8 tips on how to choose geotextiles: types, purpose and manufacturers

Contents

1. №1.Geotextile production technology and its properties
2. №2.Types of geotextiles: geofabric and geopolitno
3. № 3.The density of geotextiles and the scope of
4. №4.The choice of geotextiles for drainage
5. №5.Geotextiles for roads and sidewalks
6. №6.Geotextile in landscape design
7. №7.Geotextiles in private construction
8. №8.Major manufacturers of geotextiles

Today, road construction, airfields and buildings, as well as drainage and gardening works do not do without geotextiles. Initially, the material was used only to prevent mixing of different layers of substances - today geotextiles are also widely used for drainage and reinforcement. It is moisture resistant, durable, resistant to rotting and aggressive media material, which is now available in a wide range. Geotextiles differ mainly in strength, production technology and the type of material used for its production, which is why its properties and scope of application largely depend. How to choose a geotextile for drainage, landscaping or arrangement of tracks? What types of geotextiles exist, and which manufacturers offer really high-quality products? We deal with all the nuances of the correct purchase.

№1.Geotextile production technology and its properties

Geotextiles, one of the types of geosynthetics, are made from synthetic raw materials; often uses polyester and polypropylene yarns , other polymers and fiberglass. The method of producing geotextiles and, consequently, the basic qualities of the finished material and the scope of its application depends on the feedstock.

The most durable geotextile is obtained from polyester and polypropylene yarns. Also on sale you can find material from blended yarns, the production of which use waste textile industry. If cotton or wool threads were mixed in, then such material is not particularly suitable for drainage works, as it wears out quickly, and for garden and landscape works, it will do quite well. If the manufacturer used glass inclusions, then the strength of such geotextiles will be at its best.

According to the method of production, geotextiles are divided into the following types of :

• needle-punched .This material is called the most suitable for the organization of drainage. It passes water well due to elastic pores and can be used on almost any type of soil;
• thermofastened ( thermofixed).The material is characterized by high strength, durability, resistance to mold, but it passes the water mainly in the transverse direction. It can be used to organize drainage on stony soils and on soils with a high content of coarse sand. It is also used to strengthen the slopes, laying paving stones and weed control;
• splicing and stitching method is used for the production of geotextile, a subtype of geotextile. It is produced by interlacing synthetic fibers; as a result, a durable material is obtained, which is used mainly for reinforcement and reinforcement, but not for drainage.

№2.Types of geotextiles: geofabric and geo-fabric

Geotextiles are divided into two groups:

• geo-net;
• geofabric.

geofabric is made by the knitting and piercing method. The threads of different strengths( 1-3 mm thick) are interlaced at a right angle, which allows us to achieve strength and elasticity, but the final strength directly depends on the density of the fibers and the distance between them. The geofabric is flexible, tear-resistant( withstands up to 1000 kN / m2) and low in water permeability. It is used to reinforce and increase the carrying capacity of the soil in the construction of roads, airfields, solid waste landfills, as well as in the organization of steep slopes in civil engineering and landscape design.

Geoprotein is a non-woven material that is manufactured using needle-punching or thermal bonding from polyester, viscose, polyamide, polypropylene or other polymeric fibers. Such a material is characterized by low strength, but decent elasticity and water permeability, therefore, it is widely used geopolitically for the organization of drainage, filtration, and as a separator between different layers.

№3.Density of geotextiles and applications

Density is the most important parameter of geotextiles, which determines the degree of elasticity and permeability. Choose the density based on from the type of soil and the purpose of the work performed:

• 17.3 g / m2 - transmits water and light, is used to protect the seeds from birds by laying on the ground surface;
• 42.6 g / m2 - used in the arrangement of greenhouses and greenhouses. He, like the film, stretches onto the frame. Passes light and water;
• 60 g / m2 - can be used as a filter in the arrangement of the drainage system, but more often it is used in agriculture and summer cottage farming as a measure to control weeds. They cover the surface of the earth, make cuts for cultivated plants. Due to the fact that the material passes the moisture needed by the root system of the cultivated plant, but does not let in sunlight, weeds do not develop;
• 100 g / m2 - suitable for use in arranging ponds, flower beds, decorative slopes and for other landscape works;
• 150-200 g / m2 - used to separate layers in the construction of drainage systems, as well as in the construction of foundations, sidewalks, pools and other artificial reservoirs in the summer cottage;
• 250 g / m2 - suitable for the construction of roads and parking for passenger cars;
• 300 g / m2 - for roads and parking lots of trucks;
• from 350 g / m2 - for railways, busy highways, runways for small aircraft;
• from 400 g / m2 - for the construction of runways at international airports.

