Intelligent electronics home destination characterized by devices, known as "motion sensors". A new kind of switching devices for light sources, able to show greater functionality compared to conventional designs.
For example, connecting the motion sensor for the light switch or without increases the comfort of use of lighting and helps save energy. What kind of devices - motion sensors? We offer to sort out first.
In this article we examined the principle of operation of various motion sensors, identified features of their application, and brought practical advice on choosing the wiring diagram, the implementation of the installation and commissioning instrument.
The content of the article:
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The technical definition of the movement of intelligence
- Separation motion sensors into groups
- The operating principle of infrared instruments
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How to connect a lighting circuit
- Recommendations for choosing a mounting scheme
- Installing motion sensor with switch
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
The technical definition of the movement of intelligence
Automation stably and successively covers domestic sphere. Manual control of virtually any kind of home appliances confident minimized. The appearance of motion detectors - another confirmation.
These devices (usually in miniature design) designed and manufactured by different companies in various structural performance. However, operation of all existing versions have a common basis - the effect of radiation of different types of waves.
Electronics, endowed with intellectual ability. These devices are available function of recognition of heat rays emitted by the human body. In response to the heat flows, devices perform certain actions
At the moment, are widely used the following technologies:
- speaker;
- optical;
- radiowave.
Based on the practice of a particular technology for the production of a particular type of system, resulting in the production designs are of different types.
Acoustic embodiment of a device designed to control displacement. Executive mechanics are not triggered by a signal of heat rays, but from the sound wave signal
In particular, the extensive application in various fields of activity are traffic controllers:
- ultrasound;
- microwave;
- photovoltaics;
- infrared;
- tomography.
In addition, it is necessary to note one more remarkable detail a structural sense.
Separation motion sensors into groups
All existing traffic control devices conventionally divided into three groups:
- active devices;
- passive devices;
- Combined device.
They differ one from the other technological features.
Active devices - structures typically made by Reception circuit devices, which operation signal is emitted and perceived reflected from objects.
Another execution control device and enable / disable of peripheral equipment. This design operates on the principle of radiation and radio waves of perception. This so-called motion detector with a radio channel
Design a passive type usually work under the scheme receiving the signal waves from the outside world. That is, there is only reception equipment.
combined detectorsRespectively made in view of two embodiments selected.
The lion's share of the total available range accounted for infrared sensors, which in terms of design features are classified as passive devices. This is the most affordable and economically viable equipment for home use.
The operating principle of infrared instruments
Analysis of thermal radiation - is the basis of action of this type of instrumentation designed to control the movement of people. For this purpose, the device structure embedded highly sensitive sensor.
Widespread construction of infrared: 1 - a cover of the housing; 2 - multi-element lens system; 3 - limiter coverage area; 4 - electronics on the touch screen; 5 - a power unit and a base (+)
The element responds to thermal background radiation (person) sends a signal to the electronic comparison circuit, which defines the moment of operation. The sensitivity of the sensor is enhanced due to the specific lens mounted in the path of thermal waves.
Design modern motion sensors are endowed with multi-element lens systems. This solution makes it possible to cover large areas controlled by sensors. For example, installed at a height of 4 m from the floor level one infrared sensor is capable of controlling the movement in the area of 20-25 m2.
The simplest action infrared system design. Inexpensive to purchase, easy to install, easy to configure the device. To set up using three variable resistors
Every single unit is equipped with an electronic tuning module. With special knobs (variable resistors or the like) set the sensitivity level and duration. Setting the sensitivity level is determined device performance in various illumination conditions.
A time setting system sets the reset time boundaries active action (devices return to the tracking mode). This limit may be from 1 second to 60 minutes.
Tuning infrared sensor module that enables the flexible adjustment: 1 - sensitivity adjustment on the movement of objects; 2 - setting duty time; 3 - Regulation of the brightness of the light unit lamps
There is also a motion sensors to the embodiment wherein the function is supported by the regulation of the brightness of light bulbs. These devices can be configured to smooth the luminance change just after the circuit include illumination with some delay.
How to connect a lighting circuit
For the motion sensor with automatic lighting control devices feature characteristic ceiling installation. The units are designed to mount on the circuit surface mounting. However, at least part of the motion control devices are mounted on the walls.
Motion sensor wall mounting. This type of instrument does not provide coverage of the control areas, which provide ceiling structures, but used the wall unit also actively
Traditional installation site - a small area of the room: residential apartments, offices, auxiliary facilities.
It should be stressed that connection of motion sensors is possible not only to light switching devices. The same device is easy to switch from one mode to the other ventilation systems, heating and others.
