How to determine the phase, zero and earth

Modern screwdriver indicators will relieve the headache of a person trying to understand how to determine the phase, zero, earth. Seen difficulty, tell below. For testing, a signal generated by a screwdriver is used. Clearly, there are batteries inside. An old Soviet indicator screwdriver based on a single gas-discharge bulb is unusable. Allows you to accurately determine the phase. Therefore, another circuit is zero or ground.

Correctly determine the phase of the

Three-core wires

Let's begin with terms. Words zero is Russian deprived. But it was used by everyday life due to easy pronunciation. Zero - distorted zero, dating back to the Latin language. The programmer knows: by the term NULL it is customary to mean empty, undefined variables( devoid of type).Sometimes the type of data is convenient for compiling algorithms( when transferring the values ​​of a function).

Now try to find the phase. A typical indicator screwdriver is formed by a steel probe, followed by a high-resistance( for example, carbon), which limits the current, and the light source is a small-sized gas discharge lamp. Little things, but ignorant of the term contact button, to determine zero powerless. At the end of the handle-screwdriver indicator metal platform. This is a contact button that you bother to touch with your finger. Otherwise the bulb will refuse to glow when it touches the phase.

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Explain what is happening. The human body is endowed with capacity. Not so great, enough to miss a meager current. The phase begins to oscillate, the electrons go to the network and back. It creates a small current. The size is strongly limited by a resistor; it is not easy to kill yourself by holding the contact pad of the indicator screwdriver, the other by the water supply pipe. It is impossible to detect the ground directly with a tool.

Phase detection is fundamental, the voltage should not go to the chandelier cartridge when the switch is turned off. Otherwise, the usual process of replacing the bulb can be dangerous, the last. According to the standards, the phase of the outlet on the left. If the switches are, as is customary( turned on by pressing up), the methods for determining the phase degenerate by the ability to find the left hand, to understand where the bottom is:

  1. The phase occupies the left socket in the socket. Accordingly, the right is considered zero. The wire remains, the yellow-green insulation is ground( otherwise, the back-up 220-volt power wire).

    Wrong position of the zero and phase of the euro sockets

  2. In the double switch input, output contacts are spaced on different sides. Some are at the bottom, others are at the top. Side, where a single contact, will become a phase. The other two, respectively, - the neutral wire( working plus protective).It is implied that the electrical layout of the apartment is done correctly, in old houses part of the layout is correct, the other is done the other way around.
  3. For a single switch, it is not so easy to determine the phase, the contacts are on the same side( although if there is an exception, zero is at the bottom, if the conditions mentioned above are met).Allowed to simply ring the tester cartridge. Immediately we say, this is a violation of safety, and the device may break. Therefore, we cannot recommend the regular method. Try to measure the alternating voltage: 230 volts will be only between two points: the phase of the switch and the zero of the cartridge.

Determining the position of the phase by the color of the insulation of the cores of the wire

. The zero working wire is provided with blue insulation, the ground is yellow-green. Accordingly, the phase has a red( brown) color. The rule can be roughly violated. The houses of the old buildings were often equipped with two wires. The insulation color is white in each case. Separate devices, like light or motion sensors, have a different layout. For example, the zero wire is black. Here get ready to watch the manual, layouts countless.

Find the zero wire in the apartment

According to the rules, the housing access shield is grounded. It is carried out with the help of solid dimensions of the terminal, tightened with a powerful bolt in the houses of the old building, it is easier for the residents of modern buildings to be guided by the number of lived. The zero bus has the largest number of connections, the phases are divorced into apartments( good electricians hang stickers A, B, C; evil ones don't hang them).It is easy to follow the layout of protection machines, counters.

Plug 230 volt UK

In each case, the common wire will be zero. Color does not play a decisive role. Although by the standards of modern cables are equipped with decorated insulation. Please note - if the house is equipped with grounding, the input has a minimum of 5. The body of the guard is planted on yellow-green. The zero wire will serve to divert the operating current from the devices( closes the circuit).Consolidation of branches on the consumer side is prohibited. Here are the three rules that help to understand the drive plate( note, according to the rules, the tenant should not show his nose at all - warned):