In private construction there is no point in using expensive dense material - geotextiles with a density of 200 g / m2 are called universal, which can also be used to organize the drainage system and carry out most of the landscape works. In the conditions of unstable soils, it is recommended to perform the drainage with geotextile completely 300 g / m2, and simple landscape works can be performed with a material with a density of 100 g / m2.

Geotextiles are available in rolls ranging in width from 2 to 5.2 m with material winding from 30 to 130 running meters. It should be chosen based on the scale of the work to be done so that as little waste as possible remains. Packed rolls in black plastic with UV protection - its integrity is extremely important.

№4.Selection of geotextiles for drainage

When a country house is located in a lowland, an area of ​​high groundwater or in close proximity to a natural reservoir, it is necessary to protect the area from the negative impact of a seasonal rise in the groundwater level. They can lead to soil leaching from under the foundation and the formation of voids, which can have catastrophic consequences. In addition, an increased level of soil moisture can damage some fruit trees and ornamental shrubs. To prevent such an outcome, it is necessary to arrange the drainage system, in which geotextile plays a crucial role.

The drainage system consists of pipes and an accumulation well. Drainage pipes are placed in a layer of gravel, which can gradually be silted with soil and sink into the soil. To prevent this from happening, you need geotextiles, which in this case, plays the role of a filter and ensures the stability of the entire system. The principle of arrangement of drainage is to create a trench, filling it with a layer of gravel about 15-20 cm and laying geotextiles on it. After that, another layer of gravel with a thickness of about 20-25 cm is poured, with drainage pipes in it. The remains of geotextiles are overwhelmed with each other, and the trench is filled with previously excavated soil.

Experts recommend getting geotextiles out of the packaging only before direct use and asleep as soon as possible after installation, since the ultraviolet rays on the material act destructively. Lay the material loosely, without tension and folds, overlapping cloths 30-60 cm.

Regarding which geotextile for drainage is better, is needle-punched or thermally bonded , experts hold diametrically opposite opinions. Needle piercing fans say that glued geotextiles do not have sufficient capacity and can only be used on rocky soils. Other experts recommend thermo-glued, recalling the fact that it is usually used for drainage in private construction in Europe, and that it does not clog so quickly with soil. In domestic conditions, needle-punched geotextiles are most often used for these purposes.

To ensure quality drainage and durability of the entire system, the material should be:

• with a density of 100-250 g / m2;
• withstand a tensile load of 100-600 kN / m2;
• have a filtration coefficient of 50 m3 / day.

№5.Geotextiles for roads and sidewalks

When building roads and sidewalks, geotextiles are used as reinforcing and separating layers .It prevents silting of the bulk layer, ensures uniform distribution of the load, does not allow the formation of dips during the passage of heavy equipment. If you do not use geotextiles in the construction of the road, then under the influence of groundwater and rain flows, the canvas will quickly squeeze under trucks. Moreover, geotextiles make it possible to lay highways in areas with weakly bearing and soft ground, which is especially important given the large length of roads. In areas where there is a great danger of mudflows, it makes sense to use a geogrid layer, which has more pronounced reinforcing properties, instead of geotextiles.

Irreplaceable geotextiles for walkways arrangement, in particular, tiled or paving. Without a layer of geopolotn the ground under the tile will gradually be washed out and subside under the influence of rain flows, and the durability of the coating is unlikely to exceed 8-10 years - the use of geotextiles allows to solve this problem. It is necessary to remove the soil layer under the paving slabs, tamp the bottom well, cover it with a layer of crushed stone 5-7 cm, and then lay the geotextile over which the pit sand is poured - the foundation for laying the tile. Geo-web serves as both a drainage and a layer separator. Under the pedestrian sidewalk roads choose a material density of 150-200 g / m2.

