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Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov, an agronomist by training and popularizer of practical farming knowledge, has many followers. Their land plots, equipped according to his method, they call it so-Kurdumov's garden. What is the secret of the success of gardening technology Nikolai Ivanovich. Our country portal will try to answer all these questions!
About the author of
Nikolay Ivanovich Kurdyumov was born in Adler, in 1960.In 1982 he graduated from the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev specialty "Agronomy".After theoretical training at the academy, Nikolai Ivanovich tested all his knowledge for many years in practice, using the experience of such scientists as Ovsinsky, Dokuchaev, Timiryazev, Fukuoka and others. Kurdyumov speaks of himself as an adherent of organic, natural farming. For outstanding achievements in viticulture Kurdyumov was awarded the gold medal of the Third International Exhibition "Golden bunch of grapes".
The agronomist scientist regularly publishes his works in reprinted books. The most famous of them are:
- "Smart Garden";
- "Smart Garden";
- "Smart Vineyard";
- "Smart Greenhouse";
- "Fertility Mastery";
- "Protection instead of fight" and others.
The great merit of Nikolai Ivanovich is that he adds invaluable bits of popular experience to a good theoretical base and world farming experience.
Four conditions of fertility
The main components of his success Kurdyumov considers four conditions of fertility:
- maintaining a stable level of optimal humidity;
- maintaining good breathability;
- warning overheating of the soil in the summer;
- maintaining high levels of carbonic acid in the soil.
Consider each of the conditions in more detail.
Optimum and stable humidity
The productive activity of microorganisms in the soil is possible only with normal humidity. In too dry ground, the bacteria are oppressed, and in it the decomposition of organic matter practically stops. In the waterlogged instead of decomposition, harmful putrefactive processes begin.
Soil air permeability
Plants do not grow on too compacted soil. If you dig, it does not show worms and insects that process organic matter in the humus.
All processes in the soil occur due to oxygen - nitrification of nitrogen, dissolution of phosphorus and potassium by acids. In a structured land rich in soil tubules, much more moisture enters than in compacted. This process can be observed in the forest. In it, even after long rains, there are almost no large numbers of small pools. All moisture is absorbed deep into the ground.
In summer, the soil should not overheat
And ideally it should be colder than air, then internal dew will form on the walls of the soil tubules that regulate humidity. Sharp jumps in day and night temperatures adversely affect plant growth and development.
A large amount of carbonic acid
The following biological chain can be traced here: the soil with a high content of undecomposed organic matter attracts a lot of insects and worms, which decompose organic matter into minerals( nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) and emit carbon dioxide. The latter, combining with water in the presence of oxygen in the soil, forms carbonic acid capable of converting mineral substances into forms that are digestible for plants. Thus, humus is accumulated - a fertile layer of the earth.
How to ensure that all the listed conditions are met?
Nikolay Ivanovich is sure that this is easily achieved by performing the following agronomic techniques:
- using flat-cutters and pollenik instead of digging;
- mulching of the surface of the earth in the beds and aisles;
- sowing green manure;
- device drip irrigation systems;
- composting of all organic residues;
- arrangement of high fenced beds.
Kurdyumov describes in detail how to properly conduct these techniques.
How to do without digging
Digging the garden is a hard work, discouraging most people from the desire to engage in agriculture. In addition, we consider it necessary to dig twice a year - spring and autumn. As a result of digging in the soil, all natural openings, peculiar "pores" of the earth, are broken. After this procedure, the earth remains loose for a short time - after the first rains, it is compacted and crusted. The vital activity of microorganisms and worms in such conditions is sharply reduced, therefore, its fertility decreases.
The garden gardening system according to Kurdyumov involves the replacement of a tedious and harmful digging with the use of a flat-cutter. It does not violate the structure of the soil, is easy to use, remarkably cuts weed roots and slightly loosens the upper layer.
There are a lot of tools of this kind:
- Fokin's famous flat cutter( small and large);
- a variety of pololniki, or flat-cutter-loop;
- manual cultivators, similar to various shapes of flat cutters with a wheel, facilitating the work.
For a quick and efficient treatment of a large area from weeds, gardeners make home-made tools, welding flat-cutter or a pololnik to a frame with a wheel from a wheelbarrow, a children's bicycle or stroller.
The benefits of mulching
Mulch is any material lying on the surface of the soil and tarnishing it from the sun. To create a mulch layer, use:
- newspapers,
- sawdust,
- mowed grass,
- shredded bark,
- vegetable peels,
- semi-overgrown compost or manure.
A thick layer of mulch solves several problems for the gardener:
- significantly weakens the growth of weeds;
- prevents soil overheating;
- helps retain soil moisture;
- decomposing, gives food to microorganisms, increasing fertility.