  • The automatic machine for protection breaks the phase. There are bipolar models, are used relatively rarely for rooms with special danger( bathroom).Therefore, the position of the wire will be able to say: this is the phase. Then it is necessary to cut down the machine, a vein to ring on the side of the apartment. Definitely give the position of the phase.
  • The voltage between the neutral wire, any phase is 230 volts. According to the key feature, select the core, on the other gives the specified difference. The variation between phases is 400 volts. The values ​​are 10 percent higher; Russian networks are trying to meet European standards.
  • Measuring the values ​​on the conductors with current tongs. For each phase, a value will appear, the sum of which( in three) should flow back into the network at the zero( or appropriate phase).Grounding is rarely used, the current here is close to zero with a uniform load of branches. The place where the value is the most is traditionally the zero conductor.
  • Earthing terminal of distribution box in sight. Sign helps to find the neutral wire in homes with NT-C-S.In other cases, grounding is applied here.

Additional information on finding the earth, phase, neutral wire

We remind you that there were cases when there was no indicator screwdriver at hand, but there were current clamps, a multimeter. Then, before entering the apartment, earth, phase, neutral wire is detected, the home network is called. There are three cores, the technique lies on the surface: between the phase and the other wire the potential difference will be 230 volts. Pay attention, the technique is unsuitable in other cases. For example, the voltage difference between two identical phase conductors is a round zero. The tester is difficult to measure and determine.

Add another way - the industry is prohibited. Bulb in the cartridge with two bare wires. With the help of a tool, a phase is found, it is possible to close the core to ground. It is impossible to use water, gas, sewer pipes, other engineering structures. According to the rules, the braid of the cable antenna is equipped with a zeroing( grounding).Regarding it, it is permissible by the tester( prohibited by the standards of a light bulb in a cartridge) to find a phase.

For determined people, we will recommend fire escapes, steel tires for lightning rods. It is necessary to strip the metal to shine, to call on the phase phase. Please note that not all fire escapes are grounded( although they must be), the lightning rods are 100% tires. If you find such blatant arbitrariness, contact the governing organizations, in the absence of a response - inform the state authorities. Indicate the violation of the rules of the protective zeroing of buildings.

Modern screwdrivers, indicators of phase detection, neutral wire, earth

When it is impossible to understand what color of wire, it is useful to use a screwdriver indicator. The gimmick's instruction on batteries says: it will be possible to find the ground with a probe. We hurry to disappoint readers - any long conductor is defined falsely. Torn phase in the area of ​​traffic jams, zero wire, real earth - the answer is one. Not every indicator screwdriver can perform functions equally efficiently. The meaning of the operation is as follows:

Screwdriver-indicator

  • The active screwdriver-indicator can detect a long conductor by emitting a signal there, catching the response.
  • In practice, with poor contact quality, the wave attenuates quickly. A screwdriver indicator shows the presence of earth on the open phase plug.
  • To determine the land there is a condition - you need to touch the contact pad with your finger. This is the difference between active and passive indicator screwdrivers. In the first one, it is possible by this principle to find the phase, in the second one, the correct definition occurs if there is no contact with this area.

A modern indicator screwdriver at a distance allows you to judge whether current flows through the wire. There is a special remote mode. Usually even two: high and low sensitivity. Allows you to weed out the unused portion of the wiring. Suppose there are known cases: the builders wound up two phases instead of one into the house, confusing them in places. Use wiring with great care.

It should be noted, in practice, to measure the resistance of the wiring, ringing is not easy. It is much easier to determine the presence of a phase. There is no danger of burning a Chinese tester( sometimes at times when trying to measure the resistance of a conductor under current).You should also know that low impedance circuits are determined with an error. For example, most testers do not give a zero when direct probes are closed. But if you fail to determine the ground with the help of an active indicator screwdriver, bad contacts easily. If the light is on when the traffic jams are off, with your finger pressed to the contact pad, time to think about buying a new automatic switch box, replace the twist with modern caps.

Often engaged in repairing we recommend a way out: marking of wires. It is better to paint the printer, the colors are about the same:

  1. Red - phase.
  2. Blue - neutral wire.
  3. Yellow - land.

Normally, a water-soluble paint is difficult to remove. The colors of electrical wires can be stamped with the colors of the printers. The above system is not alone, it is often found. On sale we will find black color. You can use as you please. The designation of the wires is performed once and for all. Wash off the labeling is easier with concentrated acetic acid, the substance will need to intend to clean the hands( not always just goes into practice).Finally - try not to slap the clothes.

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