№6.Geotextiles in landscape design

Geotextiles found great distribution in garden landscape works and are used for such purposes:

• in arranging artificial water bodies for strengthening walls, protecting slopes from water erosion, and as a protection for waterproofing layer from damage. In this case, it is better to take a heat seal material with a density of 250-400 g / m2;
• for growing varieties of plants and trees , which can not grow on the site due to the fact that the soil is too alkaline or clay. In this case, in the place of planting, a layer of soil is removed to the depth of the future root system, geotextiles are laid down and covered with soil that is suitable for growing the desired plant variety. Geopolitically will play the role of a barrier;
• , when arranging tracks made from wood chips, sand, gravel or grass, geotextiles with a density of 150-300 g / m2 will perform barrier and drainage functions, preventing the layers from mixing and sinking the loose path after the rain;
• to protect planted seeds from birds .So the material is just covered with soil, it is important to take geotextiles with minimum density so that it passes the sun and moisture;
• for the construction of greenhouses and greenhouses.

№7.Geotextiles in private construction

In private country construction, as in large-scale housing, it is already difficult to do without geotextiles. It is used:

• in arranging the foundation of to give it greater strength, protect against negative factors, to evenly distribute the load on the soil and prevent soil deformation. The density is chosen from 150 to 400 g / m2, and a more accurate value depends on the type of soil, foundation and house. For example, for a pile-and-screw foundation, a material of minimum density is needed, and for shallow-recessed and others, the material is already denser;
• for flat roofs of the inversion type , which are distinguished by the ability to break a lawn or a recreation area there. The construction of such a roof is based on concrete slabs or a monolith, a layer of bitumen waterproofing, drainage for removing excess moisture, a layer of insulation, on top of which geotextiles are mounted. On top of it, a sand-cement pad is made under the paving slab or a layer of fertile soil is poured to grow the lawn;
• when laying underground communications geotextiles are used to protect the heat and waterproofing layer of pipes from clogging with sand and soil;
• with the arrangement of children's and sports fields , sandboxes and other simple structures to ensure the free passage of water and as a separator layers.

No. 8.Major manufacturers of geotextiles

The choice of geotextiles on the Russian market is huge and it is represented by products by domestic and foreign manufacturers .To choose a geotextile of good quality, it is better to pay attention to the products of companies with a name, which in itself is a guarantee of quality. You can trust the products of the following manufacturers of geotextiles:

• Polymerholding Group of Companies is a domestic manufacturer that manufactures geotextiles under the brand name Dornit .Its products are so popular that the brand name has become a household name for all geotextiles. The company produces woven and non-woven geotextiles of various densities;
• LLC “NOMATEKS” is a domestic company that produces needle-punched geotextile with a density of 800 g / m2 and a roll width of up to 5 m;
• Geotex Group LLC , another large domestic enterprise specializing in the production of geosynthetic materials for road construction, also produces geotextiles for private construction, water reservoir construction, drainage systems, and construction of sports fields;
• Avantex LLC produces needle-punched geotextiles from primary and secondary raw materials, uses mainly polyester and polypropylene, density from 100 to 600 g / m2, roll width from 1 to 6.3 m;
• DuPont is a large American chemical company, which in particular produces geotextiles under the brand name Typar. The material is of the highest quality and durability, is in demand in the domestic market. It produces non-woven geotextiles, and under the brand Typar SF they produce innovative geotextiles, which have amazing homogeneity;
• NETEX A is a Czech producer of needle-punched geotextile, prices are average, quality is at a high level, products are represented in a wide range of density.

addition, fared domestic products of OJSC « Monte »( non-woven geotextile), the Austrian Polifelt , international concern « FroydenbergPoliteks » and British manufacturer Terram .When buying, be sure to carefully study the packaging, where all product specifications are indicated, and do not forget to think in advance about the method of transportation: small rolls can be taken away on a passenger car, but rolls with a width of 4.3 m or so will be more problematic to deliver.