Pumping stations for wells: how to choose, especially wiring and installation

The automated process of water supply wells in the house, the garden and the garden will help to minimize the time planned on chores around the house. The "heart" of water supply systems are well pumping station - the device for pumping the water from the source to the taps.

For their trouble-free operation it is necessary to know the nuances of the installation and connection of pumping equipment.

How does the pumping station?

The comfort level in the home country to a large extent determined by the presence of professionally-established water system, the main component of which the pump station.

The structure of the devices involved in the organization of the water supply, it is necessary to know in any case. Handy if you navigate yourself plumbing or charge the installation work to professionals.

Knowing the principle of the individual elements of the system, in the event of an accident or in case of failure of one of the devices, you will be able to, and most importantly, to quickly repair or replace.

Thus, an important part of the water supply circuit with pumping station are the following:

• a device for water intake from the filter;
• check valve preventing the movement of water in the opposite direction;
• Suction pipe - a pipe leading to the pump;
• a pressure switch to adjust the water supply;
• gauge indicating the exact parameters;
• accumulator - automatic drive;
• motor.

Instead of the accumulator, a more modern and practical apparatus sometimes use a storage tank having a few drawbacks (low pressure strength, inconvenient installation, etc.).

The diagram illustrates one method of installing pressureless storage tank and hydrophore capable of regulating the pressure and water level in the system

Now, however, when a host of modern low-cost models with accumulator, self-assembly system of meaning with no storage tank in stores.

If you do decide to buy a water tank set, try to take into account the nuances of the following:

• Reserve capacity is set at the highest portion (e.g., an attic) to create the required pressure.
• The volume of the tank should be such that the remaining stocks for 2-3 days in case of failure of the pumping equipment (but not more than 250 liters, or perhaps the accumulation of sediment).
• Mounting base capacity is necessary to strengthen beams, plates, with additional floors.

Reserve tank, as the membrane equipment (accumulator) should be equipped with a filter. Furthermore, mandatory installation of a safety pipe to drain excess water. The hose connected to the nozzle is withdrawn into the drainage system or lowered in the container for storing irrigation water.

Standard pump station of an apparatus with the designation basic elements: a check valve, pressure switch, pressure gauge, flow conduit; red arrow points to the accumulator

The principle of operation of the pumping station is cyclical. As soon as the water level decreases, and the pump starts to pump water activated filling system. Upon reaching the required level of pressure triggered pressure switch and turns off the pump. relay settings must be put before the equipment - they depend on the volume of the tank and pump performance.

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Besides binding the surface component of the centrifugal pump is pumping station hydraulic reservoir that provides pressure stability in the system and protection from water hammer water reserve

For the automation of pumping water cycles station equipped with a pressure switch, start and stop the unit. Instead, the relay is now increasingly using automation unit, which in addition protects against overheating and dry running

Strictly prohibited the use of surface pumping systems without previous filling with water before the first start. It is not allowed to pump water to the temperature and the presence of mineral particles is greater than that specified by the manufacturer of equipment

To prevent water from freezing in the equipment before the onset of frost water is completely drained out of the station, as well as suction and pressure pipe. It prohibited the location of the unit in premises with the possibility of flooding

Required pump stations components

Pressure switch or automation unit

Compliance with the requirements for operation of the plant

Rules of conservation of the pumping station

The selection criteria for the well station

When buying a pump station should pay attention to the pump parameters and factors that characterize the water source (in our case - well), including its distance from the building.

For example, no harm will clarify the following quantities:

• The maximum depth of water intake. We are interested in the dynamic water level, that is the average of 1-2 days with constant use of water. If we take into account the static level, it is possible to make a mistake in the calculations.
• Nominal head unit. Conditional height of the water column, which is able to create the pumping equipment. Calculated from the equation by summing the magnitude of the suction, the length of horizontal pipe, the vertical lifting and losses on line transportation.
• The performance of the pumping station. For the calculations it is possible to take the average flow rate at all points of the draw-off (e.g., on a sink faucet - 0.15 m / s, shower or washing machine - 0.3 m / s). The total value should not be higher than the production rate of the well, otherwise the source will not deal with the delivery.
• The power supply voltage. In this household network 220 (except powerful stations with three-phase motors where voltage equals 380).
• Power consumption. The spread of the energy consumed stations impressive. On average, 500-2000 watts. Power directly from the choice of the type of circuit breaker depends.
• The volume of the accumulator tank. From 24 liters (for a family of 1-2 people) to 100 liters (six persons or more).