The most useful mulch Kurdyumov considers the one with a lot of carbon - splinters, tree branches, foliage.
It is desirable to grind large particles with a special tool - a garden shredder. It creates an optimal fraction - the mulch does not crack and does not dry out.
Sowing the siderades
Kurdyumov repeatedly noticed that the bare earth, devoid of vegetative "blankets", quickly loses its structure and fertile layer. In nature, bare land does not exist, it is quickly covered with vegetation. Nikolai Ivanovich suggests doing the same thing: after harvesting an early harvest, sow fast-growing crops and prune, not waiting for flowering and the formation of seeds. Thus, three problems are solved:
- land is always covered with vegetation;
- cropped siderats enrich the soil with organic matter;
- siderates are used as mulch.
For growing soil, use fast-growing cereals and herbs. Of them are popular:
- winter rye;
- mustard;
- oil radish;
- Vika;
- pea;
- lupine annual;
- alfalfa and others.
Before sowing green manure it is necessary to consider some subtleties.
For example, after harvesting cruciferous crops, one cannot sow radish and mustard, as they also belong to the cruciferous family. Even with green manure crops, it is advisable to use a crop rotation — not sowing the crops of one family for more than one year on the same bed.
They sow siderats thickly so that they stand by a wall and cover the whole earth. By the winter they are sown a little less.
Lawn is also considered as a permanent siderat, appropriate everywhere, except for mulch beds and pristvolny circles of very young plants.
Why drip irrigation is needed
Drip irrigation differs from the usual in that it does not erode the top layer of the earth, after which it becomes crusted. Frequent small drops from a special hose with holes go deep into the soil directly to the roots, and the surface remains loose. The drip irrigation system is bought in specialized stores or made independently. They look something like the photo below:
The water heated in the tank comes under a small pressure through the pipes to the beds, where hoses with holes are laid. By the method of sampling it is easy to determine at what time to open the valve, so that the plants receive a sufficient amount of moisture. If necessary, add liquid fertilizer to the barrel - fermented infusion of weeds, which are pre-filtered so that the holes do not clog. Thus, growing vegetables on the advice of Kurdyumov, the gardener is spared from having to carry heavy buckets and watering cans.
Composting
Kurdyumov advises to crush all organic waste and use them instead of mulch in the beds. But it is desirable to first compost fresh manure or the contents of the dry closets so that the level of nitrates does not increase sharply in the soil. When constructing a composting device, the following points should be taken into account: Build a mesh material with
- walls so that air exchange is not disturbed and rotting processes do not begin instead of overheating;
- cover the compost with a lid to regulate the humidity of the compost;
- regularly mix the contents with a pitchfork so that the upper layer does not dry out, and the lower ones get enough air;
- to accelerate the decomposition of compost, use drugs "Baikal" and "Shine";
- ash additive makes the compost more balanced in the content of nutrients.
It is desirable to use such a fertilizer in the beds in Kurdyumov a year later, so that all weed seeds should open and perepeli in it.
Gardening Lessons by Kurdyumov - video
High warm beds
According to Kurdyumov, stationary beds-boxes are much more convenient than ordinary flat ridges. There are several reasons for this:
- The fertile layer of soil that forms when overheating of mulch and organic residues does not disintegrate into tracks.
- On a permanent bed it is more convenient to equip drip irrigation, it will not have to be moved from place to place every year.
- On stationary beds it is more convenient to monitor compliance with crop rotation. To do this, every landing is recorded in a separate notebook each year, and the numbers are numbered.
- When arranging warm beds, bumpers will not allow layers to fall apart.
The beds in Kurdyumov are made in the following sequence:
- knock down the box of the desired size from any suitable material - boards, slate, profiled sheet residues;
- mark the place for gardening and remove the layer of earth by 30–40 cm;
- to lay out the bottom of the future bed with cardboard so that perennial weeds do not break through;
- pour a layer of drainage from crushed branches, chips, bark, leaves, reeds, flavored with ashes and drizzled with fermented herbal infusion;
- to lay down semi-matured material - compost, forest clear bedding;
- to finish the formation of a layer of finished compost.
A warm garden bed arranged this way will provide cultures with all the necessary elements for several years. After a few years, the beds are formed anew.
In conclusion, Nikolai Ivanovich gives the last piece of advice:
Each region of Russia has its own climate and weather conditions. Therefore, do not use all the tips mindlessly - some of them may not be suitable for your conditions. Watch your garden carefully and change your farming techniques so that the plants feel great. That's when you get a real garden in Kurdyumov.