Connecting devices is allowed in normal environment. Devices can be used only within a lockable room. Meanwhile, the protection of these devices complies with class EN 60669-2-1.
Recommendations for choosing a mounting scheme
The optimum height setting of motion control devices is considered to 2.5 m. If this condition is observed, the radius of zone sensitivity is not less than 3.5 m. Most of the city and private residential buildings have rooms with just a height.
Standard parameters control what have infrared devices. Experimentally obtained in experiments involving different execution devices (+)
Installation work must be performed by persons having the skills to work with electrical (electronic) equipment. Production of all assembly operations is permissible only when de-energized power lines on site.
Schematics for installation may be different depending on user needs. Frequently used wiring diagram lighting via motion sensor, involved in a pair with a conventional switch.
Wiring consisting of the electric network, when the normal switch is installed with the motion sensor (+)
Consider this option step by step installation.
Installing motion sensor with switch
The first step User is usually a choice of a way eyeliner feeder cable the body of the motion sensor. The sensor body must first be opened. Easy to disassemble the cabinet. We need a slotted screwdriver to pry the base edge of the slug at the latch position.
Two variants are permissible supply cable:
- rear entry - is generally used to flush end is withdrawn through the hole in the ceiling;
- summing lateral side - is used for external cabling.
In any case, it is necessary to remove the temporary plug having an input aperture.
Before installation prepare fasteners inspect sensor, and after - neatly open the casing
The second step - Connect the cable conductors to its destination. Destination - terminal point marked on the fixture appropriate symbols (L, N, L1). Depending on the device manufacturer and the device tag configuration may vary.
step three It involves the installation of a motion sensor - directly mounting the device to the ceiling. Under the fasteners on the instrument base body has openings. Through these holes is fastened to.
If the concrete ceiling, pre-point fasteners should be marked, drilled, to provide dowels. After completing the attachment to the ceiling, is tacked to the base unit and cover the entire structure is wiped with a soft cloth.
For suspended ceiling structure using embedded motion sensors. For mounting the housing provided for the clamping plates (+)
step Four - setting device, the essence of which consists in setting the required values for service potentiometers.
The classic version of the product is usually accompanied by three service potentiometers:
- delay time (Time);
- brightness (Lux);
- sensitivity (Meter).
The first potentiometer can be set to the desired tripping delay parameters (that is, after the light comes on, it will turn off only after a specified time).
Second predetermined illumination mode (minimum value for inclusion in the dark). Three potentiometer set the degree of sensitivity to movement. Usually the sensitivity initially put at minimum.
Embodiments of having adjusting elements according to the modification devices. The upper half - are used in simple devices with switched one group of external devices. The lower half - design complexity; switched two groups of external devices (+)
fifth step installation - Testing of the motion sensor. To perform this task, you should use the corresponding function (Test), which is enabled by setting potentiometer (Time) in the test position (Test). Adjust potentiometer to that point, the system is connected to the mains voltage.
After supplying a current into the line should wait at least 1 minute. This time is required to initialize the device, its entry into operation. Test devices can be performed without connection of lighting devices. enable or disable the control indicated by a LED connected on the front panel.
Alternately rotating the dimmer and sensitivity of the sensor is selected desired mode of operation. Separately expose lighting time delay (+)
In test mode, the sensor need to enable movement within the boundaries of sensitive areas. If the sensor motion is detected, the control LED on the front panel should be lit for a short time (2-3 sec.). Turning the sensitivity potentiometer (Meter), customize the desired level.
Similarly, with little or correction is carried out installation and configuration of any other devices of this class (infrared). Some differences can be observed usually at the instruments, designed for connection of multiple load channels.
As part of such structures may establish additional controls and increase the number of terminals for connection.
On our site there is a collection of articles devoted to the selection, installation and use for lighting motion sensors. We advise to read:
- Lamps with movement detector: how they work, how to connect the + top of the best producers
- How to connect a motion sensor to the lamp: step by step guide
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
This small video guide demonstrates clearly how the connections are carried out the operation for some modifications to the instrument. It makes sense to look to improve practices.
Panoramic video on the use of microwave sensors. These modern modifications observed a high level of "instinct" and reliable operation as part of smart home systems.
Concluding the review, add information on the technical requirements for such devices as motion sensors.
Thus, current carrying capacity devices typically does not exceed 1 kW, and the maximum power switching current is less than 10A. The units are designed to work in alternating current with a frequency of 50-60 Hz at nominal voltage of 230 V.
On these basic parameters need to remember before you connect the sensors to address specific problems.
Enter your experience with readers connection and use of motion sensors. Please leave comments, ask questions on the subject of the article and participate in the discussions - the feedback form located below.
