Content of the article:
Vineyard attracts the attention of many dozens of pests. Worldwide, there are about 800 species of insects that can harm the crop of this crop. And not only berries are affected, but also roots, perennial and green shoots, inflorescences and leaves.
Without a well-constructed system of plant protection, preventive and curative processing of grapes from diseases and pests, there is a risk of losing from 30 to 50% of the crop, and some enemies of this crop can completely destroy the plantation.
Grapes mites and methods of controlling them
The most common pests of grapes around the world are numerous types of mites, which, feeding on the sap of the green parts of the plant, weaken the vineyard. With total pest damage, insects that cause the greatest damage to the buds and grape leaves are isolated.
If you do not stop the reproduction of insects in time and do not start using methods to combat grapes mites, their livelihoods adversely affect the maturation of shoots, the quality and quantity of berries, and colonies of bacteria and fungi, including pathogens of serious diseases like mildew andpowdery mildew.
Wintering, on weeds or inside the kidneys of a female tick in the spring, already at a temperature of about 7–8 ° C, begin to feed and lay eggs. As a result, the rudiments of inflorescences and shoots are damaged, the brushes formed turn out to be smaller than before the lesion with a tick, and the growth is weaker. If the tick hits the buds, they turn red, become dense and fall off.
Harm from an insect that gives a season from 6 to 11 generations, increases in the summer months when the grape pruritus feeds on the juices of the green part of the bush.
Traces of the presence of a pest look like a deformation of the outer side of the leaf plate, the appearance of noticeable bumps on it, which correspond to small depressions covered with a felt or web-like pile.
The stronger the damage to the leaf, the weaker the metabolic processes in its tissues. If you do not take urgent measures to combat grape pruritus, the felt spots on the back of the leaves merge, the sheet plate is rolled up, practically falling out of the process of photosynthesis. Leaf weakens and dries. Sometimes maturing brushes are also under the felt cover.
If at the beginning of the season the tick settles on the lower tier of the vine, then without proper control, it can settle on younger shoots. The spread of the tick is facilitated by arid hot weather, gusty wind, from diseased parts of the plant to healthy insects get during trimming, planting or inoculation. To minimize the risk of yield loss from a grape mite, methods of dealing with this pest should include agrotechnical techniques and spraying with modern insecticides and acaricides.
shoots that are weakened or frozen in winter should be removed. In autumn or early spring, when the buds of the grapes have not yet moved into growth, the vine and potential accumulations of grape pruritus are treated with a two-percent solution of DNOC.A 3% nitrafene solution will be effective against hibernating female ticks. Since insects are often hidden by forming a felt coating, special attention is paid to the back of the leaves when treating grapes from diseases and pests.
Long-tried grape pruritus control is considered to be a double treatment of planting with sulfur. It is important that the air temperature at the same time was above 20 ° C, and between the procedures it was 10–14 days.
When the plants were attacked by a tick, chemical treatment agents, including Fufanon, Neoron and Aktara, Aktellik or Tevit Jet, are chosen not only because of their efficacy, but also to be safe against bees and humans.
Grape aphid or phylloxera
Extremely dangerous for podvoynyh and European grape varieties, the pest is a grape aphid causing damage to plantings in all existing forms, whether they are larvae, nymphs, winged insects and soil.
Appearing in Europe in the middle of the XIX century, this pest caused devastating damage to the most famous vineyards, calling into question the cultivation of this crop in France.
For the aphid season gives 7–8 generations, as a result, the phylloxera plants infected with the root form noticeably weaken, their root system is underdeveloped, and without treating the grapes from diseases and pests, the vine dies for several years. To cope with this form can only be completely removing the affected bushes. Leaf form, characterized by the appearance on the back of leaves of galls containing aphid eggs, usually detected in the second year.
As this dangerous pest is quarantine, measures to control it consist in preventing the spread of aphids, as well as in the use of phylloxero-resistant rootstocks. Actelic, Dilor, Konfidor Maxi and Etafos are used against the leaf form. The first treatment is carried out when the buds are massively blooming, and the second at the stage when there are already 9–12 leaves on the shoots.