It is clear that without the knowledge of the technical nuances of the choice and purchase of the machine is best to consult with an expert, well versed in domestic pumping equipment.

Features pumping station indicated in the data sheet items, they should be compared to select the model with their own calculations

Pump selection depends on the depth of the borehole. For example, if the depth reaches 12-15 m, a device with built-in ejector 20 m - with an external ejector. Due to the increased absorption of looped water power lifting, but drops dramatically increases efficiency and power consumption.

Select a Destination

For the operation of pumping equipment to try to observe some of the conditions:

• minimum removal station from the water source;
• desired temperature range;
• possibility of reducing the noise level;
• convenient location for servicing.

Taking into account the above factors, the most suitable sites for installation of stations are caisson, cellar and boiler house, but every place has its pros and cons.

Called caisson construction, equipped in the ground. His suit directly over the exit hole of the mine, at the same time pull out the deep pit, which should be below the level of soil freezing. If the pump is set deep enough, it will not work all year round, as at the first frost will fail.

For manufacturing concrete caisson is used ring, masonry, monolithic concrete blocks, cubes metal. Entrance to the caisson is in the upper part of the structure and it is a manhole with a tight lid

Caisson requires additional insulation and waterproofing the upper part - the roof. In addition, the volume of the room should be enough to be able to make repairs if necessary. The advantage of installing the pump station directly into the hole that runs the machine will be away from the premises and not to cause discomfort, a loud noise.

A good option for setting the station is a cellar. It is farther from the hole than the caisson, but in the basement is easy to equip the place for installation. Given the threat of flooding, the unit is mounted on a small stable elevation.

The successful placement of embodiment of the pumping station in the basement: accommodations are at some distance, yield outwardly located approximately flush with the manifold leading from the wells

In the cellars of town houses often arrange utility rooms (laundry, pantry, cellar for canned food storage), so heating is provided in advance. If, however, the basement is not heated, you need to take care of additional insulation, but also practical - to install an additional radiator.

Boiler suit next to living rooms is not recommended, as the level of operating equipment noise is quite high. If you do decide to install a pumping station in the hallway, or closet, try to isolate the room as much as possible.

There is another solution, but it will be interesting only to those who visit the cottage only during the summer. You can purchase a compact portable unit and install it in a small makeshift - wooden structure resembling a box. The main thing that the building was protected from the rain. In winter, the pumping station together with a time plumbing disassembled and placed in a warm room.

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The format used by the stations surface-type pumps, the depth of water intake which rarely exceeds 10 m

For pumping water from a small shallow excavation optionally equip the pumping station is stationary, it is sufficient to connect only during pumping water

The holiday season can be a pumping station just park on the street if the territory is well protected garden community

Optimal - pavilion structure for a pumping station, near which can be positioned a filter system, automation and control devices

If the noise does not disturb the surface pump, quite loudly pumping water station installed in the waiting room or in the back rooms of house

For the stationary arrangement of the pumping station, pumping water from a deep well with an ejector, to better organize a pit or build caisson

Construction of deep caisson reduces the distance between the water surface in the development and pumping equipment. Such a solution often provides an opportunity to pump water station without ejector

Hydraulic tank - a mandatory component of the pumping station. However, it can be installed not only directly under the pump, but in a separate room

The specific use of pumping stations

Pumping water from wells Abyssinian

Station in water garden

The construction of the pumping station pavilion

Installation of the pumping station in the bath

Pit outside the cottage

Benefits of a station in a caisson

Accumulator as a mandatory component

Instructions for installation of the pumping station

Consider the most popular variant of the station installation in which the unit is located inside the house (in the basement or utility room), and a suction pipe, lowered into the well, is equipped with an ejector.

Outdoor exposure - from the well to the house

K activities include outer suction assembly downhole device (including the piston), laying line before the foundation of the house or site preparation (utility room) to install a pumping station, if it is located in a basement.

The closer the well to the house, the better, since it ensures a higher flow rate and a minimum of problems with the laying of water supply. The main objective of the drillers - to equip the well, installing a casing in accordance with the rules and requirements, the external design, they do not engage tip. Thus, before work well it is a piece of pipe approximately 1 m in height protruding from the ground.

