting, you need to monitor the branches and roots: the first can be carefully tied with a rope, the second - wrapped in a bag. Otherwise, the transplant is performed according to the method described above.

At first glance, the plum may seem rather capricious and difficult to maintain, however this is not true.Careful and gentle care is mainly required by young seedlings, which are just beginning to grow.

In a few years alreadyThe resulting tree will require a minimum of effort- watering, feeding and warming for the winter.