Grape leaves and other greens affecting pests of grapes
Caterpillars of grapevine, grape and two-year-old leafworms feed on buds, delicate flowers and buds of grapes, as well as the ovary and already ripening berries. As a result, the affected parts of the vine rot or dry out and die. On the grape bushes, the scoop and moth caterpillars feeding on buds and leaves also parasitize. Without proper attention, serious damage to the green parts of the plant can be caused by mole-miner, whose larvae that develop in leaf tissue feed on it and make tortuous passages.
In order to protect the crop from leafworms and a scoop, the grapes are harvested from diseases and pests with insecticides during the period when the butterflies fly.
If eggs and caterpillars are found on the grapes, it is important to carefully remove the damaged parts of the plant, preventing the pests from spreading. It is possible to protect the crop by means of three successive treatments with Fozalon, Ambush, Sumicidin, or with biologics of modern series.
Tripsa: description of a pest of grapes, photos and methods of treatment of
Parasitizing on the green part of grapes plants are small, reaching a length of 0.6-2 mm, insects pierce the leaves and shoots and suck juicesleading to a delay in the development of the bush in the spring.
On the leaves affected by thrips, first around the edges, and then over the entire plate, browned areas appear, the surface deforms and gradually twists.
Similar damage can be seen on young shoots, antennae, and later on berries. As in the case of the grape mite, methods of combating these insects consist in the use of Phosphamide or BI-58, Carbamyl and Metomila.
Flags and mealybugs
Grape shoots attract many pests. Small shchitovki and mealybugs, leading a sedentary lifestyle, settling on the vine, suck juices. This leads to a weakening of the affected parts of the plant, their drying and yield reduction. The presence of scutes gives out glossy spots of honeydew emitted by these insects. However, the damage to the plant from such pests is not limited to the weakening of the shoots and foliage, fungi soon develop on the habitats of the insects and insects, and there are pockets of diseases dangerous to the grapes. Where do these grape pests represented in the photo live and how to treat the shrub affected by them?
In the fall, young scale insects concentrate on the basis of common shoots, attach and overwinter. In the spring, mature insects give birth to a new generation that emerges from under the scutes of dead females.
Mealybugs with whitish loose waxy mass as a coating can cause serious damage to the grapes. During the winter, in the form of larvae under the bark of adult shoots and even on trellis supports, with the onset of heat, pests move to the green parts of the plant, to the shoots and leaves, where they become adults. Mealy worms and various types of scutes are fought by treating all above-ground parts of the bush, as well as the trellis details. Spraying is carried out in early spring, before disclosure of the kidneys and, of course, under great pressure, so that the drug penetrates into the layers of the cortex.
Scarion or weevil beetles
Vineyards are damaged by several types of weevils that gnaw buds and leaflets of young foliage, and their larvae can seriously damage the root system.
Adult beetles and larvae of this pest overwinter in the soil at a depth of 15 to 30 cm. However, the activity of insects begins with the arrival of spring, when the air warms over 10 ° C.The grapes are harvested from diseases and pests, including weevils, by means of insecticides, from April to May, when the beetles are actively feeding, and also in June, when young individuals leave the ground. The vineyard is sprayed twice with an interval of 10 days using chlorophos and fosalon. The soil between rows is loosened to a depth of not less than 15 cm.
Protecting grapes from wasps
In August, insects begin to prepare for winter and their diet changes radically. From the wasps, now interested in exclusively sweet, suffers the harvest of many garden crops, including grapes. Moreover, due to the thin skin of grapes, these pests can seriously reduce yields and adversely affect the quality of brushes.
Therefore, the protection of the vineyard from wasps is a task of paramount importance to the gardener.
Dealing with wasps is not easy because with the ripening berries, the use of insecticides becomes dangerous.
The best result can be achieved if you start the fight against the pest in advance and use all existing methods. The destruction of the wasp nests is best done in the evening, when insects gather for the night. If you are going to perform such a task, you must take all measures of personal safety. The pest site is treated with a fast-acting insecticide active against os.
The use of industrially made and improvised traps will not help get rid of insects, but with a systematic approach it will significantly reduce their numbers. In early summer, the trap is equipped with meat or fish bait, and in August and September the vessel is filled with syrup or other sweet product. As the device is filled, it is cleaned and hung out near the vineyard.
When brushes start to ripen, to protect the grapes from wasps, other insects and birds, they are covered with covers made of mesh or nonwoven material. Such a shelter should be free enough so as not to interfere with berry pouring and prevent the appearance of condensation inside and the development of rot.