There are several ways of refining the output of the casing to the surface: from the simple connection of pumping equipment to the construction of an underground caisson or a small outdoor buildings

We have decided to establish a well with a pump station for evacuating the territory of the house, therefore, to establish the necessary additional space in the well head area does not exist - enough headroom issue itself, keeping tight connection with pipe running water. To lay the pipeline, which will operate year-round, will have to dig a trench below the level of freezing. Accordingly, the casing will also have obkopat to this level.

Thus, the pipe will go from the wellhead to the well head openings in the foundation of the house. An important condition is a bias toward the source water pipeline, in case that the water draining may naturally flow into the well. The hole in the foundation should not be too high in relation to the highway - sharp drops and curves of a negative impact on the strength of the pressure and the functioning of the whole system.

After the punched hole in the basement and dug a trench, you must complete three steps directly related to the installation of pumping equipment:

• build and install an ejector;
• sealingly secure the well head;
• to prepare the site for installation of the accumulator.

The ejector is a cast iron item with three threaded holes. When connecting it to the pipes is necessary to use a sealing paste, fum-tape or flax, otherwise it will be leakproof.

Scheme of the ejector. Pay attention to the bottom part of the device - a filter to retain particles of sand and sediment, it must be installed in the first place, otherwise the equipment quickly fail

If the outer piece of the casing is raised high above the ground, the excess portion should be cut. It may be difficult to find headroom to double-tube device, in this case, the device can be assembled from a single pipe tip station. To this end, the casing is welded at right angles outlet coincident diameter.

To calculate the length of the vertical tubes, as are often used polyethylene roll-type products, it is necessary to add water to the dynamic level 2 meters. To lower end of the device is close to the bottom is not necessary, since the strainer clogged quickly. If the pipe is not straightened polyethylene (long since been stored in the roll winding), they can be slightly heated dryer construction.

Ejector strung on pipe sealingly fixed and immersed in water. Procedures for sealing joints and secure the knee should be carried out on a solid foundation. If you try to fix parts on weight, risking drowning ejector in the well. I have to buy a new station because it is not sold separately ejector.

The outer pipe is laid in the trench and led into the hole in the foundation of the house is then connected to the couplings of the centrifugal pump surface. To fit with the tube more tightly, they must be inserted to lock and tighten the hand and then to fix the result via pipe wrench. Dusting pipeline should only be done after system testing.

It is better, if at the time of immersion of the ejector pump station is already installed on a specially prepared ground. It must be stable and strong, the concept to a height of half a meter. You can make a concrete dais, put together a table of wood or put a brick wall - the main condition is to ensure security and stability.

Another variant of the accumulator assembly - on brackets attached to the wall. But keep in mind that any contact of the pumping equipment to the supporting structure will cause noise in residential areas

After the ejector connected to the suction pipe, water is omitted, but it is in its turn, is attached to the pump station, you can do the internal work on the device home wiring.

Internal wiring: the installation of shut-off valve and filter

We will not discuss in detail the connection of the draw-off points and consider the installation length of pressure pipes to the filter. As main elements inside the house can be used polyethylene or polypropylene pipes with a set of suitable diameter fittings. Details of these materials are easy to install and replace, if necessary.

To begin with the tie-shut-off valve, which will make it possible to install plumbing fixtures and cover the home water supply system in the event of an accident or a long departure. A better option is considered reliable ball valve with American Type - if desired it can be quickly replaced or removed without dismantling line of the other parts.

Purchase only quality brass faucets as cheap imitations with siluminosoderzhaschimi alloys are easily damaged and often cause flooding.

Optimal setting pumping station diagram: Ball valve with ½ "American" 20 - ½ HP situated directly at the exit of the polypropylene backbone with the inner tube 20

primary filter should be located next to the hydraulic accumulator, in an easy to access location. Regularity washing cartridge - filling the main filter - depends on the saturation of water with lime, iron and other trace elements. Inclusions such as coarse sand or pieces of clay in the domestic water pipe segment should not be, they are filtered out before the water enters the membrane tank.

Usually included in the filter is attached to the installation key that eases the installation process. The housing must be mounted so that on the one hand there was the pumping station, on the other - the wiring line to point of consumption. Pipes along the entire length is fixed to the wall with clamps on the corners and attachment points - special fittings.

Self-cleaning fine filters improve water quality, thereby preventing the sanitary appliances (mixers, sanfayans) from premature breakage and reducing the level of their maintenance costs

When assembling the network follow the tightness of the joint, otherwise the movement of water under pressure pipe may leak.

System Checking - test run

Testing of the water supply system is the final step to connect the pumping station to the well. That the procedure took place without "surprises" should remember several important rules.

For full operation of the equipment necessary to complete the installation of outdoor plumbing and installation of internal wiring. To check the inside of the valve also can be disabled, but instead use the pipe for irrigation (if it is provided by the project).

Carrying out preparatory work before starting the pump station, be sure to use instructions! Failure to comply with the manufacturer's technical instructions can cause damage to the pump equipment

The procedure for preparation of the equipment:

• Fill the inside of the accumulator with water (a must!), Unscrewing the cap and using a funnel. In the pump fill and adjacent tubes take about 10-12 liters.
• Tighten the filler cap.
• Check the pressure in the accumulator parameters (they are listed in the technical specifications and make up 1.2-1.5 atmospheres). If the pressure is lower, it is necessary to pump the air to the desired level using a compressor.
• Empty the water by opening the valves on the main lines.

Only after all these steps, you can connect the power supply. Once the motor is working, the water will fill all the tubes. It is necessary to ensure that the air is completely removed from the roads, then you can turn off the tap.

Further it is necessary to monitor the pressure - as soon as it reaches the parameters exhibited by the manufacturer (up to 3 atmospheres) should work equipment (pressure switch) and turn off the water.

If testing is successful, you need to finish the work on the installation of the system: permanently attaching the pipes inside the building, backfill the trench line the street.

HDPE pipes - alternative steel pipe

A closer look at the pipes connecting the submersible equipment and surface centrifugal pump. When choosing pipes for external water supply must be guided by factors such as:

• convenient transportation;
• easy installation without narrowly qualifying knowledge;
• strength, resistance to abrasion;
• elasticity and deformation of the shape without losing the functional properties;
• non-toxic, safe to move the drinking water.

All the above requirements are met by a pipe of HDPE. Unlike metal counterparts, they do not break down over time from corrosion. The average lifetime of HDPE pipes - 50 years.

One of the advantages of HDPE pipe - the existence of a set of various fittings suitable standard (couplings, plugs, adapters) for fast and uncomplicated installation

We recommend purchasing only quality bulleted item, with reference to the outer part of the following data:

• variety;
• external diameter;
• wall thickness;
• nominal and maximum pressure.

On the tube, which is necessary for laying the pressure line from the well, perhaps an indication of the destination - "drinking". For use in the country suitable product with a diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 2.4 mm. The blue bar indicates that the tubes are designed to pump water (yellow - to transport gas).

Tap complicated network structure is bends (e.g., for watering gardens or water bath). To monitor the points of pipe joints arrange manholes made of brick, concrete or plastic

How to insulate external water?

Laying line below the frost line solves the problem of additional insulation, however, it is not always possible deep trenching. We have to have the tube at a shallow depth, pre-insulate them from all sides.

Previously used only acceptable method - thermally insulating material wrapped products (e.g. mineral wool), then a film did not penetrate to the outside water.

Now there are a few modern methods of increasing the effectiveness of heat saving. For example, the use of the pipes, as built inside a hard shell of expanded polystyrene.

The most effective way is to apply the preheating electric cable. A water supply conduit has a diameter of 32 mm, then extend sufficiently along the cable line, securing it directly to the tube.

Cable manufacturers guarantee that it will protect the water even at -50º C on the surface. Thanks to sensors integrated electric heating is maintained at around + 5º C

The only disadvantage of the electric heating system - dependent on electricity. However, owners of country houses, constantly living in the autonomous mode, always have in reserve an alternative energy source - gas, diesel or gasoline generator.

Useful videos on the topic

Help you understand the nuances of the installation of a pumping station for the wells.

Useful tips for self-assembly and installation of the pump station:

Features installation of a pumping station in the basement:

Video instruction about installation of pumping stations Grundfos MQ:

Independently connect pumping equipment, we recommend that only those who are already faced with the installation, replacement or repair of pumping stations. For beginners it is better to turn to professionals or, at least, perform all work under their control.